• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.76-80
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• 1997

'4 NiAl coating process was applied on 316 stainless steel to retard the corrosion of the wet- seal area of separator for the molten carbonate fuel cell. The Nit11 phasc on the stainless steel substrate could be formed by pre-coating with Ni, plated with A1 and ther, heat treated at $800^{\circ}C$ for 3 hr in $H_2/N_2$ gas atmosphere. The corrosion protection behavior of YiAl coating layer was stuilied under immersion condition in molten cxhonate salt($62^{m}/_{o}Li_2CO_3-38^{m}/_{o}/K_{2}CO_{3}$) at $650^{\circ}C$. The NiAl coating layer ticposited on the AiSi 316 stainless steel had high corrosion resistance in molten carbor. dte salt. The corrosion resistance of XiAl (~~jpoared to be associated with the .A1 oxide formed on the surface of coating layer.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.25-37
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• 1981

In diesem Aufsatz handelt es von einem theoretischen Betrachung $\"{u}ber$ Verbraucherschutz und besonders von jetzigem Zustand von Verbraucherschutz in der BRD aus Gesichtspunkt von Verbraucherpolitik und Verbraucherorganisation. Es ist sinnvoll, nicht nur der $Vergr\"{o}{\beta}erung$ des Forschungsgebiets der Hauswirtschaft, sondern im demokratischen Wiederaufbau der Volkswirtschaft, den Verbrauch subjektiv zu erkennen und die Volkswirtschaft aus Gesichtspunkt der Konsumente-nsouver\"{a}nit\"{a}t$ zubeleuchten. Unter Kosumfreiheit ist von drei Seiten aus zufassen. Zuerst der Seite der Konsumhandlung ist die Konsumfreiheit die Freiheit der Konsumwahl zu verstehen. Zum zweiten, auf der Seite des Markts ist sie die Erhaltung des den Produzenten gleichkommenden Zustand, d.h. die Verwirklichung des gleichwertigen Austausches unter gleicher Bedingung zu verstehen. Zum dritten, auf der Seite der Volkswirtschaft bedeutet sie den Zustand, da${\beta}$ die Konsumhandlung aktiv einen Einflu${\beta}$ auf den Produzent durch Marktmechanism $aus\"{u}ben$ kann. Soche Konsumfreiheit ist auf Kollektiver Ebene als auf individueller Ebene zu erreichen. Der Verbraucherschutz ist von zwei Standpunkte aus $erw\"{a}hnt$; auf der eine Seite die Regelung der Anbieter am Markt um Zweck von der Erhaltung und $F\"{o}rderung$ eines wirksamen Wettbewerbs, auf der andern Seite die $Sta\"{a}rkung$ der Verbraucher durch die Sicherung der Macht und $F\"{a}higkeit$ der Verbraucher. In den konkreten Methoden $f\"{u}r$ Verbraucherschutz gibt es Verbraucherpolitik durch den Regierungsanstalt und die verschiedenen $T\"{a}tigkeiten$ nach eigner Initiative von Verbraucher selbst. Den ersteren $geh\"{o}ren die $sozialp\"{a}dagogischen$ Ma${\beta}$nahmen, die sich auf die Verbraucher-$aufkl\"{a}rung$ und Ausbau der die Verbraucherinformationen erstrecken, und die sozialorganisatorichen Ma${\beta}$nahmen wie der Ausbau der Gesetzgebung und die verbesserte Koordinierung der mit den Verbraucherfragen befa${\beta}$ten Ressorts. Die letzteren sind die $Verb\"{a}nde$ und Einrichtungen der Verbraucher selbst, die sich um die Belange der Verbraucher $k\"{u}mmern$ und einen wachsenden Einflu${\beta}$ auf die Gesetzgebung nehmen $k\"{o}nnen$. Diese Methode der Verbraucherschutz $w\"{a}re$ die Information und Erziehung der Verbraucher und auch die Verbraucherberatungsstelle.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.3 s.39
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• pp.94-104
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• 1999

Objectives: Hepatoma is a very serious disease in Korea and worldwide. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has proved the most significant cause of hepatoma. We carried out this study to investigate the effect of Injinchunggan-tang (Yinchenqinggan -tang) on inhibiting cell proliferation and DNA synthesis in HepG2.2.15 cell lines and on inhibiting phosphorilation of oncogene (MAP kinase) in NIT /3T3-HEx cells. Methods: First we confinned the Hepatitis B virus producing ability of HepG2.2.15 cells. To investigate the anti-cancer effect of Injinchunggan-tang (Yinchenqinggan-tang), we did the NTS/PMS assay, [3H]-thymidine incorporation assay and transfection of pcDNA-X. We also measured the gene expression through western blotting. Results: Injinchunggan-tang (Yinchenqing gan tang) showed the suppressing effect of HepG2.2.l5 increase in the MTS/PMS assay and the inhibiting effect of DNA synthesis of HepG2.2.15 in the [3H] thymidine incorporation assay. Injinchunggan-tang (Yinchenqinggan-tang) also showed the inhibiting phosphorilation effect of MAP kinase in HBV -X genes. Conclusions: From the above Injinchunggan-tang (Yinchenqinggan-tang) is thought to have an anti-cancer effect on the hepatoma from HBV. It is suggested that further studies on this prescription would give us a better medicine with an anti-cancer effect.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.717-723
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• 2009

