• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제84권4호
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• pp.335-337
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• 2021

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제64권8호
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• pp.430-432
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• 2021

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.86-92
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• 2019

Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) has long been a challenge for clinicians due to its poor responsiveness to immunosuppressants, and rapid progression to end-stage renal disease. Identifying a monogenic cause for SRNS may lead to a better understanding of podocyte structure and function in the glomerular filtration barrier. This review focuses on genes associated with slit diaphragm, actin cytoskeleton, transcription factors, nucleus, glomerular basement membrane, mitochondria, and other proteins that affect podocyte biology.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2021

Pediatric kidney transplantation is the best option since it can achieve near normal glomerular filtration rate, adequate fluid balance, and autonomic endocrine function of the kidney in end-stage kidney disease. However, pediatric kidney transplantation is difficult because children are developing and growing, management and complications of pediatric kidney transplantation are different from those of adults. This review covers the current status of pediatric kidney transplantation in Korea, key considerations that must be taken before kidney transplantation in children, and management strategy of immunosuppression and common complications.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2022

BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is a ubiquitous virus residing in the kidney tubules and is clinically significant only in immunocompromised patients. In clinical practice, BKPyV is a causative pathogen of BKPyV-associated nephropathy (BKVAN) in kidney allograft recipients or hemorrhagic cystitis of hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Currently, there is no effective treatment for BKVAN; therefore, careful monitoring and prudent modification of immunosuppression are necessary to prevent BKVAN. In this article, the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and current management strategies for BKVAN are reviewed.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2022

Pediatric rheumatologic diseases are rare systemic diseases that can involve various organs, including the kidneys. Each rheumatologic disease can exhibit characteristic renal involvement, which requires proper treatment and diagnosis. In this review, we discuss renal involvement in classic rheumatologic diseases, including juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis, and juvenile dermatomyositis. Reviews addressing lupus nephritis and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated renal disease are complex and tend to cover a wide array of topics, and thus were excluded from this review.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.82-88
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• 2023

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes numerous changes that destabilize homeostasis, of which anemia is one of its important complications. Anemia significantly reduces the quality of life in children with CKD and plays a crucial role in the progression of cardiovascular disease such as left ventricular hypertrophy, a major cause of mortality in those with advanced CKD. The treatment of anemia is a pivotal factor in reducing morbidity and mortality rates in children with CKD, representing one of the methods for enhancing patients' quality of life.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.271-272
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• 2023

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.56-64
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• 2015

To revise the clinical guideline for childhood urinary tract infections (UTIs) of the Korean Society of Pediatric Nephrology (2007), the recently updated guidelines and new data were reviewed. The major revisions are as follows. In diagnosis, the criterion for a positive culture of the catheterized or suprapubic aspirated urine is reduced to 50,000 colony forming uits (CFUs)/mL from 100,000 CFU/mL. Diagnosis is more confirmatory if the urinalysis is abnormal. In treating febrile UTI and pyelonephritis, oral antibiotics is considered to be as effective as parenteral antibiotics. In urologic imaging studies, the traditional aggressive approach to find primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and renal scar is shifted to the targeted restrictive approach. A voiding cystourethrography is not routinely recommended and is indicated only in atypical or complex clinical conditions, abnormal ultrasonography and recurrent UTIs. $^{99m}Tc$-DMSA renal scan is valuable in diagnosing pyelonephritis in children with negative culture or normal RBUS. Although it is not routinely recommended, normal scan can safely avoid VCUG. In prevention, a more natural approach is preferred. Antimicrobial prophylaxis is not supported any more even in children with VUR. Topical steroid (2-4 weeks) to non-retractile physiologic phimosis or labial adhesion is a reasonable first-line treatment. Urogenital hygiene is important and must be adequately performed. Breast milk, probiotics and cranberries are dietary factors to prevent UTIs. Voiding dysfunction and constipation should be properly treated and prevented by initiating toilet training at an appropriate age (18-24 months). The follow-up urine test on subsequent unexplained febrile illness is strongly recommended. Changes of this revision is not exclusive and appropriate variation still may be accepted.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.6-11
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• 2003

Various forms of dialytic techniques are available for detoxification. Hemodialysis, hemoperfusion and hemofiltration (hemodialfiltration) are the main treatment modalities. Because these modalities are rather invasive and expensive, it must be decided in balance of the risk and benefit to the patient. The prime consideration in the decision is based on the clinical features of poisoning; hemodialysis or hemoperfusion should be considered in general if the patient's condition progressively deteriorates despite intensive supportive therapy. The hemodialysis technique relies on passage of the toxic agent through a semipermeable membrane so that it can equilibrate with the dialysate and subsequently removed. It needs a blood pump to pass blood next to a dialysis membrane, which allows agents permeable to the membrane to pass through and reach equilibrium. Solute (or drug) removal by dialysis has numerous determinants such as solute size, its lipid solubility, the degree to which it is protein bound, its volume of distribution etc. The technique of hemoperfusion is similar to hemodialysis except there is no dialysis membrane or dialysate involved in the procedure. The patient's blood is pumped through a perfusion cartridge, where it is in direct contact with adsorptive material (usually activated charcoal) that has a coating material such as cellulose. This method can be used successfully with lipid-soluble compounds and with higher-molecular-weight compounds than for hemodialysis. Protein binding does not significantly interfere with removal by hemoperfusion. In conclusion, hemodialysis, hemoperfusion and hemofiltration can be used effectively as adjuncts to the management of severely intoxicated patients.