• 제목/요약/키워드: Non-Formal Education

검색결과 69건 처리시간 0.022초

Barriers to Access Formal Financial Services: An Empirical Study from Indonesia

  • JAYANTI, Ari Dwi;AGUSTI, Kemala Sari;SETIYAWATI, Yuli
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • 제8권11호
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    • pp.97-106
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    • 2021
  • The condition of financial services in Indonesia is unique, based on various characteristics, behaviors, and preferences. Therefore, the study of finance and banking is interesting to study as a recommendation for government policies. This paper aims to analyze the barriers to accessing formal financial services in Indonesia and why informal financial services are preferred. This paper presents a case study of financial inclusion in selected provinces in Indonesia using the SOFIA dataset from the Ministry of National Development Planning. Overall, this data consists of 20,000 individuals from 4 provinces and 93 regions representing the population in eastern Indonesia. The analysis was carried out by processing individual-level cross-sectional data surveyed in 2017 using the probit binary logistic method. The results identify the individual barriers in accessing formal financial services, including account ownership, saving, and credit activities in the formal financial institutions, and amplify the image by analyzing what determinants affect people to choose informal institutions. We found that some individual characteristics such as age, gender, education, income, employment status, residence, and access to technology significantly affect the barrier to formal financial services in East Indonesia.

How Are the Novice Getting to Be the Expert? : A Preliminary Case Study on Japanese Science Teachers

  • Ogawa, Masakata
    • 한국과학교육학회지
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    • 제22권5호
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    • pp.1082-1102
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    • 2002
  • Most of comparative studies in science teacher education so far have been conducted in terms of teacher education policy, pre- and in-service training system and curriculum, and certificate system. While such superficial information can be readily obtainable, it does not necessarily enable us to make access to reality of science teachers' professional development in respective countries, because practice in professional development among science teachers is deeply embedded into respective socio-cultural environment or climate. In order to get information on reality in science teachers' professional development, alternative approaches of research should be developed. This paper aims at pursuing an alternative way to approach reality of Japanese science teachers' professional development. An email survey of free description method with 29 in-service science teachers with a variety of years of experience in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, revealed that Japanese science teachers have developed their expertise through very close daily-based communication with their peer science teachers. At least, within their consciousness, neither formal in-service training programs, nor pre-service training programs have had much stronger effects on their professional development than such non-formal, daily-based, deep, apprenticeship-typed or in some sense, family-typed communication. The results suggest that in order to conduct meaningful comparative studies, we should take much more attention to how to make access to reality of science teachers' professional development.

Formation Of Digital Culture Of Scientific And Pedagogical Workers In The Conditions Of General Digitalization Of Education

  • Kononenko, Andrii;Smyrnova, Iryna;Rybalko, Petro;Obraz, Vasyl;Balakhovska, Yuliia;Prepotenska, Maryna
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • 제21권12호
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    • pp.189-192
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    • 2021
  • The article theoretically substantiated, developed and practically implemented a structural and functional model of the formation of ICT competence, taking into account interdisciplinary integration, defines the pedagogical conditions that contribute to the formation of ICT competence: interdisciplinary integration as a basis for building an interdisciplinary course, the content of which is aimed at the formation of ICT competence; the use of IEE, including information, didactic, technological components as a basis for the formation of ICT competence; integration of formal, non-formal and informal education for the implementation the integrity of the acquired knowledge, skills, experience as the basis for the formation of the ICT competence of teachers; creation and use of a set of tasks (educational (UZ), educational and methodological (UMP), educational and professional (UPZ)) as special tools for the formation of ICT competence.

