• Wind and Structures
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.445-457
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• 2020

The buffeting response is a vital consideration for long-span bridges in typhoon-prone areas. In the conventional analysis, the turbulence and structural vibrations are assumed as stationary processes, which are, however, inconsistent with the non-stationary features observed in typhoon winds. This poses a question on how the stationary assumption would affect the evaluation of buffeting responses under non-stationary wind actions in nature. To figure out this problem, this paper presents a comparative study on buffeting responses of a long-span cable-stayed bridge based on stationary and non-stationary perspectives. The stationary and non-stationary buffeting analysis frameworks are firstly reviewed. Then, a modal analysis of the example bridge, Sutong Cable-stayed Bridge (SCB), is conducted, and stationary and non-stationary spectral models are derived based on measured typhoon winds. On this condition, the buffeting responses of SCB are finally analyzed by following stationary and non-stationary approaches. Although the stationary results are almost identical with the non-stationary results in the mean sense, the root-mean-square value of buffeting responses are underestimated by the stationary assumption as the time-varying features existing in the spectra of turbulence are neglected. The analytical results highlights a transition from stationarity to non-stationarity in the buffeting analysis of long-span bridges.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제82권3호
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• pp.325-341
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• 2022

Previous major earthquakes indicated that the earthquake induced ground motions are typical non-stationary processes, which are non-stationary in both amplification and frequency. For the convenience of aseismic design and analysis, it usually assumes that the ground motions at structural supports are stationary processes. The development of time-frequency analysis technique makes it possible to evaluate the non-stationary responses of engineering structures subjected to non-stationary inputs, which is more general and realistic than the analysis method commonly used in engineering. In this paper, the wavelet-based stochastic vibration analysis methodology is adopted to calculate the non-stationary responses of multi-support structures. For comparison, the stationary response based on the standard random vibration method is also investigated. A frame structure and a two-span bridge are analyzed. The effects of non-stationary spatial ground motion and local site conditions are considered, and the influence of structural property on the structural responses are also considered. The analytical results demonstrate that the non-stationary spatial ground motions have significant influence on the response of multi-support structures.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.200-208
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 배경잡음에 강인한 잡음제거 알고리즘 설계를 위해서 minimum statistics (MS) 기법을 codebook driven short-term predictor parameter estimation (CDSTP) 기법에 접목하는 방법을 제안한다. MS는 stationary 배경잡음에는 강인하지만, non-stationary 배경잡음에는 상대적으로 취약하다. CDSTP는 non-stationary 배경잡음에 강인한 특성을 보이지만, 코드북에 없는 배경잡음 환경에는 취약하다. 따라서 non-stationary 배경잡음에 강인한 CDSTP 방법과 별도의 코드북 학습 과정이 필요 없는 MS를 결합해서 다양한 배경잡음에 강인한 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안방법은 MS나 CDSTP 방법에 비해서 전체적으로 향상된 perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) 성능을 나타냈으며, 특히 stationary 배경잡음과 non-stationary 배경잡음이 섞여 있는 mixed 배경잡음 환경에서 강인한 특성을 보였다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.89-104
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• 2021

Non-synoptic winds generated by tornadoes, downbursts or gust fronts exhibit significant non-stationarity and can cause significant wind load effect on flexible structures such as long-span bridges. However, conventional assumptions on stationarity used to evaluate the structural wind-induced vibration are inadequate. In this paper, an efficient frequency domain scheme based on fast CQC method, which can predict non-stationary buffeting random responses of long-span bridges, is presented, and then this approach is applied to evaluate the buffeting response of a long-span suspension bridge located in a complex mountainous wind environment as an example. In this study, the data-driven method based on one available measured wind speed sample is firstly presented to establish non-stationary wind models, including time-varying mean wind speed, time-varying intensity envelope function and uniformly modulated fluctuating spectrum. Then, a linear time-variant (LTV) system based on the proposed scheme can be generally applied to calculate the non-stationary buffeting responses. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed scheme are verified through Monte Carlo time domain simulation implemented in ANSYS platform. Also, the transient effect nature of the bridge responses is further illustrated by comparison of the non-stationary, quasistationary and steady-state cases. Finally, buffeting response analysis with traditional stationary treatment (10 min constant mean plus stationary wind fluctuation) is performed to illustrate the importance of the non-stationary characteristics embedded in original wind speed samples.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.477-483
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• 2011

