• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2021

In this study, effects of the physical and chemical properties of low temperature heated carbon on electrochemical behavior as a secondary battery anode material were investigated. A heat treatment at 600 ℃ was performed for coking of petroleum based pitch, and the manufactured coke was heat treated with different heat temperatures at 700~1,500 ℃ to prepare low temperature heated anode materials. The physical and chemical properties of carbon anode materials were studied through nitrogen adsorption and desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, elemental analysis. Also the anode properties of low temperature heated carbon were considered through electrochemical properties such as capacity, initial Coulomb efficiency (ICE), rate capability, and cycle performance. The crystal structure of low temperature (≤ 1500 ℃) heated carbon was improved by increasing the crystal size and true density, while the specific surface area decreased. Electrochemical properties of the anode material were changed with respect to the physical and chemical properties of low temperature heated carbon. The capacity and cycle performance were most affected by H/C atomic ratio. Also, the ICE was influenced by the specific surface area, whereas the rate performance was most affected by true density.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2021

Purpose: Urea cycle disorder (UCD) is an inherited inborn error of metabolism, acting on each step of urea cycle that cause various phenotypes. The purpose of the study was to investigate the long-term clinical consequences in different groups of UCD to characterize it. Methods: Twenty-two patients with UCD genetically confirmed were enrolled at Pusan National University Children's hospital and reviewed clinical features, biochemical and genetic features retrospectively. Results: UCD diagnosed in the present study included ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) (n=10, 45.5%), argininosuccinate synthase 1 deficiency (ASSD) (n=6, 27.3%), carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1 deficiency (CPS1D) (n=3, 13.6%), hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria syndrome (HHHS) (n=2, 9.1%), and arginase-1 deficiency (ARG1D) (n=1, 4.5%). The age at the diagnosis was 32.7±66.2 months old (range 0.1 to 228.0 months). Eight (36.4%) patients with UCD displayed short stature. Neurologic sequelae were observed in eleven (50%) patients with UCD. Molecular analysis identified 37 different mutation types (14 missense, 6 nonsense, 6 deletion, 6 splicing, 3 delins, 1 insertion, and 1 duplication) including 14 novel variants. Progressive growth impairment and poor neurological outcomes were associated with plasma isoleucine and leucine concentrations, respectively. Conclusion: Although combinations of treatments such as nutritional restriction of proteins and use of alternative pathways for discarding excessive nitrogen are extensively employed, the prognosis of UCD remains unsatisfactory. Prospective clinical trials are necessary to evaluate whether supplementation with BCAAs might improve growth or neurological outcomes and decrease metabolic crisis episodes in patients with UCD.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.366-368
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: Composting is the most frequently used waste management process for animal manure in Korea's livestock industry. In the composting process, a large amount of nitrogen (N) is volatilized to the atmosphere as amonia ($NH_3$). However, quantitative information of $NH_3$ emission from composting of liquid manure is required to obtain emission factors for management of livestock manure in Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: To evaluate the $NH_3$ emission from composting of liquid manure affected by aeration, we conducted composting of liquid pig manure with three forced aeration systems. The aeration conditions were continuous (A60), cycle of 30 min aeration and 30 min pause (A30S30) and without aeration(A0). All treatments were aerated 12 hour per day with these aeration systems. The total ratio of $NH_3$ volatilization loss to total N content in liquid manure throughout composting period was estimated to 19.9% for A0 treatment, 25.9% for A30S30 treatment and 36.3% for A60 treatment. The A30S30 and A60 aeration systems increased $NH_3$ volatilization by 30.2 and 82.3% compared with systems without forced aeration. CONCLUSION(S): Ammonia emission during liquid pig manure composting was highly affected by forced aeration. The development of liquid pig manure composting systems with forced aeration would be considered both reducing ammonia emission and efficiency of composting.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to develop wood pots for create Optimum environment of plant growth using unused wood. to prove this, we examined the effects of cycle of water supply and nutrient concentration in wood pots on plant germination rate and growth factors (leaf number, stem diameter and length). The results are as follows. 1) The growth rate was higher at once of 2 days watering period. This suggests that the growth of the plants was better than that of the less water because the larch pots itself has the water retention capacity inside. 2) Germination rate and growth rate were better than other treatment groups when the concentration of nutrient solution was 0.5%. 3) Nitrogen, available phosphoric acid, and potassium showed higher contents than the nutrient - treated soil at 0.5% concentration of nutrient solution. This indicates that the nutrient solution absorbed from the larch affected the soil and plant growth in the inside.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.381-386
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• 2011

Chemically functionalized plant oils, namely maleinized acrylated epoxidized soybean oil(MAESO), were used as a new bio based binders for photoelectrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells. The photocatalysts were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope(FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer(EDS), X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and nitrogen adsorption analyses. The surface area and number of appropriate pores were increased in the $TiO_{2}$ particles prepared using the plant oil binders in comparison with the P-25 photocatalyst, due to the larger number of functionalities. The functional groups of OH on the surface of the $TiO_{2}$ particles increased from 9.9% to 16.62%.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.529-539
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• 2016