야외교육의 전문성 이해와 교육적 지향 (Understanding and expertise in outdoor education and education-oriented)

  • 이주욱;윤대현
    • 디지털융복합연구
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    • 제12권11호
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    • pp.607-615
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    • 2014
  • 야외교육은 학습자에게 기대하는 내적 성장부터 생태와 환경까지 다양한 체험을 강조한다. 더불어 야외교육의 공동체성, 생태적 관점 등의 중요성은 시대적 요구이기도 하다. 이러한 야외교육은 우리나라 국가수준의 교육과정에도 반영되어 문서로 제시하고 있다. 하지만 야외교육에 대한 교육목표가 뚜렷하지 않고, 철학적 고민이 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 야외교육에 대한 교육목표를 명확히 하고, 전문성에 대한 담론을 분석해서 지향점을 제시하였다. 야외교육의 전문성에 대해 논의하기 위해 '교사' 전문성, '체육 교사'의 전문성을 분석했다. 야외교육의 지향점으로는 첫째, 총체적 체험과 문제해결능력, 둘째, 반성적 실천가로의 지향으로 구분했다. 이는 야외교육은 효율적 지도방법만을 추구하는 것이 아니라 지도자 자신의 삶과 행위를 통해 지속적으로 성찰하고 실천하는 전문인으로 거듭나야 한다는 것이다. 결론으로는 첫째, 야외교육 체험에서 안전에 대한 문제 해결을 위한 매뉴얼 개발이 필요하다. 둘째, 야외교육을 가르칠 수 있는 전문인 양성을 위한 교과정 개발이 필요하다. 셋째, 야외교육을 학교교육으로 한정하지 않고, 비제도권 교육에 포함시켜야 함을 제시했다.

초등교사의 해양수족관 현장학습에 대한 인식과 해양수족관의 교육적 기능 (Elementary School Teachers' Perceptions of Marine Aquaria Field Trips and Educational Roles of Marine Aquaria)

  • 김종문
    • 수산해양교육연구
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    • 제24권3호
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    • pp.459-467
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    • 2012
  • Marine aquariums are excellent venues for accomplishing the purpose of marine education, and school field trips conducted at non-formal settings continue to be an important part of K-12 education. The purpose of this study is to provide quantitative data regarding the extent and quality of marine aquarium field trips conducted by elementary school teachers in Seoul. A web survey designed to explore elementary school teachers' experiences and perspectives on aquarium field trips identified several concerns regarding Korean marine aquarium education. Discussions for both Korean aquaria's educational roles and Korean elementary schools' successful field trips to aquaria are presented with the goal of improving the quality of Korean marine aquarium education.

Teaching the Intermediate Value Theorem with Non-Existing Examples

  • Hwang, Jihyun;Hong, Dae S.
    • 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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    • 제23권1호
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2020
  • In this case study, a professor was observed to investigate use of instructional examples when teaching the Intermediate Value Theorem in a calculus course. Video-recorded lessons were analyzed with constant comparison to video-stimulated recall interviews and field notes. The professor employed multiple instructional examples, which was initiated by students and modified by the professor. The professor asked students to build non-existing examples as an informal proof of the Intermediate Value Theorem and assessment of students' previous knowledge. Use of incorrect examples on instructional purpose can be an appropriate way for formative assessment as well as a bridge between informal and formal proofs in college mathematics.

Human Capital, Agglomeration Economies and Regional Economic Growth

  • Kim, Hong-Bae
    • 지역연구
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.65-75
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    • 1998
  • Education is widely recognized one of main sources for growth. This paper attempts to incorporate the general recognition into formal regional growth model. The model structure is largely neoclassical. It produces a single good with the two factors, educated labor and non-educated labor, via a constant return production migrating to the region with the higher real wage. The educated labor in a region is accumulated by two sources, migration and physical education capital, while the non-educated labor is by only migration. The paper shows that regional growth equilibrium is characterized as a saddle point. This indicates the presence of the minimum threshold size that must be overcome before a region may grow. It contrasts sharply with results obtained in regional growth models. The paper suggests that regional growth is determined less by the technical characteristics of regional production function characteristics of regional production function but by the stock combination of educated function but by the stock combination of education labor and non-educated labor. Based on this result, the impact of agglomeration economies on regional growth is explored. It is by phase diagram demonstrated that the presence of agglomeration economies do not always lead a region to growth since there still exists the minimum threshold even in the presence of agglomeration economies.

