• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.441-456
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable and valid instrument to measure hope for cancer patients in Korea. This Hope Scale(Kim & Lee Hope Scale ; KLHS ) was developed based on not only critical universal attributes explaining both basic hope (generalized hope) and specific hope but also particular characteristics varing from culture and situation, which were revealed in a comprehensive review of the literature. Initially 60 items were generated from three sources : 36 items from the Q-sample used in the Kim's study, 1992, 21 representative items(statements) from the rest Q-population of the above study, 3 items related to the newly discovered category in the new qualitative study using 10 open ended question(death and dying) from the new qualitative study on the 20 cancer patients. At first 3 items were eliminated by the critique of the content validity experts, who were high experienced nurse, nursing professors. And then 4 items were eliminated in consideration of corrected item total correlation coefficiency, theoretical framework of this study. After that, 14 items were eliminated in comparing two or three items identified with the same meaning in each factor by this research team with factor loading and communality. This Hope Scale was finally constructed with 39 items. Psychometric evaluation was done on 492 adults(104 cancer patients, 388 adults who imagined who were cancer patients ranging from 18 to 76 years old. The results revealed high internal consistency Alpha coefficiency of .9351. Princial Component Factor Analysis with Varimax Rotation resulted in 8 factors with more than 1.0 of Eigenvalue. Referring to Eigenvalues, percent of variances(>60%), reproduced correlation matrix, and our theoretical framework, we decided the eight factors were the best1 solution to represent hope dimensions sufficiently. The eight factors were "confidence in possibility of cure", "sense of internal satisfaction", "being in communion", "meaning of life", "Korean hope perspectives", "belief in god", "self confidence", "self-worth". Among these factors, "confidence in possibility of cure", "sense of internal satisfaction", "Korean hope perspectives" were identified as different hope dimensions from those of Nowotny Hope Scale and Herth Hope Scale. There was significant negative correlation of r=-.4736 between this hope scale and Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and significant positive correlation of r=.3685 between this hope scale and Life Orientation Test (LOT) which indicate convergent and discriminant validity. The range of hope scores was from 71 to 244, with a mean of 171.97(SD=28.16).

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.35-48
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• 1985

The present work develops a method of evaluating thrust deduction and wake for different loads of the propeller using the concerted application of the theoretical tools and experimental techniques. It also shows the applicability of the new method to the design of optimum hull form. Firstly, the problem of hull-propeller interaction was analyzed in terms of inviscid as well as viscous components of the thrust deduction and wake. The wavemaking resistance of a hull and propeller were mathematically represented by sources on the hull surface and sink on the propeller plane, respectively. The strength of sink was determined by utilizing the radial distributions of propeller load and nominal wake. The resistance increment due to a propeller and the axial perturbation flow induced by the hull in the propeller plane were calculated. Especially, the inviscid component of the thrust deduction was calculated by subtraction the wavemaking resistance of a bare hull, the wavemaking resistance of a free-running propeller and the augmentation of propeller resistance due to hull action from the wavemaking resistance of the hull with a propeller. The viscous components of the thrust deduction and wake were estimated as functions of propeller load which were established by the propeller load varying test after deduction the calculated inviscid components. Secondly, an analysis method of powering performance was developed based on the potential theory and the propeller load varying test. The hybrid method estimates the thrust deduction, wake and propeller open-water efficiency for different propeller load. This method can be utilized in the analysis of powering performance for the propeller load variation such as the added resistance due to hull surface roughness, the added resistance due to wind, etc. Finally, the hybrid method was applied to the optimum design of hull form. A series of afterbody shapes was obtained by systematically varying the waterplane and section shapes of a parent afterbody without changing the principal dimensions, block coefficient and prismatic coefficient. From the comparison of the predicted results such as wavemaking resistance, thrust deduction, wake and delivered power, an optimum hull form was obtained. The delivered power of the optimized hull form was reduced by 5.7% which was confirmed by model tests. Also the predicted delivered power by the hybrid method shows fairly good agreement with the test result. It is therefore considered that the new analysis method of powering performance can be utilized as a practical tool for the design of optimum hull form as for the analysis of powering performance for the propeller load variation in the preliminary design stage.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.41-63
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• 2016