Ni/Al ('/' denotes deposition sequence) contacts were deposited on Al-implanted 4H-SiC for ohmic contact formation, and the conduction properties were characterized and compared with those of Ni-only contacts. The thicknesses of the Ni and Al thin film were 30 nm and 300 nm, respectively, and the films were sequentially deposited bye-beam evaporation without vacuum breaking. Rapid thermal anneal (RTA) temperature was varied as follows : $840^{\circ}C$, $890^{\circ}C$, and $940^{\circ}C$. The specific contact resistivity of the Ni contact was about $^{\sim}2\;{\pm}\;10^{-2}\;{\Omega}{\cdot}cm^2$, However, with the addition of Al overlayer, the specific contact resistivity decreased to about $^{\sim}2\;{\pm}\;10^{-4}\;{\Omega}{\cdot}cm^2$, almost irrespective of RTA temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the Ni contact confirmed the existence of various Ni silicide phases, while the results of Ni/Al contact samples revealed that Al-contaning phases such as $Al_3Ni$, $Al_3Ni_2$, $Al_4Ni_3$, and $Ab_{3.21}Si_{0.47}$ were additionally formed as well as the Ni silicide phases. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) spectrum showed interfacial reaction zone mainly consisting of Al and Si at the contact interface, and it was also shown that considerable amounts of Si and C have diffused toward the surface. This indicates that contact resistance lowering of the Ni/Al contacts is related with the formation of the formation of interfacial reaction zone containing Al and Si. From these results, possible mechanisms of contact resistance lowering by the addition of Al were discussed.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.44 no.10
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• pp.49-54
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• 2007

As digital contents based on 3D graphics are increased, the requirement for low power 3D graphic hardware for mobile devices is increased. We design a transformation engine for mobile 3D graphic processor. We propose a simplified transformation engine for mobile 3D graphic processor. The area of the transformation engine is reduced by merging a mapping transformation unit into a projective transformation unit and by replacing a clipping unit with a selection unit. It consists of a viewing transformation unit a projective transformation unit a divide by w nit, and a selection unit. It can process 32 bit floating point format of the IEEE-754 standard or a reduced 24 bit floating point format. It has a pipelined architecture so that a vertex is processed every 4 cycles except for the initial latency. The RTL code is verified using an FPGA.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.1625-1631
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• 2005

This paper describes an optimization of a language model and an acoustic model that improve the ability of speech recognition with Korean nit digit. Recognition errors of the language model are decreasing by analysis of the grammatical feature of korean unit digits, and then is made up of fsn-node with a disyllable. Acoustic model make use of demi-syllable pair to decrease recognition errors by inaccuracy division of a phone, a syllable because of a monosyllable, a short pronunciation and an articulation. we have used the k-means clustering algorithm with the transformed successive state splining in feature level for the efficient modelling of the feature of recognition unit . As a result of experimentations, $10.5\%$ recognition rate is raised in the case of the proposed language model. The demi-syllable pair with an acoustic model increased $12.5\%$ recognition rate and $1.5\%$ recognition rate is improved in transformed successive state splitting.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.29 no.5 s.101
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• pp.457-464
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• 2005

Database integration has been recognized as a critical issue for effective logistics service in logistics environment. However, research related to effective methodology for this have been little studied, and also, prominent achievements have yet to be suggested. The aim of this paper is to present a quantitative methodology for the identification of conflict that is a representative problem on database integration. To achieve this aim, we suggested a quantitative methodology that can efficiently fine troubles such as name conflicts when schema integration, based on the level of semantic similarity between attributes and entities. And, in order to measure these semantic similarities, we used a thesaurus dictionary that proposed previous research. Finally, we presented effectiveness of the proposed methodology through some typical examples.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.248-258
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• 2017