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기하 증명에서 기호의 역할과 기호 중재에 의한 직관의 형성 (Role of Symbol and Formation of Intuition by the Mediation of Symbols in Geometric Proof)

  • 김희;김선희
    • 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.511-528
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    • 2010
  • 기하적 성질을 이해하고 받아들이는 데 있어서 중요한 직관은 학습을 통해서도 형성될 수 있다. 본 연구는 2명의 학생을 대상으로 기호화, 문장화, 증명 과제를 수행하게 하여 기하 증명에서 기호의 중재에 의한 직관의 형성 과정을 살펴본다. 학생들에게 자명하고 당연하게 여겨지는 단정적 직관의 유무에 따라 기호가 어떤 역할을 하는지 살펴보고, 예상적 직관이 형성되지 않은 증명 문제에서 학생들이 기존 지식을 활용하여 증명을 완성하는 과정을 기호의 의미작용에 의해 설명한다. 마지막으로 피타고라스의 정리에 대해 기호의 중재에 의해서 결론적 직관이 형성되는 과정을 살펴본다.

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공학적 소양 함양을 위한 비형식 공학교육 프로그램 개발 및 적용 - 국립과학관을 중심으로 (The Development and Application of an Informal Engineering Education Program to Achieve Engineering Literacy)

  • 허혜연;김기수
    • 대한공업교육학회지
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    • 제45권2호
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    • pp.131-158
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    • 2020
  • 이 연구의 목적은 형식교육의 틀 밖에서 실현되는 공학교육을 위한 비형식 공학교육 프로그램을 개발하고 적용하는데 있다. 이를 위하여 비형식 공학교육 프로그램을 개발하고 타당화하여, 참여자의 프로그램 참여 경험을 논의하였다. 개발된 비형식 공학교육 프로그램은 공학에 관심 있는 고등학생 학습자 90명에게 1박 2일 캠프 형식으로 적용하였고, 개방형 설문 및 심층 인터뷰로 목표 달성 여부를 확인하였다. 비형식 공학교육 프로그램의 목표는 실제 생활에서 공학, 공학 설계의 중요성 및 공학 설계 과정의 원리를 이해할 수 있으며, 다양한 지식과 도구를 활용하여 공학문제를 창의적으로 해결할 수 있도록 하는데 있다. 또한, 실제 사례를 통해 공학자가 하는 일을 이해하고, 자신의 진로를 설계할 수 있으며, 문제를 해결하는 과정에서 동료와의 협업을 통해 공학과 관련된 다양한 이슈를 공유하고 공학 주제에 대한 의사소통 능력을 기를 수 있어야 하는 것을 목표로 교육 프로그램을 개발하였다.

제4차 산업 시대의 스마트 환경을 활용한 의사소통교육 모델 연구 (Research on the Communication Eeducation model adapted to the "smart" environment in the Era of 4thindustrial revolution)

  • 황영미;이재현
    • 공학교육연구
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    • 제20권3호
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    • pp.32-41
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    • 2017
  • The $4^{th}$ industrial revolution refers to an era where machines capable of outperforming humans are created. In light of the 4th industrial revolution, university students are demanded problem solving abilities, critical thinking abilities, and problem discovering abilities as general and basic abilities. The need for changes in the university level communication education for engineering students remains imperative in this constantly changing social environment. The era where education is conducted only in classrooms is over. This paper discusses the need for diversified education such as the integration of online and offline education, the reinforcement of learning outside of the classroom as well as an education model that transcends formal and informal education such as games and activities that induce self-learning, both intentional and non-intentional learning, and the utilization of mass media and social networking systems. Through providing an education model that assesses and utilizes the data gained from the learning process provided above, this paper widens the perception of future education methods in the 4th industrial revolution.