Energy policy is known to have higher path dependency among policy fields (Kuper and van Soest, 2003; OECD, 2012; Kikkawa, 2013) and is a critical component of the infrastructure development undertaken in the early stages of nation building. Actor roles, such as those played by interest groups, are firmly formed, making it unlikely that institutional change can be implemented. In resource-challenged Japan, energy policy is an especially critical policy area for the Japanese government. In comparing energy policy making in Japan and Germany, Japan’s policy community is relatively firm (Hartwig et al., 2015), and it is improbable that institutional change can occur. The Japanese government’s approach to energy policy has shifted incrementally in the past half century, with the most recent being the 2012 implementation of the “Feed-In Tariff Law” (Act on Special Measures Concerning Procurement of Renewable Electric Energy by Operators of Electric Utilities), which encourages new investment in renewable electricity generation and promotes the use of renewable energy. Yet, who were the actors involved and the factors that influenced the establishment of this new law? This study attempts to assess the factors associated with implementing the law as well as the roles of the relevant major actors. In answering this question, we focus on identifying the policy networks among government, political parties, and interest groups, which suggests that success in persuading key economic groups could be a factor in promoting the law. Our data is based on the “Global Environmental Policy Network Survey 2012-2013 (GEPON2)” which was conducted immediately after the March 11, 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake with respondents including political parties, the government, interest groups, and civil society organizations. Our results suggest that the Feed in Tariff (FIT) Law’s network structure is similar to the information network and support network, and that the actors at the center of the network support the FIT Law. The strength of our research lays in our focus on political networks and their contributing mechanism to the law’s implementation through analysis of the political process. From an academic perspective, identifying the key actors and factors may be significant in explaining institutional change in policy areas with high path dependency. Close examination of this issue also has implications for a society that can promote renewable and sustainable energy resources.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.21-33
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• 2007

Statement of problem: The esthetic component of dental care has become increasingly more important, while new tooth-colored materials are continually marketed. Various new indirect composite materials have been developed with required advantages. The most recent development in the indirect composites has been the introduction of the second-generation laboratory composite or poly-glass materials. They are processed by different laboratory techniques based on combinations of heat, pressure, vacuum and light polymerization. Although, second generation products became available in 1995, their characteristics and clinical performance have not been adequately investigated. Purpose: The aim of this study was to measure the mechanical properties of the second generation indirect resin system and compare these with an existing universal direct composite resin. Material and method: In this study four indirect composite material (Adoro LC, BelleGlass HP, Tescera, Synfony) were tested for flexural strength, wear resistance, hardness and their degree of conversion against Z250, a light cure direct composite. Results: Within the limitations of this study, the following conclusions were drawn: 1. From the abrasion wear result, Adoro showed the least volume loss while Synfony showed the greatest volume loss. Z250 and BelleGlass HP didn't show significant difference (p>0.05), but they showed significant difference with other groups (p<0.05). From the attrition wear, BelleGlass HP showed the least volume loss and it didn’t show significant difference with Tescera (p>0.05). While Synfony showed the greatest volume loss that it showed significant difference with other groups (p>0.05). 2. Mean values of flexural strength by means of three point bending test was in the order of Z250, Adoro, Belleglass HP, Tescera and Synfony. Mean elastic modulus was in the order of Z250, BelleGlass HP, Tescera, Adoro and Synfony. 3. The result of Vicker‘s microhardness value showed that significantly higher value in Z250 (p<0.05), and is in the order of BelleGlass HP, Tescera, Adoro and Synfony. 4. The degree of conversion measured by FT-IR showed significantly higher value in BelleGlass HP (p<0.05), and is in the order of Adoro, Synfony, Tescera and Z250. Conclusion: Significant differences were found in the flexural strength, wear resistance, hardness and their degree of conversion.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.122-136
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• 1987

