• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2000

Electronic commerce on the network requires a new payment system, electronic cash that carries digitalized information of cash. The new system, however, demands the security and privacy because electronic cash is different from real cash in that it can be easily duplicated, forged, or traced. Therefore, electronic cash system should be guaranteed security and privacy to be used as a new payment mechanism with assurance. First, this paper analyzes the existing electronic cash system involving electronic coins, divisible electronic bills, and electronic license. Then the paper proposes a new electronic cash system which claims to be more efficient in the amount of communication and computation. Finally, this study attempts to solve the problem of electronic license.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.71-79
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• 2014

Objectives of this study are to investigate transition history of pharmacist license examination in Korea and to compare three suggestions for new examination system proposed by National Health Personnel Licensing Examination Board, Korean Association of Pharmacy Education, and Korean Pharmaceutical Association. Future task to help the examination system meet global standard is also discussed. Regulations on the examination system were retrieved from the sources posted in Ministry of Government Legislation homepage. Efforts devoted by the three organizations to make amendment on the regulations were collected from reports, official documents, minutes, and handout materials issued by the organizations. Ministry of Health and Welfare made amendment on the examination system in 2013 by rearranging the existing natural science-based eleven subjects to two subjects along with addition of a new subject named clinical-practical pharmacy. Unfortunately, however, the amendment stipulates that the new subject should include manufacturing and quality control of pharmaceuticals as part of contents in the examination. It is strongly urged that the contents of the examination should focus on professional competency as pharmacist in clinical situation. Future task to make revision on this issue is warranted to help new pharmacist enable to provide pharmaceutical care service to patients.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.455-458
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• 2001

In this paper, a new license plate recognition method using the morphological size distribution functions and color images is proposed. The proposed method consists of two steps. The first step is license plate extraction process using the plate color and step edge information in the license plate. The second step is the extraction of character feature vectors using the morphological size distribution functions and character recognition process using the MLP(multilayer perceptron). By the use of morphological size distributions functions, the error that may occur during the character region extraction process is lessened and the recognition performances are improved by the decrease of feature vector dimension.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.49-54
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• 2014

This paper proposes a new color segmentation method of vehicle license plates in the RGB color space. Firstly, the proposed method shifts the histogram of an input image rightwards and then stretches the image of the histogram slide. Secondly, the method separates each of the three RGB color components and performs the adaptive threshold processing with the three components, respectively. Finally, it combines the three components under the condition of making up a segment color and removes noises with the morphological processing. The proposed method is implemented using C language in an embedded Linux system for a high-speed real-time image processing. Experiments were conducted by using real vehicle images. The results show that the proposed algorithm is successful for most vehicle images. However, the method fails in some vehicles when the body and the license plate have the same color.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.190-203
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• 2015

Free and open source software (FOSS) has created a large pool of source codes that can be easily copied to create new applications. However, a copy should preserve copyright notice and license of the original file unless the license explicitly permits such a change. Through software evolution, it is challenging to keep original licenses or choose proper licenses. As a result, there are many potential license violations. Despite the fact that violations can have high impact on protecting copyright, identification of violations is highly complex. It relies on manual inspections by experts. However, such inspection cannot be scaled up with open source software released daily worldwide. To make this process scalable, we propose the following two methods: use machine-based algorithms to narrow down the potential violations; and guide non-experts to manually inspect violations. Using the first method, we found 219 projects (76.6%) with potential violations. Using the second method, we show that the accuracy of crowds is comparable to that of experts. Our techniques might help developers identify potential violations, understand the causes, and resolve these violations.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.166-171
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• 2009

In recent years, video detection systems have been implemented in various infrastructures such as airport, public transportation, power generation system, water dam and so on. Recognizing moving objects in video sequence is an important problem in computer vision, with applications in several fields, such as video surveillance and target tracking. Segmentation and tracking of multiple vehicles in crowded situations is made difficult by inter-object occlusion. In the system described in this paper, the mean shift algorithm is firstly used to filter and segment a color vehicle image in order to get candidate regions. These candidate regions are then analyzed and classified in order to decide whether a candidate region contains a license plate or not. And then some characters in the license plate is recognized by using the fuzzy ARTMAP neural network, which is a relatively new architecture of the neural network family and has the capability to learn incrementally unlike the conventional BP network. We finally design a license plate recognition system using the mean shift algorithm and fuzzy ARTMAP neural network and show its performance via some computer simulations.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.952-955
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• 2005

In the early 90's, we had serious shortage of construction engineers in Korea. The shortage was acute especially in construction quality control and supervision area, which were gaining social attention due to the road bridge and the department store collapse that took the hundreds of lives in the early 90's in Seoul, Korea. In order to meet the high demand of construction engineers, the engineering license regulations were changed in 1995. Engineers who did not pass the written exam but have equivalent working experience are given engineering license to practice engineering legally. Since year 2000, while the severe engineer-shortage has been resolved, the opposite situation has occurred: there is serious over-supply of construction engineers. Policy makers and engineering practitioners are agreed to bring back the old-fashioned written exam engineer licensing system like before 1995, i.e., no more written exam exemption. However, the engineers who obtained license without taking written exam may not want to go back to old policy which would take their license. It is required to provide appropriate grace period before the new policy takes effect to minimize the impact of the changes. This paper forecasts the supply-demand of construction engineers providing the basis for the most appropriate policy changes.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.69-85
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• 2002

