• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.662-668
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• 2016

No-tillage dry-seeding of rice can offer potential benefits by reducing time and labor cost compared with conventional tillage practices. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of no-tillage dry-seeding on rice growth and soil hardness in comparison with other rice cultivation methods, machine transplanting and wet-hill-seeding on puddled paddy. The seedling stand fell within optimum range for both no-till dry-seeding and wet-hill-seeding on puddled paddy. Plant height, number of tillers and SPAD values in no-tillage dry-seeding cultivation were higher than those observed in other methods. There were no significant differences in grain yield of rice among three cultivation methods. The quality characteristics of milled rice grown in no-tillage dry-seeding were similar to those grown in other cultivation methods. Soil hardness in top 10 cm depth was significantly higher in no-tillage dry-seeding than other cultivation methods, while soil hardness below 10 cm depth was highest in machine transplanting cultivation. Results indicate that no-tillage dry-seeding practice is comparable to conventional tillage system in terms of seedling establishment, growth, yield and grain quality.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.208-208
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• 2017

No-tillage practices are expected to provide several benefits such as increasing soil organic matter, reducing labor time and saving energy cost compared with conventional tillage practices. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of no-tillage dry-seeding on rice growth and soil properties in comparison with other rice cultivation methods, machine transplanting and wet-hill-seeding on puddled paddy. Rice seedling establishment was slightly higher in no-tillage dry-seeding treatment ($145seedling\;m^{-2}$) than wet-hill-seeding on puddled paddy treatment ($111seedling\;m^{-2}$), but the seedling establishment in both treatments fell within the optimum range for direct seeding rice cultivation. Plant height, number of tillers and chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of rice in no-tillage dry-seeding treatment were higher than those of the other treatments. However, no significant differences in grain yield was observed among three cultivation methods, and the yield ranged 5.8 to $5.9ton\;ha^{-1}$. The heading date from seeding under no-tillage dry-seeding treatment was on average 109 days, which was similar to that under machine transplanting treatment (112 days), but 10 days later than that under wet-hill-seeding on puddled paddy treatment (99 days). Grain quality characteristics grown in no-tillage dry-seeding were similar to those grown in the other cultivation methods. These results indicate that no-tillage dry-seeding practice is comparable to conventional tillage system in terms of seedling establishment, growth, yields and grain quality.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.319-319
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• 2017

Methane is the main greenhouse gas released from rice paddy field. Methane from paddy fields accounts for 11 % of the global total methane emission. The global warming potential (GWP) of methane is 25 times more than that of carbon dioxide on a mass basis. It is well known that most effective practice to mitigate methane in paddy is related to the water management during rice growing season and the use of organic matters. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of tillage and cultivation method on methane emission in paddy. Tillage (tillage and no-tillage) and cultivation methods (transplanting and direct seeding) were combined tillage-transplanting (T-T), tillage-wet hill seeding (T-W), tillage-dry seeding (T-D) and no-till dry seeding (NT-D) to evaluate methane mitigation efficiency. Daily methane emission was decreased on seeding treatments (T-W, T-D, NT-D) than transplanting treatment (T-T). Amount of methane emission during rice growing season is highest in T-T ($411.7CH_4\;kg\;ha^{-1}y^{-1}$) and lowest in NT-D treatment (89.7). In T-W and T-D treatments, methane emissions were significantly decreased by 36 and 51 % respectively compared with T-T. Methane emissions were highly correlated with the dry weight of whole rice plant ($R^2=0.62{\sim}0.93$). T-T treatment showed highest $R^2$ (0.93) among the four treatments. Rice grain yields did not significantly differ with the tillage and cultivation methods used. These results suggest that direct seeding practice in rice production could mitigate the methane emissions without loss in grain yield.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.264-268
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• 1998

The experiment was conducted to clarify irrigation requirement and percolation rate in rice paddy. The four rice cultural system of no-tin, till, transplanting, and direct seeding condition were treated in the lysimeter filled with sandy loam soil. The amounts of irrigation and soil percolation were measured daily, and irrigation requirement was estimated. The daily percolation was 19.5 l/$\textrm{m}^2$ in no-till direct seeding on flooded paddy surface, 17.4 l/$\textrm{m}^2$ in both of till-direct seeding on flooded surface and no-till transplanting, and 15.2 l/$\textrm{m}^2$ in transplanting plot. This is equivalent to 19.5, 17.4, and 15.2 mm per day, respectively. Highest irrigation requirement was 3,770 l/$\textrm{m}^2$ in no-till direct seeding plots. Others were 3,249, 2,577, and 2,321 l/$\textrm{m}^2$ in till-direct seeding, no-till transplanting and transplanting plot, respectively. The estimated irrigation requirement of no-till transplanting, till-direct seeding and no-till direct seeding was increased by 11, 37, and 59% compared to till-transplanting plot. Percolation rate of no-till transplanting, till direct seeding and no-till direct seeding was increased by 12%, 40%, and 66%, respectively compared to the till-transplanting plot. The percolation rate in paddy soil was increased greatly after reproductive stage of rice.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.301-305
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• 1995

