• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2007

Background: Neurofeedback is an electroencephalographic biofeedback technique for training individuals to alter their brain activity via operant conditioning. Also neurofeedback is a form of behavioural training aimed at developing skills for brain activity. Within the past decade, several neurofeedback studies have been published that tend to overcome the methodological shortcomings of earlier studies. This research describes the methodical basis of neurofeedback and reviews the evidence base for its clinical efficacy and effectiveness in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: In neurofeedback training, self-regulation of specific aspects of electrical brain activity is acquired by means of immediate feedback and positive reinforcement. In frequency training, activity in different EEG frequency bands has to be decreased or increased. Slow cortical potentials (SCPs) training is focused on the regulation of cortical excitability. Results: Neurofeedback studies revealed training-specific effects on, for example, attention and memory processes and performance improvements in real-life conditions, in healthy subjects as well as in patients. In several studies it was shown that ADHD symptomatology was reduced after frequency training or SCP(Slow cortical potentials) training. Moreover a decrease of impulsivity errors and an increase of the contingent negative variation. Conclusions: This research provides evidence for both positive behavioural and specific neurophysiological effects of neurofeedback training. Also there is growing evidence for neurofeedback as a valuable module in neuropsychiatric disorders. Further, controlled studies are warranted.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.928-938
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• 2015

Purpose: This study explored the effects of neurofeedback training on Electroencephalogram (EEG), Continuous Performance Task (CPT) and ADHD symptoms in ADHD prone college students. Methods: Two hundred forty seven college students completed Korean Version of Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS-K) and Korean Version of Beck Depression Inventory (K-BDI). The 16 participants who ranked in the top 25% of CAARS-K score and had 16 less of K-BDI score participated in this study. Among them, 8 participants who are fit for the research schedule were assigned to neurofeedback training group and 8 not fit for the research schedule to the control group. All participants completed Adult Attention Deficiency Questionnaire, CPT and EEG measurement at pretest. The neurofeedback group received 15 neurofeedback training sessions (5 weeks, 3 sessions per week). The control group did not receive any treatment. Four weeks after completion of the program, all participants completed CAARS-K, Adult Attention Deficiency Questionnaire, CPT and EEG measurement for post-test. Results: The neurofeedback group showed more significant improvement in EEG, CPT performance and ADHD symptoms than the control group. The improvements were maintained at follow up. Conclusion: Neurofeedback training adjusted abnormal EEG and was effective in improving objective and subjective ADHD symptoms in ADHD prone college students.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.1317-1328
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• 2009

본 연구는 뉴로피드백 훈련이 유아의 뇌 기능과 지능에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구로 첫째, 뉴로피드백 훈련이 유아의 뇌 기능에 어떤 변화를 주는지를 검증하였으며, 둘째, 한국 웩슬러유아지능검사(K-WPPSI: Korean Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence)를 통해 뉴로피드백 훈련이 유아의 지능 발달에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 분석하였다. 본 연구는 천안 소재의 J 유치원에 재원중인 만5세 유아 60명을 대상으로, 2008년 4월 21일부터 12월 12일에 걸쳐 뉴로피드백 훈련 지침에 따라 훈련을 실시하였다. 뉴로피드백 훈련 전과 후의 뇌기능지수와 지능을 분석하였으며, 통계분석은 SPSS for Window 13.0 패키지를 사용하여 t-검증을 통해 분석하였다. 분석 결과 첫째, 뇌기능 지수 전체를 종합 평가한 브레인지수는 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나, 뉴로피드백 훈련이 유아의 뇌 기능 발달에 매우 효과적인 방법임을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 뉴로피드백 훈련이 동작성 지능 지수 중 도형 영역, 미로 영역, 빠진 곳 찾기 영역은 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 종합적인 평가 지수인 동작성 지능 지수도 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 이러한 실험 결과는 뉴로피드백 훈련이 동작성 지능 지수 발달에 매우 효과적인 방법임을 알 수 있었고, 세째, 뉴로피드백 훈련은 언어성 지능 지수 중 공통성 영역만 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.184-191
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• 2007