A group of studies revealed that family members of the seriously ill patient had some needs during the period of patient's hospitalization. Needs of the seriously-ill patient family could be classified into three aspect, i. e. needs on the prognosis of patient, needs on the well-being of family members themselves and needs on hospital environment. Several instrument were developed to measure the needs of the seriously ill patient, but their content tended to overemphasize the aspect of the prognosis of patient. The purpose of this study was to develop a new instrument to measure the needs in the aspect of the seriously ill patient's family themselves in details to increase the cummulative Percentage of the scale. Subjects were 134 family members of the seriously-ill patients, who were bung cared in ICU of seven university hospitals and data were collected from march 16, 1987 to April 11, 1987. The instrument used in this study was made by the author on the basis of results of literature review. Content valitity of the instrument was tested by a professor majoring in nursing and reliability by calculation of Cronbach's α with data of the respondents. Data was analyzed as follows, using SAS, computer system. Factor structures of the seriously ill patients' family needs were elicited by factor analysis. The programme was the Principal Component Factor Analysis Method of factoring employing Varimax Orthogonal Rotation. The influences of the demographic variables on the degree of the seriously-ill patients' family need were analyzed by t-test and P-test. Results were as follows. 1. Needs of the seriously-ill patients' family elicited and their cummulative percentage were: Needs to be supported emotionally, 29.2% Needs to be informed on facilities available, 9.6% Needs to be informed on the patient's prognosis, 7.7%. Needs to be supported spiritually, 5.1%. Needs to be informed on hospital environment, 4.2%. Needs to be helped to spare time, 3.9%. Needs to be informed on their role, 3.5%. Needs to be present near patient, 3.3%. 2. Educational background was found to influence on some factors. College-graduate group had higher Bevel of needs to be . informed on facilities available to be informed on the patient's prognosis, needs to be supported spiritually, needs to be helped to spare time, needs to be informed on their role than high school graduate group. 3. Among the parents, sons and daughters and the relative groups, the parents of the seriously ill patient had highest level of needs to be present near patient. Suggestions for further studies were as follows. 1. As the instruments used in the previous studies had high cummulative percentages in the aspect of the prognosis of patient and that in this study in the aspect of the prognosis of patient and that in this study in the aspect of the seriously ill patient's family themselves, development of a new instrument which combined the items of both of them is needed. 2. A study to clarify the influence of type and number of admission on need to be supported emotionally is needed.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2007

플래시 메모리는 오늘날 다양한 형태로 우리 생활의 일부를 차지하고 있다. 이동식 저장매체, 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅 환경과 휴대전화기, MP3플레이어, 개인정보단말기(PDA) 등의 모바일 제품 등에 광범위하게 사용되고 있다. 이처럼 많은 분야에서 사용되는 주된 이유는 플래시 메모리가 저전력, 비휘발성, 고성능, 물리적 안정성, 휴대성 등의 장점을 갖기 때문이다. 더불어 최근에는 기가바이트급 플래시 메모리도 개발되어 하드디스크의 자리를 대체할 수 있는 상황에 이르렀다. 하지만, 플래시 메모리는 하드디스크와 달리 이미 데이타가 기록된 섹터에 대해 덮어쓰기가 되지 않는다는 특성을 갖고 있다. 데이타를 덮어쓰기 위해서는 해당 섹터가 포함된 블록을 지우고(소거) 쓰기 작업을 수행해야 한다. 이로 인해 플래시 메모리의 데이타 읽기/쓰기/소거에 비용이 하드 디스크와 같이 동일한 것이 아니라 각각 다르다[1][5][6]. 이러한 특성이 고려되지 않은 기존의 OS, DBMS 등과 같은 시스템 소프트웨어에서 사용되는 교체 기법은 플래시 메모리 상에서 비효율성을 가질 수 있다. 그러므로 플래시 메모리상에서는 플래시 메모리의 특성을 고려한 효율적인 버퍼 교체 기법이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 플래시 메모리의 특성을 고려한 버퍼 페이지 교체기법을 제안하며, 제안된 기법과 기존 기법들과의 성능 평가를 수행한다. 지프분포와 실제 워크로드를 사용한 성능평가는 플래시 메모리의 특성을 고려한 버퍼 페이지 교체 기법의 필요성을 입증한다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2001