This study was conducted to find out the changes of soil physical properties and rice growth by the different soil prepartion, such as direct seeding in dry or submerged condition, tillage or no-tillage, and transplanting the infant seedlings. Soil bulk density and hardness were higher in no-tillage plots than tillage plots, and in dry-seeding plots than submerged seeding plots. Permeability of no-tillage plot was increased 56% and water requirement was also increased 27% compare to the conventional transplanting condition. In no-tillage plot, the soil water contents were so rapidly decreased that easily changed to optimum condition for machinery working. The root growth of rice was inhibited as increasing the soil bulk density at early stage, bottom of culm in no-tillage submerged plot was located 0.9cm above the soil surface and the rice plant slightly lodged. The root distribution of surface layer was higher in no-tillage plot and the heading date was 2 days earlier in no-tillage plots than tillage plots, and 3 days earlier in dry seeding plot than submerged seeding plot. Rice yields of no-tillage plots were 5.55 M/T/ha and 5.16 M/T/ha for dry and submerged seeding respectively. These yields were lower about 12.1 % in dry seeding and 18.3% in submerged seeding compare with 6.31M/T/ha of transplanting plot. Rice yields were higher at dry seeding than submerged seeding in no-tillage condition, but in tillage condition, the rice yields were better at submerged seeding plot than dry one.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.109-114
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• 1996

Field experiment was carried out to investigate the annual changes of rice yield and soil properties. Hwaseongbyeo was cultivated by different tillage methods and fertilizer levels for 5 years in the paddy soil. Tilth efficiency of power tiller(PT) rotary plot was higher by 74.8％, but that of tractor tillage plot was lower by 59.0％. Water requirement in depth of no-tillage plots after rice transplanting was highest and also those of the early growing stage was higher than those of the middle growing stage. Rice yield of PT rotary plot by recommended fertilizer application was increased by 17％ than that of no-tillage plot by conventional fertilizer application. By the rotary of PT and tractor, rice yield increased by 6-17％ than those of no-tillage. In case of cultivating years, rice yield of 2nd year was highest, but that of 4th year was lowest. Soil bulk density and solid phase of no-tillage plot which took not tillage were highest than the other plots. The changes of soil chemical properties in the all treatments had not definite tendency.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.176-180
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• 1996

In order to estabilish a labour-saved and environmental protected paddy rice system in Southern Korea, new system, called no-tillage paddy system, was proposed and investigated from 1988 to 1996. Under the no-tillage paddy system, occurrence pattern, control value and regrowth of water foxtail each treatment(herbicides and application dates), and occurrence of volunteer rice plant in application dates of herbicide were investigated. The growth of water-foxtil was markedly increased from middle of May and no. of tillers and dry weight of water-foxtail increased up to 3rd crop year in no-tillage. Glyphosate application for control of water-foxtail was 20 days before transplanting. And when the soil under the no-tillage paddy system in May 1 and May 10 application of herbicide machine-transplanted with 8-day-old seedlings missing hills were increased compared to April 20 and early growth stages of machine transplanted of rice in April 20 applications of herbicide showed increased plant height, no. of tillers of rice, occurrence of volunteer rice plants from the shattered seeds were 1,600plants/10a and decreased in May 10 compared to April 20 and May 1.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.71-84
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• 2017