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a neurofeedback training on developing creativity in nursing students. Method : A nonequivalent control group pre-posttest design was used. A convenience sample of 36 students from the Department of Nursing, at D University were assigned to experimental(n=18) and control(n=18) groups. The intervention program was Neurofeedback training for 6 weeks, 3 times a week. Outcome variables were fluency, flexibility, originality, and creativity overall. Result : Neurofeedback training was effective in enhancing flexibility and creativity overall, but was not effective in enhancing fluency and originality. Conclusion : Neurofeedback training may be a useful intervention to promote creativity of nursing students.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.157-167
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of the Neurofeedback training programme (NFT), and systematically search for factors related to the NFT.Methods: This study applied meta-analysis to thesis and journal articles published in Korea. A total of 42 papers published between 2001 to August in 2015 were evaluated, which were selected through a database search.Results: Summarizing the evaluation, the quality of results was low. The meta-analysis revealed that the effect size of the neurofeedback programme training was 0.691, over the median. Also, the variables were statistically significant to the neurofeedback programme training effect, and were consistent with the subject characteristics, their disabilities/non disabilities, and level of education. The results were also statistically significant to the neuro-feedback programme training effect according to the research method (training method), the sessions per a week, total sessions, and training time.Conclusions: The RoBANS result of 42 studies is at a risk of being highly biased. However, statistically, the meta-analysis result of the factors evaluated is significantly high.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.79-97
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the clinical effects of neurofeedback training on reducing anxiety. Methods: Eight databases were used to extract clinical reports on neurofeedback intervention for anxiety reduction published until 2016. We analyzed the characteristics of selected studies and evaluated biases using the Risk of Bias (RoB) assessment. Results: A total of 22 clinical trials were extracted for the analysis. The risk of bias in most studies was high or unclear. The Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders-3 (CCMD-3) was the most frequently used diagnostic criteria, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAMA) was the most frequently used assessment tool, and the alpha wave activity increase, sensorimotor rhythm (SMR), and theta wave training were the most frequently used intervention methods. All papers showed a statistically significant decrease of anxiety symptoms; however, significant adverse events were not reported. Conclusions: Neurofeedback intervention might be beneficial for reducing anxiety. However, the quality of the studies used in the analysis was low, and the heterogeneity of the population and interventions was revealed. Therefore, more scientifically designed clinical studies regarding neurofeedback training are required.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.208-220
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of neurofeedback training for reducing stress and enhancing self-regulation in late adolescence to identify the possibility of use for nursing intervention. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pre-post quasi-experimental design was used. Participants were 78 late adolescents assigned to the experimental group (n=39) that received the neurofeedback training and the control group (n=39). Data were collected on heart rate variability (HRV) and skin conductance level (SCL) to assess stress-biomarker response. The questionnaire contained 164 items from: Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and Self-regulatory Ability scale. The neurofeedback training was based on the general adaptation syndrome and body-mind medicine. The intervention was conducted in a total of 10 sessions for 30 minutes per session with high-beta, theta and sensory motor rhythm training on scalp at central zero. Results: There were significant difference in standard deviation of normal to normal interval (p=.036) in HRV and SCL (p=.029) of stress-biomarker response between the two groups. Negative affect (p=.036) in PANAS and obsessive compulsive (p=.023) and depression (p<.001) in SCL-90-R were statistically significant. Self-regulation mode (p=.004) in self-regulation ability scale showed a significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: The results indicated that the neurofeedback training is effective in stress-biomarkers, psychoemotional stress response and self-regulation. Therefore, neurofeedback training using neuroscientific approach based on brain-mind-body model can be used as an effective nursing intervention for late adolescents in clinics and communities for effective stress responses.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2012

Purpose: Recently, Neurofeedback training system that based on biofeedback of brain wave was introduced. This study was performed to identify the effects of the improvement of brain function by Neurofeedback training on elders(the 2nd or 3rd grade of long-term care insurance services). Methods: A quasi-experimental design using a nonequivalent control group, pre-post test was used. Total 11 elderly were enrolled in this study (experimental group 5, control group 6). The intervention was conducted 3 times a week for 30 minutes from January to June, 2012 (total 60 times). Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to analyze the data. Results: After the Neurofeedback intervention, attention quotient (AQ), anti-stress quotient (ASQ), emotion quotient (EQ) and brain quotient (BQ) of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the Neurofeedback training program was effective in reducing fatigue by AQ, increasing the physical and mental stress resistance by ASQ, emotional balance by EQ and improving of total brain function by BQ. Therefore Neurofeedback training be used as an effective training intervention for the health of elderly in geriatric facility.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.582-593
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• 2016

본 연구는 국내에서 발간된 학위논문과 학술지 논문을 대상으로 뉴로 피드백 프로그램 훈련과 관련된 요인들을 체계적으로 탐색하여 뉴로 피드백 프로그램훈련(Neurofeedback programme training; NFT)의 효과성을 종합하기 위해 메타분석을 실시하였다. 연구대상은 데이터베이스 검색을 통해 2001년부터 2015년까지 출판된 논문들 중 최종 21편을 선정하여 분석하였다. 연구방법 특성으로 연구의 질 평가를 실시한 결과 전체 분석대상 논문의 질에는 제한점이 있었다. 연구 결과로는 첫째, 전체 뉴로 피드백 프로그램의 효과크기는 .683로 중간 이상이었다. 둘째, 조절 변인별 효과 크기를 분석한 결과 연구대상의 임상군의 특성(ADHD, 인지장애, 알츠하이머, 청각장애, 지적장애 등)과 학교 급(초 중 고)에 따라 각 뉴로 피드백 훈련의 효과가 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 연구 방법(훈련 방법)적 측면에서는 주당 회기 수, 총 횟수, 그리고 훈련시간에 따라 훈련의 효과가 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 본 연구에서 밝혀진 연구 결과를 통하여 뉴로 피드백 훈련 프로그램 대상에 대한 효과적인 개입과 선정에 대한 자료를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.271-286
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical trial research trends in regards to the neurofeedback training (NFT) in Korean journals. Methods: We researched articles published in Korean journals from 2000 up to 2013 and were related to the NFT. We searched six electronic databases to find relevant articles, using the term 'neurofeedback'. Results: 1) 6 single group comparative studies and 31 randomized controlled trials were found. 2) Healthy volunteers and students were most frequently studied with neurofeedback training. Other studies included attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Poststroke, panic disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PDD), temporomendibular disorder (TMD), and obesity. NFT interventions were attempted in diverse training protocols and assessed with many different outcome measurements. 3) Most studies showed effective results after NFT. Conclusions: NFT is increasingly studied and used in various clinical fields. Also, there have been efforts to adopt NFT in Korean medical clinics and researches, and more rigorous and innovative studies are needed in the future.