• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.239-247
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• 2017

현재 임상에서 적용되고 있는 대표적인 당뇨 진단 기준에는 표준검사법인 경구당부하검사, 공복혈당, 당화혈색소가 있다. 그러나, 검사별로 판정이 일치하지 않는 경우가 많다. 본 연구에서는 선별검사에서 행해지는 공복혈당과 당화혈색소를 이용하여 당뇨병 판정의 일치도를 구해보고, 유형별로 그 특성을 살펴 보았다. 국민건강영양조사 데이터(2015) 중 측정치 누락자, 당뇨병 기진단자, 공복 8시간 미만인 자를 제외한 20세 이상 대상자 4,502명(남성 1,956명, 여성 2,546명)의 자료를 이용하였다. 공복혈당과 당화혈색소 농도를 당뇨병 진단기준의 세 범주(정상, 당뇨병 전단계, 당뇨병)로 나누어 살펴본 남성 대상자의 분포에서 공복혈당 100 mg/dL~125 mg/dL이면서 HbA1c ${\geq}6.5%$인 대상자는 664명 중 23명, 새롭게 진단된 당뇨군 86명 중 39명은 공복혈당 ${\geq}126mg/dL$ 이면서 HbA1c < 6.5%로 나타났다. 판정의 일치율은 비당뇨군 80.3% 당뇨군 54.7%, 당뇨병 전단계에서 44.9%로 가장 낮았다. 코헨의 kappa 값은 남성의 경우 0.322, 여성의 경우 0.362로 일치도가 낮게 나타났고, 두 범주(비당뇨병, 당뇨병)로 나누었을 때 남성의 경우 0.582, 여성의 경우 0.637로 나타나 더 높은 일치도를 보였다. 공복혈당 <126 mg/dL이며 HbA1c < 6.5%인 군에서 연령도 낮고 대부분의 혈액 측정치도 낮게 나타났으며, 공복혈당 ${\geq}126mg/dL$ 이면서 HbA1c ${\geq}6.5%$인 군에서 남성의 경우 허리둘레, 혈압, 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방의 수치가 높고 여성의 경우 ALT, hsCRP가 높게 나타났다. 남녀 모두 공복혈당 ${\geq}126mg/dL$인 군에서 인슐린저항성 지표인 HOMA IR값이 유의하게 높았고, <126 mg/dL인 군에서 인슐린감수성 지표인 QUICKI 값이 유의하게 높았다. 당뇨병 판정의 낮은 일치도 및 진단검사의 특성을 고려하여 관련검사의 병행 해석이 필요하다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.114-124
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• 2021

Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the interaction effects of individual socioeconomic status and regional deprivation on the onset of diabetes complications and diabetes-related hospitalization among type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: Korean National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort data from 2002 to 2013 were used. A total of 50,954 patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes from 2004 to 2012 and aged 30 years or above were included. We classified patients into six groups according to individual income level and neighborhood deprivation: 'high in advantaged,' 'high in disadvantaged,' 'middle in advantaged,' 'middle in disadvantaged,' 'low in advantaged,' and 'low in disadvantaged.' We calculated hazard ratios (HR) of onset of diabetes complication and diabetes-related hospitalization using the Cox proportional hazard model, with the reference group as diabetes patients with high income in advantaged regions. Results: In terms of the interaction effects of individual income level and regional socioeconomic level, even with the same low individual income level, the group with a high regional socioeconomic level (low in advantaged) showed low HRs for the onset of diabetes complication (HR, 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-1.08) compared to the 'low in disadvantaged' group (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.05-1.16). In addition, the 'high in advantaged' group showed slightly higher HRs for the onset of diabetes complication (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.00-1.11) compared to the 'low in advantaged' and it appeared to be associated with slight mitigation of the risk of diabetes complication. For the low-income level, the patients in disadvantaged regions showed the highest HRs for diabetes-related hospitalization (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.19-1.41) compared to the other groups. Conclusion: Although we need to perform further investigations to reveal the mechanisms that led to our results, interaction effects individual socioeconomic status and regional deprivation might be associated with on onset of diabetes complications and diabetes-related hospitalization among type 2 diabetes patients.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권11호
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• pp.1110-1115
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• 2007