This article is concerned with a class of threshold-asymmetric GARCH models both for stationary case and for non-stationary case. We investigate large sample properties of estimators from QML(quasi-maximum likelihood) and QL(quasilikelihood) methods. Asymptotic distributions are derived and it is interesting to note for non-stationary case that both QML and QL give asymptotic normal distributions.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.141-153
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• 2012

In this study, we estimated probable precipitation amounts at the target year (2020, 2030, 2040) of 55 weather stations in Korea using the 24 hour annual maximum precipitation data from 1973 through 2009 which should be useful for management of agricultural reservoirs. Not only trend tests but also non-stationary tests were performed and non-stationary frequency analysis were conducted to all of 55 sites. Gumbel distribution was chosen and probability weighted moment method was used to estimate model parameters. The behavior of the mean of extreme precipitation data, scale parameter, and location parameter were analyzed. The probable precipitation amount at the target year was estimated by a non-stationary frequency analysis using the linear regression analysis for the mean of extreme precipitation data, scale parameter, and location parameter. Overall results demonstrated that the probable precipitation amounts using the non-stationary frequency analysis were overestimated. There were large increase of the probable precipitation amounts of middle part of Korea and decrease at several sites in Southern part. The non-stationary frequency analysis using a linear model should be applicable to relatively short projection periods.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 2006년도 춘계공동학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1221-1226
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• 2006

The use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) has received increasing attention in the analysis and prediction of financial time series. Stationarity of the observed financial time series is the basic underlying assumption in the practical application of ANN on financial time series. In this paper, we will investigate whether it is feasible to relax the stationarity condition to non-stationary time series. Our result discusses the range of complexities caused by non-stationary behavior and finds that overfitting by ANN could be useful in the analysis of such non-stationary complex financial time series.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2009

비선형적인 위상 변화를 지닌 비정상(non-stationary)신호는 레이더(Radar), 통신(telecommunication), 생체공학, 지질탐사, 음향 등 여러 분야에서 쉽게 접하는 신호이다. 비정상신호는 일반적으로 시간에 따라 신호의 물리적 특성이 변화하는 신호를 의미하며, 순간 주파수는 신호의 특정시간에 해당하는 신호의 주파수를 의미한다. 이 논문에서는 순간 주파수를 결정하기 위한 연속 웨이브렛 변환의 적용에 대하여 논하였다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.129-146
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• 2018

Extreme wind speed analysis has been carried out conventionally by assuming the extreme series data is stationary. However, time-varying trends of the extreme wind speed series could be detected at many surface meteorological stations in China. Two main reasons, exposure change and climate change, were provided to explain the temporal trends of daily maximum wind speed and annual maximum wind speed series data, recorded at Hangzhou (China) meteorological station. After making a correction on wind speed series for time varying exposure, it is necessary to perform non-stationary statistical modeling on the corrected extreme wind speed data series in addition to the classical extreme value analysis. The generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution with time-dependent location and scale parameters was selected as a non-stationary model to describe the corrected extreme wind speed series. The obtained non-stationary extreme value models were then used to estimate the non-stationary extreme wind speed quantiles with various mean recurrence intervals (MRIs) considering changing climate, and compared to the corresponding stationary ones with various MRIs for the Hangzhou area in China. The results indicate that the non-stationary property or dependence of extreme wind speed data should be carefully evaluated and reflected in the determination of design wind speeds.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.369-383
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• 2022

Wind tunnel experiment was carried out to study the cross-wind layer forces on a square cross-section building model using a synchronous multi-pressure sensing system. The stationarity of measured wind loadings are firstly examined, revealing the non-stationary feature of cross-wind forces. By converting the measured non-stationary wind forces into an energetically equivalent stationary process, the characteristics of local wind forces are studied, such as power spectrum density and spanwise coherence function. Mathematical models to describe properties of cross-wind forces at different layers are thus established. Then, a conditional simulation method, which is able to ex-tend pressure measurements starting from experimentally measured points, is proposed for the cross-wind loading. The method can reproduce the non-stationary cross-wind force by simulating a stationary process and the corresponding time varying amplitudes independently; in this way the non-stationary wind forces can finally be obtained by combining the two parts together. The feasibility and reliability of the proposed method is highlighted by an ex-ample of across wind loading simulation, based on the experimental results analyzed in the first part of the paper.