• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.138-156
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• 2021

The aim of this article is to describe direction of Sino-Russian relations toward a new epoch - as the decision-making centers of both countries define them - indicating the commitment to building the future international order. It includes the synthesis of evolution of relations, descriptions of cooperation building of mutual confidence by both sides in variety of institutions; analyses of geo-economic relations emphasizing their geostrategic dimension and finally dynamics showing how two great powers want to achieve new areas of cooperation focused on building multipolar world order which is the essence of "new epoch". The argument goes towards recognizing the relationship as a "hhybrid alliance". This hybridity is a structural factor that can constrain the use of new dimensions of asymmetric interdependence as political leverage especially by United States against the two non-western powers but also facilitate to use it against West.

• 해운
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• 6호통권5호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2004

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2022

The formation of a new world order is primarily caused by new conditions and military operations on the European continent. The intensification of military-political tension led to the formation of new centers of power and gravity, which in turn led to the concentration of weapons and general militarization. Changes in the world order as a result of military conflicts and an increase in hot spots in the world, an increase in threats and the formation of centers of military gravity, the inability of existing institutions to resolve the situation lead to the need to develop new security mechanisms. Studies show that in the current situation, the countries of the Baltic countries are especially actively increasing their level of technologization of the army and militarization in general. The creation of any alliance is always conditioned by the presence of external threats. Naturally, the increase in the number of threats creates preconditions for the development of new forms of cooperation within existing military alliances. It seems obvious that due to the current situation in the context of the military conflict and military aggression of Russia in Ukraine, as well as its constant threats, including to the Baltic countries, there is a need to form a certain alliance that can protect the eastern border of Europe and form a certain border between European countries and aggressor countries. The Baltic countries are actively involved in these processes, in addition, it is the Baltic countries that can enter the new military alliance proposed by Britain, which will unite Poland, Ukraine, the Baltic countries and, possibly, Great Britain.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2017

Purpose - The purpose of the paper is to examine shipping markets exposed on severe competition after Lehman Brothers crisis in 2008, and look for some alternatives to get it over. Research design, data, and methodology - The research method to be applied is first to look into world economic situations, and then to investigate supply and demand of shipping markets, and strategic alliances as alternatives, which lead to some implication and lessons. Results - After the fierce world economic situations after Lehman Brothers crisis in U.S, it has shown that world economic output and growth is not like that of previous years. It is periods of new normal. Then, shipping has been influenced by less trade volumes and, however, shipping capacity has reached to overcapacity in supply terms. Therefore rates down is clear, and it should be needed new way of getting it over market situations. In this sense, strategic alliance is answer for overcoming difficult markets. Conclusions - From the careful look at all situations, such as world economic situation, supply and demand of shipping market, deep understanding for strategic alliances of shipping, it has reached to conclusion that strategic alliance is only answer for difficult shipping markets.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.311-322
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• 2011

The core of this research studies the strategic alliance of airlines, container shipping liners, and port operators that have shown successful results through the recent differentiated strategic Alliance Network, although a difference of scale exists between these firms and the small and mid-sized International Logistics firms, but because of the worldwide traditional Alliance Network of International Logistics firms, HTFN's(High Tech Forwarder Network) half hearted attitude and the small scale alliance of the small and mid-sized International Logistics firms organized in 1998 cannot breakthrough the present strenuous situation. And these results, creating an attempt to save our country's International Logistics Industry which have fallen into depression, suggests an awakening of a new strategy based on specialized nationals innovative IT-which does not exist in the world market-by categorizing our country's small and mid-sized International Logistics firms which are active worldwide.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제25권
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• pp.7-40
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• 2004

오늘날 핵에너지 갈등은 방사능 물질의 위험성에서 비롯된다. 이 갈등의 주체는 핵에너지를 결정한 정치 및 경제체계와 이를 반대하는 해당 주민들 및 반핵 환경단체들이다. 그러나 핵폐기물의 국가간 이동 시 다국적 반핵단체가 갈등 주체로 나타난다. 우리는 이러한 국내적 초국가적 모험 커뮤니케이션을 신 사회운동이라고 부른다. 체계이론적인 관점에서 신 사회운동은 모험사회에서 돈과 권력과 같은 "상징적으로 일반화된 커뮤니케이션 매체"에 의한 "커뮤니케이션의 기술화"에 저항하는 집단적 공세적 자기관계의 전개라고 할 수 있다. 핵에너지 갈등은 동북아시아와 유럽을 비교했을 때 핵폐기장 입지선정과 관련해서는 별 차이가 없었다. 동북아시아에서 대만이 북한에 핵폐기물을 수출하려고 했을 때 국제적 갈등이 일어났다. 유럽에서 독일은 플루토늄을 생산하는 폐연료봉 재처리장 건설과 핵폐기물의 국가간 이동의 문제로 큰 갈등을 겪었다. 신 사회운동이 지향하고 있는 패러다임은 상태학적 지속기능성을 보장할 수 있는 전지구적 세계상이다. '세계모험사회'에서 핵에너지 갈등은 계급, 민족국가, 체계의 경계를 초월한 "담론의 동맹"을 통한 '하위정치'를 통해 해소되고 있다.