목 적 : 특별한 원인 없이 발생하는 특발성 중추성 요붕증 중에서 일부는 후에 뇌종양이 발견된다. 이에 저자들은 요붕증 진단 시 특발성 중추성 요붕증으로 진단 받은 20명의 환자들에서 임상적, 방사선학적, 그리고 내분비학적 경과를 추적 관찰하여 기질성 원인으로의 진행 유무를 예측할 수 있는 지표가 있는지 연구하였다. 방 법 : 1984년 1월부터 2006년 12월까지 서울대학교병원에서 중추성 요붕증으로 진단 받았던 환자들 중 뇌 자기공명영상에서 뚜렷한 기질적 원인의 증거가 없었던 20명의 환자들에서 후향적으로 임상소견과 검사소견을 검토하였다. 중추성 요붕증 진단 시 뇌종양, 선천성 중추신경계 기형이 있는 경우는 제외시켰다. 결 과 : 남아 15명, 여아 5명이었고, 진단 시 평균 연령은 $7.8{\pm}3.6$(2.1-14.7)세로, 야뇨증이 11명, 두통이 4명, 구토가 2명에서 있었다. 평균 추적관찰 기간은 $8.6{\pm}5.1$(1.5-18)년 이었다. 추적관찰 도중 뇌종양으로 진단 받은 환자는 6명(30%)이었다(생식세포종 5명, 랑게르한스 조직구증 1명; 추적기간 $2.6{\pm}2.1$년). 성장호르몬결핍증은 10명(50%)에서 관찰되었다. 복합 뇌하수체전엽호르몬결핍은 뇌종양 환자군에서 비뇌종양 환자군에서보다 더 높은 빈도로 관찰되었다(60% vs. 7%, P=0.037). 진단 시 뇌하수체 줄기 비후는 9명(47%), 뇌하수체 후엽 신호 소실은 9명(47%)에서 관찰되었으며, 추적 중 새롭게 뇌하수체 줄기 비후가 생긴 3명의 환자 모두에서 뇌종양이 발생하였다. 결 론 : 특발성 중추성 요붕증 환자의 일부는 추적관찰 중 뇌종양을 발견할 수 있는데, 특히 복합 뇌하수체전엽호르몬결핍증이 동반되거나, 뇌하수체 줄기 비후가 새롭게 발생하는 경우에는 더욱 세심한 뇌종양에 대한 추적관찰이 필요하다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제61권7호
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• pp.217-220
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• 2018

Purpose: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic and immune-mediated disease, which is characterized by the progressive destruction of pancreatic beta cells. T1DM precipitates in genetically susceptible individuals through environmental factors. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of autoimmunity and intestinal colonization of Candida albicans on the development of T1DM. Methods: Forty-two patients newly diagnosed with T1DM and 42 healthy subjects were included in this monocentric study. The basic and clinical characteristics of the patients were recorded. T1DM-, thyroid-, and celiac-associated antibodies were evaluated. Stool cultures for C. albicans were performed to assess whether or not gut integrity was impaired in patients with T1DM. Results: The evaluation of T1DM- and thyroid-associated antibodies showed that the prevalences of islet cell antibodies and antithyroperoxidase positivity were higher in the study patients than in the patients in the control group. Furthermore, the direct examination and culture of fresh stool samples revealed that 50% of the patients with T1DM and 23.8% of the control subjects had fungi (C. albicans). Conclusion: Through this study, we suggest that the presence of intestinal C. albicans colonization at the time of the diagnosis of T1DM may indicate impairment of normal intestinal microbiota. We also suggest that there may be a tendency of T1DM in patients with a high prevalence of intestinal C. albicans.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.817-827
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to identify latent classes based on major modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease. Methods: This was a secondary analysis using data from the electronic medical records of 2,022 patients, who were newly diagnosed with coronary artery disease at a university medical center, from January 2010 to December 2015. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 for descriptive analysis and Mplus version 7.4 for latent class analysis. Results: Four latent classes of risk factors for coronary artery disease were identified in the final model: 'smoking-drinking', 'high-risk for dyslipidemia', 'high-risk for metabolic syndrome', and 'high-risk for diabetes and malnutrition'. The likelihood of these latent classes varied significantly based on socio-demographic characteristics, including age, gender, educational level, and occupation. Conclusion: The results showed significant heterogeneity in the pattern of risk factors for coronary artery disease. These findings provide helpful data to develop intervention strategies for the effective prevention of coronary artery disease. Specific characteristics depending on the subpopulation should be considered during the development of interventions.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제62권6호
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• pp.540-544
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• 2007