Reduction of fishing grounds, which was caused by the recent fisheries agreements between Korea, Japan, and China, Is Increasing the important of coastal fisheries. Korea's coastal fisheries, however, need special management measures owing to the following problems. First, there are too many fishing fleets even though fisheries resources are continuously decreasing. Despite the fact that some of the fishing vessels have been scrapped, there still remain too many vessels and especially approximately 27,000 vessels increased during 1997-1998. Second, as the condition of fisheries resources changed radically, many fishermen are fishing by methods which they were not permitted to. These fishing methods cannot be legally supported and so there is a huge gap between the system and the reality, Third, two or three licenses are given to each coastal fishing vessel because a single license cannot give sufficient income, but some of these are formally acquired. So under such circumstances, efficient management of fisheries is impossible. Fourth, absence of demarcation among regions and industries is causing frequent conflicts and there are concerns about the decreasing fisheries resources due to competitive fishing practices. Therefore, considering the above mentioned problems Korea's coastal fisheries management should be developed as the following: First, new licenses should be limited while expanding the buy-back program. The government is currently planning to limit new licenses by introducing the fixed license number system in coastal fisheries but is somewhat passive about the buy-back program. Second, fisheries management which is based on self-regulation should be established. In order to increase the effect of fisheries management, the fishermen should decide by themselves the fish and fishing methods they would be exploiting and directly regulate them. Third, it is necessary to integrate the licenses of coastal fisheries. Since coastal fisheries management through the license system has distinct limitations, it is preferable to unify risking licenses and let the fishermen decide specific matters on their own. Finally, it is necessary to establish boundaries among the regions and industries. Joint fishing areas among regions(cities and provinces) should be established and fishing in other areas should be permitted on condition of paying the required fees. On the other hand, it is also necessary to permit coastal fishing only within certain distances.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.1265-1272
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• 2015

This study aims at comparison and analyzing of marine officer license system for fishing vessels between South Korea and New Zealand. It is urgently required to establish Republic of Korea-New Zealand mutual certification system for marine officers who are on board ships within applicable area given that New Zealand will force foreign fishing vessels within New Zealand area to reflag from 2016 in accordance with the amendment of Fisheries Act. Secondly, to compare and analyze systems between two countries will contribute to the preparatory work related to ratification STCW-F convention as New Zealand already have completed law amendment to adapt the convention. Maritime law of New Zealand, Seafarers Act and Ship Personnel Act of Republic of Korea were compared and analyzed as references. The result showed that an improvement to corresponding level to the international convention and development of safety training by vessel type, and job descriptions according to the license class are needed to Republic of Korea system. Furthermore, it is suggested to prepare specialized training for deckhands as required in STCW-F convention and standard fishing vessel officer training record for designated institute of education. Therefore institutional complementarity and framework is required as it is expected that the nations of fishing in piscary demand to reflag Korean deep-sea fishing vessels or to ratify the STCW-F convention.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.86-94
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• 2005

Purpose: This study investigated the Korean nurses' international migration to provide the basic data for establishing plans of supply and demand for nurses and the status of Korean nurses' application for foreign nurse licenses and overseas employment. Method: The subjects were 5.447 nurses who requested English written nurse license to the Ministry of Health and Welfare for the application of foreign nurse license examinations and overseas employment. Human Resources Development of Korea provided documents of nurses migrated to Saudi Arabia. Data were collected from December, 2002 to July, 2003 and analyzed by using descriptive statistics. Result: The total applicants for foreign nurse license were 3,149 for 2 years. In the year 2001, 1.129 nurses applied, 2,020 nurses in the year 2002. Out of 3,149 total subjects, 2,705(85.9%)nurses applied for U. S. A. nurse license. Eighty percent of the applicants of the U. S. A. nurse license examination applied for the New York states. The number of applicants for Canada was 215(6.8%), followed by Australia 88(2.8%), U. K. 86(2.7%), and New Zealand 45(1.4%). Average age of the applicants was 31, 49.0% of them were in their twenties. Three year college graduates accounted for 64.1% B.S.N. 33.9%. Applicants graduated from universities or colleges of Seoul area were 37.3%, followed by Daegu. The total number of nurses employed overseas were 1,291 during 2001 and 2002. Seven hundred thirty eight nurses(57.2%) were employed in the U. S. A.. Average age was 34, 60.9% were 3year college graduates, nurses graduated from Seoul area were 44.9%. No one applied for Saudi Arabian nurse license, 172 nurses were employed during 1999 and 2002, 39.5% of them were in their thirties. Conclusion: The results of this study shows relatively young and experienced nurses have intention to migrate internationally and they actually migrate to other countries. Comparing the number of nurses migrating to other country with the number of newly issued nurse licenses in Korea every year. the percentage of overseas employment was relatively high. To cope with Korean nurses international migration. new policy to monitor the status of nurse's international migration and an institution to deal with the affairs should be established. And the further study is needed to measure nurse's competence and influencing factors of Korean nurses employed in the U. S. A.