Zr-Mn-Ni 3성분계 합금으로서 $ZrMn_2Ni_x$ (x=0.0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2) 합금을 제작하여 이들의 수소저장특성과 전기화학적 특성을 조사한 결과 $ZrMn_2Ni_x$ 모든 조성에서 C14 Laves phase가 형성되었다. 여러 합금 중에서 $ZrMn_2Ni_{0.6}$ 합금이 비교적 활성화가 빨리 이루어졌고(약 11회 싸이클 후), 방전용량이 가장 컸다(최대 45mAh/g). 모든 합금에서 6M KOH 전해질에 Zr이 가장 잘 용해되었다. $ZrMn_2Ni_{0.6}$ 합금은 다른 합금들에 비해 Mn과 Ni이 더 많이 용해되었다. $ZrMn_2Ni_{0.6}$ 합금이 비교적 활성화가 빨리 이루어지고 방전용량이 컸는데, 이에 따른 활발한 충 방전으로 인하여 Zr, Mn, Ni이 많이 용해되어 나온 것으로 사려된다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2021

The information space, the main components of which are information resources, means of information interaction, and information infrastructure, is a sphere of modern social life in which information communications play a leading role. The objective process is the gradual but stable entry of the national information space into the European and world information sphere, in the context of which there is a legitimate question of its protection as one of the components of the national security of Ukraine. However, the implementation of this issue in practice immediately faces the need to respect the rights and fundamental freedoms guaranteed by international regulations and the Constitution of Ukraine, especially in the field of cybersecurity. The peculiarity of the modern economy is related to its informational nature, which affects the sharp increase in cyber incidents in the field of information security, which is widespread and threatening and affects a wide range of private, corporate, and public interests. The problem of forming an effective information security system is exacerbated by the spread of cybercrime as a leading threat to information security both in Ukraine and around the world. The purpose of this study is to analyze the state of cybersecurity and on this basis to identify new areas of the fight against cybercrime in Ukraine. Methods: the study is based on an extensive regulatory framework, which primarily consists of regulatory acts of Ukraine. The main methods were inductions and deductions, generalizations, statistical, comparative, and system-structural analysis, grouping, descriptive statistics, interstate comparisons, and graphical methods. Results. It is noted that a very important component of Ukraine's national security is the concept of "information terrorism", which includes cyberterrorism and media terrorism that will require its introduction into the law. An assessment of the state of cybersecurity in Ukraine is given. Based on the trend analysis, further growth of cybercrimes was predicted, and ABC analysis showed the existence of problems in the field of security of payment systems. Insufficient accounting of cybercrime and the absence in the current legislation of all relevant components of cybersecurity does not allow the definition of a holistic system of counteraction. Therefore, the proposed new legal norms in the field of information security take into account modern research in the field of promising areas of information technology development and the latest algorithms for creating media content.