폐농양의 치료 중에 발생하는 기질화 폐렴은 흔하게 관찰 되는 소견은 아니다. 기질화 폐렴은 특별한 원인 없이 발생하기도 하지만, 감염의 치료 과정에서 이차적 기질화 폐렴이 발생 할 수도 있다. 본 증례는 62세 남자 환자에서 폐농양을 치료하는 과정에서 발생한 기질화 폐렴을 경기관지 폐생검을 통해 확인하고 부신피질 호르몬을 투여로 효과적으로 치료한 예를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2003

Although the idea that obese people consume higher calorie diets is widely accepted, many dietary surveys have shown that obese people do NOT consume larger amounts of energy. We had an opportunity to study the relationship between calorie intake and obesity in Korea from the data contained in the '98 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of Korea. The survey was executed nationwide for two months - from Nov. 1 to Dec.30 in 1998. The survey included 10,876 (aged >10 years) subjects of whom 9,771 underwent health examinations. Surveyors visited each household and checked health status, measured anthropometry and blood pressures, collected blood and urine samples, and interviewed from the health questionnaires. Well-trained dietitians evaluated the food consumption of 11,525 subjects over the age of 1 year with the 24-hour recall method. The number of subjects from whom a complete health examination and food consumption information was obtained was 8,004. Subjects were classified by BMI (< 20, 20-22, 22-24, 24-26, 26-28, 28 $\leq$) and into newly diagnosed patients with DM (FBS $\geq$ 126 mg/㎗), hypertension (SBP $\geq$ 140 mmHg or DBP $\geq$ 90 mmHg) and hyperlipidemia (Total cholesterol $\geq$ 220 mg/㎗ or TG $\geq$ 200 mg/㎗). Our main results were as following：1) their average energy intake was 2,029.6 $\pm$ 908.5 ㎉ and BMI is 22.6 $\pm$ 3.4 kg/$m^2$；2) a comparison of nutrient intakes by BMI level did not show a significant difference of energy intake even though BMI increased (BMI, < 20： 1,999 ㎉ ∼ 28 $\leq$： 2,028 ㎉)；and 3) Even in newly diagnosed patients with diabetes, hypertension or hyperlipidemia, their energy consumption was not significantly increased as BMI increased (from BMI 20). There are several possible explanations for these results：1) Reduced physical activity caused the weight of obese people to increase even with the same energy intake；2) people underreported their energy consumption；or, people intentionally reduced their energy consumption due to self-image regarding their obesity. We might also hypothesize that there is a metabolic problem conceiving obese people, because calorie intake was not higher in obese people than in non-obese people in Korea. Further research is necessary for re-evaluating these current conclusions.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.621-636
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The Seoul Metabolic Syndrome Management (SMESY) program is a 1-yr lifestyle modification program targeting metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Seoul residents. This study investigated the associations between adherence to dietary guidelines and MetS among the SMESY program participants. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data of 54,385 participants aged 20-64 yrs who completed the SMESY program in 2015, had information on adherence to dietary guidelines, and were not medicated for diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia were analyzed. Participants underwent MetS screening and completed a lifestyle questionnaire including adherence to 10 dietary guidelines before and after participation. Participants were classified according to the number of MetS risk factors at baseline (MetS group, ≥ 3; risk group, 1-2; healthy group, none). Adherence to dietary guidelines was determined from the number of "yes" responses regarding the fulfillment of each guideline on ≥ 5 days/week. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between newly diagnosed MetS and changes in adherence to dietary guidelines. RESULTS: In the MetS group, MetS prevalence decreased after the SMESY program (men, -41.9%p; women, -48.7%p), and all risk factors were significantly improved (P < 0.0001). All groups exhibited improved adherence to all dietary guidelines after participation (P < 0.0001). In the MetS group with positively changed adherence scores, the MetS prevalence decreased by -44.1%p for men and -49.5%p for women, whereas the prevalence in those with negative changes decreased by -38.1%p for men and -48.6%p for women. In the risk group, those with positively changed adherence scores had significantly decreased odds ratios (ORs) for newly diagnosed MetS compared with those with negative changes (OR, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61-0.80 for men; OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.79-0.99 for women). CONCLUSIONS: The SMESY program may effectively reduce the risk of MetS among adults with risk factors by improving adherence to dietary guidelines.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.414-419
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• 2010