A study was carried out to observe the 1% aqueous safranine solution flow speed in longitudinal and radial directions of softwood Thuja orientalis L., diffuse-porous wood Gmelina arborea Roxb., and ring-porous wood Phellodendron amurense Rupr., Longitudinal flow was considered from bottom to top while the radial flow was considered from bark to pith directions. In radial direction, ray cells and in longitudinal direction tracheids, vessel and wood fiber were considered for the measurement of liquid penetration speed at less than 12% moisture contents(MC). The variation of penetration speed for different species was observed and the reasons behind for this variation were explored. The highest radial penetration depth was found in ray parenchyma of T. orientalis but the lowest one was found in ray parenchyma of P. amurense. The average liquid penetration depth in longitudinal trachied of T. orientalis was found the highest among all the other cells. The penetration depth in fiber of G. arborea was found the lowest among the other longitudinal cells. It was found that cell dimension and also meniscus angle of safranine solution with cell walls were the prime factors for the variation of liquid flow speed in wood. Vessel was found to facilitate prime role in longitudinal penetration for hardwood species. The penetration depth in vessel of G. arborea was found highest among all vessels. Anatomical features like ray parenchyma cell length and diameter, end-wall pits number were found also responsible fluid flow differences. Initially liquid penetration speed was high and the nit gradually decreased in an uneven rate. Liquid flow was captured via video and the penetration depths in those cells were measured. It was found that even in presence of abundant rays in hardwood species, penetration depth of liquid in radial direction of softwood species was found high. Herein the ray length, lumen area, end wall pit diameter determined the radial permeability. On the other hand, vessel and fiber structure affected the longitudinal flow of liquids. Following a go-stop-go cycle, the penetration speed of a liquid decreased over time.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.493-500
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• 2005

Polyhydroxyamides(PHAs) having poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether (MPEG) and/or dimethylphenoxy pendant groups were synthesized by solution polycondensation at low temperature. The inherent viscosities of the PHAs measured at $35^{\circ}C$ in DMAC or DMAc/LiCl solution were in the range of $0.51\~2.31dL/g$. This precursor polymers were studied by FT-IR, $1H-NMR$, DSC, and TGA. Solubility of the precursors with higher MPEG unit was increased, especially the polymer having MPEG $(M_n=1100)$ was soluble or partially soluble in ethanol, methanol, and water as well as aprotic solvents, but the PBOs were nearly insoluble in a variety of solvents. PHAs were converted to polybenzoxazoles (PBOs) by thermal cyclization reaction with heat of endotherm. In case of the precursors having MPEG nit, the precursor polymers with a higher $M_n$ were fully cyclized at a lower temperature than one with a lower $M_n$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.431-431
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• 2010

본 논문은 기존의 수은 형광 램프와 LED를 대체할 수 있는 무 수은 면광원의 방전 가스 조성 변화(He, Ne, Ar, Xe)에 따른 전기 광학 특성에 관한 연구이다.[1]~[4] 무 수은 면광원의 기본 구조는 그림 1과 같이 방전 공간 내에 유전체에 의해 방전 공간과 분리된 한 쌍의 평행한 전극으로 이루어져 있다. 그리고 방전 공간 내면에는 일정한 두께와 형상을 가지는 형광체가 도포되어 있고 주 전극의 반대 평판유리 외벽에 보조전극을 형성하였다. 방전을 발생시키기 위한 기본적인 구동 방법은 5~25kHz의 주파수와 $0.7{\sim}1.5{\mu}s$의 폭을 가지는 사각 펄스를 사용한다.[4] 그림 2는 Ne-Xe 가스를 기본으로 하여 He 첨가에 따른 전기 광학 특성을 보여준다. He 첨가량이 증가할수록 동작 전압이 높아지면서 방전 개시와 동시에 수축 방전으로 전이되는 형태를 보이며, 효율 또한 감소함을 보였다. 이것은 무 수은 면광원에서는 높은 He의 이차전자 방출 계수보다 He의 높은 이온화 에너지가 더 크게 작용하기 때문이라 생각된다. 그림 3은 Ne-Xe 가스를 기본으로 하여 Ar 첨가에 따른 특성을 보여준다. He과는 다르게 Ar 첨가량이 증가할수록 동작 전압 마진이 넓어진다. 그러나 동작 전압이 상승하고, 효율 역시 감소하는 단점이 있다. 이것은 Ar은 Ne에 비해 이온화 에너지가 낮지만 Ar-Xe 조합은 Penning 효과를 얻을 수 있는 혼합 가스가 아니며, Ar의 2차전자 방출 계수 역시 Ne에 비해 낮기 때문에 결과적으로 방전 전압은 상승하고 효율이 감소하는 결과를 보여준다. 그러므로 무 수은 면광원에서 낮은 구동 전압과 높은 휘도 효율을 얻기 위해서는 Ne-Xe 가스조건이 가장 적합한 가스 조건이다. 효율 개선을 위해서는 Ne-Xe 가스 조건에서 압력을 높이거나 높은 Xe 함량의 가스 조성비를 사용하여 자외선 발광원인 Xe 가스량을 높이는 방법이 가장 유리하다. 그림 4는 Ne-Xe 가스 조건에서 Xe 가스량을 높이면 효율이 증가하는 경향성을 보여준다. 가스 최적화 연구와 더불어 형광체 최적화 연구[5]를 통해서 Ne-Xe25% 100Torr 가스 조건에서 그림 5와 같은 19,000nit의 높은 휘도와 75lm/W의 고 효율 특성을 얻을 수 있었다.