• 산업진흥연구
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

4차산업혁명 정보화 시대의 콘텐츠는 단순히 내용을 전달하는 것이 아니라 정보들이 상호작용함으로써 발생하는 거래를 모두 포함하고 있다. 이렇게 상호작용하면서 거래되고 있는 정보의 종류와 형태는 새로운 의미(종류)의 콘텐츠를 만들어 지금까지 유통됐던 콘텐츠와는 다르게 인식되고 있다. 그 이유는 네트워크 환경에서의 시공간을 초월해 상호작용하는 콘텐츠의 유통은 지금까지의 의사소통 측면의 단순한 내용과 달리 새로운(변화된) 세계에서 부가가치를 창출하는 중요한 요소이기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 4차산업혁명 시대에서 한국 디지털 콘텐츠 산업의 현황과 문제를 인식하고, 앞으로 한국 디지털 콘텐츠 산업이 세계 시장을 리드하기 위한 학술적 활성화 방안을 모색하고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 구체적으로 첫째, 디지털 콘텐츠의 개념에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 둘째, 국내외 디지털 콘텐츠의 산업동향에 대해 살펴보고자 한다. 셋째, 디지털 콘텐츠의 효율화 방안을 제시한다. 넷째, 연구 결과와 시사점을 도출한다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한국이 디지털 콘텐츠 강국으로 가기 위해서는 정부 각 부처가 이기주의를 탈피하고 적극적으로 협력해 제반 정책을 효율적으로 수립 시행해야 한다. 둘째, 현재의 종이책과 CD롬에 부가세 면제 혜택을 주듯이 전자책에도 이를 도입해야 하고, 특히 관련 기술 개발, 보안 솔루션, 저작권 문제는 전자책 업체에 대한 투자 확대 등 시장 활성화를 위해 시급히 해결해야 한다. 셋째, 고속 정보통신망, 위성방송 등의 정보 인프라가 구축함으로써 질 높은 콘텐츠의 수요를 증가시켜야 한다. 본 연구를 통해서 4차산업혁명의 시대에 정부의 다양한 지원방향과 한국의 디지털 컨텐츠 문제점에 대한 관리할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다는 것에서 의미하는 바가 크다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권8호
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• pp.1165-1171
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 최근 고소득 작물로 급부상 하면서 전국적으로 생산되고 있는 국내산 아로니아의 생육환경 및 품질평가를 통해 국내 아로니아 재배 적합성과 품질의 우수성을 조사해 보았다. 국내 각 지역에서 생산된 5종의 아로니아와 폴란드산 아로니아 추출물의 총당 함량, 산도, 폴리페놀 함량, 안토시아닌 함량 및 항산화 활성을 측정해 보았다. 그 결과 총당 함량, 총산도, 안토시아닌 함량 및 조성은 국내산과 폴란드산이 유사한 것을 알 수 있었다. 안토시아닌은 아로니아의 중요한 기능성 성분으로 국내산 5종과 폴란드산 모두 cyanidin-3-galactoside가 주성분이고 함량은 65.5~69.1% 사이로 유사하였다. 국내 C 지역에서 생산된 아로니아는 폴란드산에 비해 1.2배 높은 폴리페놀 함량을 가지고 있으며, 폴란드산 아로니아의 DPPH 라디칼의 50% 소거활성이 $167.6{\pm}0.3{\mu}g/mL$ 인데 비해 국내 C 지역의 아로니아는 $134.7{\pm}1.9{\mu}g/mL$로 낮은 농도에서 활성이 높게 나타났다. 또한 ferric reducing antioxidant power assay를 이용한 항산화 활성 측정에서도 폴란드산보다 국내 C 지역의 아로니아가 높은 항산화 활성을 보였다. 폴란드산보다 우수한 품질을 가지고 있는 국내 C 지역의 재배환경은 조사대상 중 가장 일조량이 많았으며, 심토 pH 6.5, 토양의 유기물 함량이 가장 높았다. 따라서 국내산 아로니아는 폴란드산과 품질이 유사하거나 조금 더 우수한 것을 알 수 있었으며, 재배 시 일조량 확보 및 토양의 적정 산도 유지를 통해 보다 고품질의 아로니아 생산이 가능할 것으로 예측되었다. 따라서 향후 고도 기술을 통한 국내산 아로니아의 고부가가치 제품 생산 시 우수한 기능성 식품 소재로 활용될 것으로 생각된다.