Modeling can be used to understand the atmospheric dispersion of air pollutants scientifically. Recent development of model computation enabled to simulate more diverse area. As flowing out from the emission source, the concentration profiles of air pollutants could be estimated in three dimensional space. This study used CALPUFF diffusion model to predict the diffusion of discharged NO2 and TSP on the atmosphere near a combined heat power plant and incinerator. It was investigated contribution concentration of the surrounding area by sources by comparing the actual measurement results and the results of the modeling. Contribution of emission sources to the local level of NO2 was found quite high particularly at the site, A-3. The estimated results by modelling revealed more significant effect on TSP at A-5.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.185-195
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• 1994

Masan bay is one of the polluted enclosed bays, which has red tides problem and the formation of oxygen deficient water in the bottom layer. Most important factors that cause eutrophication and red tide is nutrient materials containing nitrogen and phosphorus which stem from terrestrial sources and nutrients released from sediment. Therefore, to improve of water quality, reduction of these nutrient loads should be indispensible. At this study, the three-dimensional numerical hydrodynamic and eutrophication model, which were developed by Institute for Resources and Environment of Japan, were applied to analyze the processes affecting the phytoplankton production and also to evaluate the effect of water quality improvement plans on phytoplankton production. In field sorvey, the range of concentrations of chlorophyll-a at surface area was found to be 29.17 - 212.5mg/m3, which were exceeding eutrophication criteria. The constant currents defined by integrating the simulated tidal currents over 1 tidal cycle showed the counterclockwise eddies in the southern part of Budo. The general directions of constant currents were found to be southward at surface and northward at bottom over all the bay. The eutrophication model was calibrated with the data surveyed in the field area in June, 1993. The calculated results are in fairly good agreement with values within relative error of 30%. The pollutant load from the sources such as the input from terrestrial release from the sediment was reduced by the rate of 50, 70, 90, 98% to effect of phytoplankton production. Phytoplankton production was reduced to of the 90% reduction of the input loads from terrestrial sources and 8% in 90% reduction of the load from sediment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.871-884
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• 2009

Gene expression profiling is a useful tool for identifying critical genes and pathways in metabolism. The objective of this study was to determine the major differences in the expression of genes associated with metabolism and metabolic regulation in liver and mammary tissues of lactating cows. We used the Michigan State University bovine metabolism (BMET) microarray; previously, we have designed a bovine metabolism-focused microarray containing known genes of metabolic interest using publicly available genomic internet database resources. This is a high-density array of 70mer oligonucleotides representing 2,349 bovine genes. The expression of 922 genes was different at p<0.05, and 398 genes (17%) were differentially expressed by two-fold or more with 222 higher in liver and 176 higher in mammary tissue. Gene ontology categories with a high percentage of genes more highly expressed in liver than mammary tissues included carbohydrate metabolism (glycolysis, glucoenogenesis, propanoate metabolism, butanoate metabolism, electron carrier and donor activity), lipid metabolism (fatty acid oxidation, chylomicron/lipid transport, bile acid metabolism, cholesterol metabolism, steroid metabolism, ketone body formation), and amino acid/nitrogen metabolism (amino acid biosynthetic process, amino acid catabolic process, urea cycle, and glutathione metabolic process). Categories with more genes highly expressed in mammary than liver tissue included amino acid and sugar transporters and MAPK, Wnt, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways. Real-time PCR analysis showed consistent results with those of microarray analysis for all 12 genes tested. In conclusion, microarray analyses clearly identified differential gene expression profiles between hepatic and mammary tissues that are consistent with the differences in metabolism of these two tissues. This study enables understanding of the molecular basis of metabolic adaptation of the liver and mammary gland during lactation in bovine species.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.70-73
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• 2018

To determine the optimum amount of spent oyster mushroom substrate (SOMS) for use in cultivation of Lentinula edodes, the chemical properties of the substrate and culture conditions of Lentinula edodes were investigated. Replacing 20-50% of a sawdust substrate with SOMS yielded a C/N ratio of 62-76. In case of substrates containing SOMS, the total nitrogen and phenolic contents of were higher, whereas fructose and organic acid contents were lower than those of the control substrate. Cultivation tests showed that the 3-cycle yield of 20% SOMS treatment was 286.7 g, similar to that of the control, while 50% SOMS treatment significantly decreased the yield. In conclusion, development of oak mushroom substrate using SOMS would recycle waste products and decrease material costs.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.247-253
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• 2002

Natural manganese ore was selected as main active component for a non-zinc desulfurization sorbent used in the gas clean-up process of the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) because of excellent H$_2$S removal efficiency and economical aspect . In this study, the regeneration characteristics of sorbent after desulfurization reaction were determined in a thermobalance reactor and a fixed bed reactor in the temperature range of 350~55$0^{\circ}C$. The mixed gases of oxygen and nitrogen are used as the regeneration reaction gases for manganese sorbent. According to Mn-S-O phase diagram, the manganese sorbent has a low regeneration efficiency in medium temperature due to formation of MnSO$_4$ and the regeneration temperature must be over 85$0^{\circ}C$. To improve that problem, ammonia and steam was added in regeneration mixed gases. Effect of new regeneration method was determined by XRD and difference of desulfurization through multicycle tests.