Hot pepper growth in no-tillage cultivation on recycled ridge was increased by 22% compared with tillage cultivation. At 3 years after no-tillage cultivation, hot pepper growth was increased by 12% compared with tillage cultivation. Dry weight of unripe hot pepper at 2 years of no-tillage cultivation was 348.4 kg/10a increasing 16% compared with tillage cultivation while dry weight of unripe hot pepper was decreased at 3 years of no-tillage cultivation. Bacteria flora at 2 years of no-tillage cultivation was significantly increased compared with tillage cultivation. Bacteria flora was not significantly different at 3 years of no-tillage cultivation. Actinomyces flora at 2 years of no-tillage cultivation was significantly increased compared with tillage cultivation. Actinomyces flora was decreased at 3 years of no-tillage cultivation. Fungi flora at 2 and 3 years of no-tillage cultivation was increased by 1.3 and 1.7 times respectively, compared with tillage cultivation. Generation amount of carbon dioxide at no-tillage cultivation soil was remarkably decreased by 41% compared with tillage cultivation. Population of animalcule in early stage of hot pepper soil was 2 species and 6 individuals on Collembola and Acari at tillage cultivation. Population of animalcule in hot pepper soil was 5 species and 11 individuals including Chilopode at one year of no-tillage cultivation. Population of animalcule in hot pepper soil was 3 species and 5 individuals including Coleoptera and Chilopode at 2 years of no-tillage cultivation. Population of animalcule was 4 species and 40 individuals including Hypogastrurigae and 8 species and 97 individuals including Earwig (Labidura japornica) at 46 days after transplanting on tillage cultivation. Population of animalcule was 9~10 species and 101~107 individuals on no-tillage cultivation. Nature status for environmental change as index organism was 19 points and 33 points, at tillage and no-tillage cultivation, respectively. These results indicate that no-tillage agriculture of korean-style on recycled ridge plays a very important roles on pepper growth, biodiversity of animalcule, and greenhouse gases at plastic film greenhouse soil in no-tillage systems.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.420-428
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the response of growth and yield of rice under five different cultural methods, machine transplanting(MTNT), puddled drill seeding (PDSNT), drill seeding on soil surface (DSNT) , broadcasting on soil surface (BSNT) under no-tillage paddy condition and conventional machine transplanting(MTT) in Jeonbuk series(siltyloam soil) from 1993 to 1995. Soil hardness was higher in no-tillage soil and increased with highly difference between tillaged and no-tillage soil with deeper soil depth. Bulk density was heavier in no-tillage soil and porosity was higher in tilled soil than that of the control. The rate of effective tiller was higher in MTT, following MTNT, PDSNT, DSNT and BSNT. Weed occurrence was more serious in no-tillage soil, than that of tillaged soil. The rate of lower internode length was lower in DSNT and BSNT and was similar with MTT in PDSNT and MTNT. Height of center gravity in terms of lodging tolerance was lower in direct seeding than in machine transplanting. Depth of buried culm was shorter in no-tillage soil, especially in DSNT and BSNT. Total amount of root was higher in MTT, following MTNT, PDSNT, BSNT and BSNT and the distribution rate of root in shallower soil layer was higher in no-tillage soil, especially in BSNT and DSNT. Field lodging occured highly in BSNT, following DSNA, PDSNT and MTNT with high lodging scale in DSNT and BSNT. Panicle number per unit land square meter was the highest in MTT and the least in BSNT. Ripened grain ratio was low in BSNT and DSNT due to heavy lodging. Yield of milled rice was 93% in PDSNT, 87% in DSNT, 81% in BSNT and 96% in MTNT, compared with 534kg /10a in MTT.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.216-222
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• 2002

Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of various cultural practices on methane($CH_4$) emission in tillage and no-tillage practice in a clayey paddy soil from 1998 to 2000. The factors evaluated in tillage and no-tillage methods were types of nitrogen fertilizers, application method of chemical fertilizers, rice straw application and cultivation method. Of the nitrogen fertilizers, the amount of $CH_4$ emission in ammonium sulfate plot was the lowest, regardless of tillage and the application method. 26.4~41.1% of reduction by ammonium sulfate compared with urea. But in no-tillage which have problem of poor rice yield than tillage, coated urea was more effective nitrogen fertilizer because that showed similar $CH_4$ emission and highest rice yield at 80% of dosage of nitrogen. No-tillage plot emitted lower $CH_4$ than tillage plot where the fertilizers were incorporated. On the contrary, no-tillage plot showed a little higher $CH_4$ emission compared with tillage plot for the surface application. When rice straw was applied, no-tillage practice reduced methane emission by 26.6% compared with tillage practice, but showing a little difference of 10.7% in no application. With cultivation method, no-tillage practice reduced methane emission 26.6% compared with tillage for the 30-d-old seedling transplanting. But for the dry direct seeding practice, no-tillage was a less effective because considerable amounts of rice straw incorporated by tillage were more decomposed aerobically in the soil and emitted as $CO_2$ to the atmosphere with flooding in no-tillage soil.