목 적 : 제 1형 당뇨병에서 보이는 자가 항체와 질환의 진행에 따른 변화와의 관계는 여러 연구에서 보고되었고, 항체가가 높을수록 진행의 정도가 급격하였다. 따라서 진단 당시에 시행한 자가 항체의 발현 여부에 따라 임상 발현 정도가 다를 것으로 생각하여, 자가 항체 유무에 따라 임상 양상과 검사 소견의 차이가 있는지를 확인하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1999년 4월부터 2008년 3월까지 3개 대학병원에 내원하여 제 1형 당뇨병으로 진단받은 18세 미만 환자 중 처음 진단 당시에 췌장 자가 항체인 GADA 혹은 IAA의 검사를 시행하였던 96명에서 진단 당시 시행한 혈액 검사 및 임상 양상을 항체 그룹에 따라 나누어 비교 분석하였다. 결 과 : GADA는 87명의 환자에서 검사가 이루어 졌고, 이 중 48명(55.2%)에서 양성을 보였다. IAA는 88명 중 35명(39.8%)이 양성을 보였다. 두가지 항체를 모두 검사한 환자는 83명이었고, 이 중 22.8%에서 두 항체가 모두 검출되었고, 38.6%에서는 모두 음성을 보였다. 1가지 이상의 항체를 갖는 환자군에서는 음성군에 비해 비교적 어린 나이에 당뇨병이 발생하였고, 낮은 BMI, 낮은 혈청 교정 Na 수치 및 낮은 혈청 오스몰농도를 보였다(P <0.05). 자가 항체 중 GADA 양성군과 음성군 사이의 검사소견 상에서도 같은 차이를 보였다. 그러나 IAA 항체 유무에 따른 비교에서는 발생 연령이외는 두 군사이에 임상 및 검사소견상 유의한 차이를 볼 수 없었다. 결 론 : 항체 양성군과 음성군 사이에서 보이는 대사적 결과의 차이는 비교적 적었으나 GADA와 IAA 항체의 양성율은 어린 연령에서 높았다. 따라서 비교적 어린 연령에 발생하는 1형 당뇨병에서는 질환을 처음으로 진단할 때자가 항체 유무를 확인하고, 만약 항체가 확인되면 향후 집중적인 인슐린 치료를 시행하여 보다 좋은 예후를 유도하는데 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2011

Objective: Due to longer life spans, patients newly diagnosed with unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) are increasing in number. This study aimed to evaluate how management of UIAs in patients age 65 years and older affects the clinical outcomes and post-procedural morbidity rates in these patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 109 patients harboring 136 aneurysms across 12 years, between 1997 and 2009, at our institute. We obtained the following data from all patients: age, sex, location and size of the aneurysm(s), presence of symptoms, risk factors for stroke, treatment modality, and postoperative 1-year morbidity and mortality. We classified these patients into three groups: Group A (surgical clipping), Group B (coil embolization), and Group C (observation only). Results: Among the 109 patients, 56 (51.4%) underwent clipping treatment, 25 (23%) patients were treated with coiling, and 28 observation only. The overall morbidity and mortality rates were 2.46% and 0%, respectively. The morbidity rate was 1.78% for Clipping and 4% for coiling. Factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, and family history of stroke were correlated with unfavorable outcomes. Two in the observation group refused follow-up and died of intracranial ruptured aneurysms. The observation group had a 7% mortality rate. Conclusion: Our results show acceptable favorable outcome of treatment-related morbidity comparing with the natural history of unruptured cerebral aneurysm. Surgical clipping did not lead to inferior outcomes in our study, although coil embolization is generally more popular for treating elderly patients, In the treatment of patients more than 65 years old, age is not the limiting factor.