• 분석과 대안
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.5-31
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• 2024

The US-led and European partners supporting liberal international order has dwindled. A number of research has been conducted to explore reasons, starting point, the possibility of resurrection, and even the future scenarios of the international order. This is particularly important for the EU, in that the EU was built for a world that is peaceful, multilateral and driven by compromise inseparable from the liberal international order. The current situation of the crisis in the international order is also important to emerging powers notably China and Russia which seek for a new order best suitable for their own interests. In this sense, this paper explains the significance of the liberal international order to the EU, the necessity of salvaging an order or creating a new order, and important variables - elections held in 2024 across the EU, in the European Parliament, and the US, Russia's invasion of Ukraine, trans-atlantic partnership and EU-China relations - which possibly affect the EU to establish a new European order. In fact, the EU is unlikely to take the lead in forming a new international order. Nonetheless, the first task the EU should do is to acknowledge the crisis situation at present and to make a decision of the EU's position and role regarding saved, reformed or newly shaped order.

• 안보군사학연구
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• 통권3호
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• pp.121-167
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• 2005

The great strategy of China has been changing depending on the time, change of surrounding environment and personality of leaders of the time. However, the process of the change was not the drastic change but has maintained the consistency through the course of modification and development. The great strategy of Mao Ze-dong was to have the objective in 'World Great Nation' with the facilitation of the 'Surpass Strategy' and 'Autonomy, Independence and Alliance strategy' to successfully build up the political great nation, but he entrapped China's politics and economy into the point of no return by excessive war preparation under 'The Principle of Inevitable World War', striving of rapid communism and other policies. The Deng Xiao-ping era also targeted for ‘World Great Nation’ but, unlike Mao Ze-dong, he had the foundation in the 'The Principle of Evitable World War' and undertook the ‘Peace and Development Strategy’ and ‘Peaceful Coexistence' to build up the advantageous surrounding environment for China to focus on the economic construction as the core of the nation by establishing ‘The Reform and Opening Strategy’ and 'Three-step Development Strategy‘ to have the successful soft landing of the Chinese economy with the astonishing economic development. The system of leader's group of China after Deng Xiao-ping succeeded the practical and realistic spirit of Deng Xia-ping, and based on the drastically grown economic strength, the great strategy of China is on the ‘The Great Reinvigoration of Chinese Nation’. This is one step further from the strategy of 'World Great Nation' of the past that it embraces all the minority races in China, Chinese economic sphere, foreign citizens of Chinese origin as well as Chinese residing abroad. China contemplates the time of making 'The Great Reinvigoration of Chinese Nation’ in 2050, 100 anniversary of the birth of new China.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.3-33
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• 2010

Paperless trade is a new trade paradigm that has innovated on traditional trade procedures, which relied on manual work in the past, and applied an IT-based e-document standard. To realize paperless trade in Korea, a lot of efforts have been made. Korea has overcome many difficulties, a lack of awareness, trials and errors, etc. at the initial introduction stage and strived to establish a stable infrastructure through the government's policy support and active cooperation with the trade business communities and related organizations. Now, Korea became a well-known leader in IT industry, especially in the paperless trade infrastructure and strategic policies. The one-stop trading system named 'uTradeHub' is operated by a paperless trade service provider, Korea Trade Network(KTNET). uTradeHub includes trade finance and settlement, customs clearance and export and import logistics, improving trading procedures and reducing related expenses. Private-Public joint efforts from Korean government and private sectors which have respectively fulfilled their role and function with market-oriented practical policies and strategies has lead Korea a world leading country in paperless trade. Moreover, Korea expended its efforts to the global areas. Korea has started to activate multi-national paperless trade alliances such as PAA(Pan-Asia e-Commerce Alliance), ASEAL(Asia Europe Alliance for Paperless Trading) as well as established the bilateral cooperative networks with China and Taiwan. The one-stop trading system, uTradeHub should keep close cooperations between nations since trade itself is implemented in a cross-border ways. In the near future, it is expected uTradeHub can achieve best results in the simplification of procedures and cost savings when an international linkage is completely established with international cooperations.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.51-79
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• 2006

이 연구는 거리노숙인의 사회적 관계 중 노숙동료 관계를 중심으로 이들의 유대가 어떻게 형성되는지와 그 의미를 탐색하였다. 이를 위해 질적 연구방법 중 문화기술지 연구전통을 따라 연구를 수행하였는데, 2005년 8월부터 약 6개월 동안 서울지역 주요 노숙지역과 일일이용시설의 노숙실태를 현장 조사하고, 노숙인 8명을 심층 인터뷰하여 자료를 수집했다. 스프래들리(Spradley, 1979)의 자료 분석절차에 따라 노숙인의 유대형성과 관련된 주요 영역을 확인하였는데, 이 영역들은 새롭게 노숙세계라는 낯선 시 공간에 떨어진 노숙인이 생존과 정체성의 위기를 노숙 동료와의 긴밀한 관계 형성을 통해 모면해 가는 과정을 보여 준다. 이러한 분석을 통해 거리노숙이라는 문화 속에서 노숙인들끼리의 유대는 (1) 새로운 고향의 의미, (2) 인정받기 위한 대체집단의 의미, (3) 세계 내 구별을 통한 자기 정체감 유지의 의미라는 주제를 갖는다는 것을 확인하였다. 이에 따르면 노숙인들의 자기 정체성은 이중적이고, 따라서 동료관계에 부여하는 의미와 해석 또한 이중성을 갖는다. 이는 노숙이라는 극단적 빈곤상태의 삭막한 세계에서 생존과 자기 존재감을 위한 동맹자원을 획득하는 과정에서 나타난 태도라고 할 수 있다. 이에 노숙인들이 생존 자원의 결핍은 물론 진정한 관계의 결핍을 갖고 있음을 밝히면서, 거리노숙 탈피를 위한 노숙인 지원 대책과 서비스가 보다 장기적 계획을 갖고, 질적으로 이루어져야함을 제언하고 있다.