• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.345-360
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study was to suggest vegetation management Planning and plant community structure of Camellia Japonica forest at Hakdong, Kojedo, Hallyo-Haesang National Park. Forty-six plots(l00$\m^2$/plot) were established in Camellia japonica forest and surveyed. By DCA ordination technique and mean importance value analysis, the plant communities were classified into four community types, which were Camellia japonica community, Camellia japonica-Eurya japonica community, Camellia japonica-Neolitsea sericea community, Chumaecyparis obtusa-Camellia japonica community. It was supposed that Camellia japonica-Neolitsea sericeu community succeeded to Neolitsea sericea community. The others would not be replaced by another woody species. The vegetation management for successional controls in long-term basis were suggested; for the short-term basis, the species of Chamaecyparis obtusa, Neolitsea sericea and Eurya japonica should be removed. The species of Quercus serrata, Prunus sargentii, Meliosma myriantha, Machilus thunbergii and Litsea japonica. must be controlled under the long-term management of vegetation.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.331-344
• /
• 1999

To study plant community structure and successional sere of the Kojedo District, Hallyo-Haesang National Park, fifty six plots were set up and surveyed(each plot $l00\m^2$). Fifty-six plots were classified into four community, Quercus variabilis-Zelkova serrata community(I), Q. variabilis-Cinnamomum japonicum-Neolitsea sericea community(II), Pinus thunbergii-C. japonicum-N. sericea community(III), P. thunbergii-P. densiflora community(IV) by TWINSPAN technique. Most area of forests in Kojedo district are artificial or coppice forest after artificial disturbance. The age of four community were about 35~40 years and the number of species 32~44 species per $600\m^2$. Ecological succession had been proceeded from deciduous broad-leaved species(Q. variabilis-Z. serrata etc.), P. thunbergii, P. densiflora to evergreen broad leaved forest(C. japonicum, N. sericea etc.).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.30-41
• /
• 1995

Vegetational structure were investigated for evergreen broad-leaved forest in (Mt.) Pulgapsan. Forty plots were classified into five groups, which were Aphananthe aspera community, Neolitesea sericea -Aphananthe aspera - Torreya nucifera community, deciduous broad-leaved forest group. Quercus aliena community, Quercus aliena - Quercus variabilis community by the TWINSPAN and DCA ordination techniques. But the vegetation of (Mt.)Pulgapsan was seem to be unstable structure of seral stage. Neolitsea sericea showed positive correlation to Aphananthe aspera and negative correlation to Quercus aliena. Quercus variabilis, Garpinus tschonoskii.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.708-721
• /
• 2019

This study was conducted to understand the plant community structure characteristics of warm-temperate forest in Geoje Island. Survey sites were set up on ridges, valleys, and slopes where evergreen broad-leaved trees predominated or distributed in canopy, sub-canopy, or shrub layers at Chunjangsan(Mt.). Thirty-one sites were located in the areas, such as vegetation community, ridges, valleys, and slopes, to observe vegetation structure and location changes. The community classification with TWINSPAN identified six groups: Neolitsea sericea-Platycarya strobilacea, N. sericea-Styrax japonicus, N. sericea-Euonymus oxyphyllus, Pinus thunbergii-N. sericea, N. sericea-Quercus serrata, and Q. variabilis-P. strobilacea. Considering the results of previous studies that reported that the successional pattern of the warm temperate forests progressed from deciduous to evergreen forests, the regions predominated by deciduous communities such as P. thunbergii, Q. serrata, P. strobilacea, Zelkova serrata, and Q. variabilis, is likely to transform into the evergreen forest predominated by N. sericea. The relationship between the impact of the environmental factors and the vegetation distribution showed that slope, Na +, K +, electrical conductivity, and clay among physical properties had direct or indirect effects on vegetation distribution.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.552-564
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate vegetation characteristics of evergreen broad-leaved forests in the area of Duryunsan Provincial Park, where the deciduous broad-leaved trees and evergreen broad-leaved trees are mixed and thus had a high botanical value. To investigate the vegetation characteristics, we installed 40 quadrats with an area of $100m^2$ each for survey and analysis. Haenam-gun, where the Duryunsan Provincial Park is located, is a warm-temperate forest region. The meteorological data for the past 40 years showed a coldness index of $-8^{\circ}C$, a monthly warmth index of $109.2^{\circ}C$, and annual mean precipitation of 1,310.5mm, indicating it is an ideal habitat for the distribution of evergreen broad-leaved forest. The results of community classification based on TWINSPAN showed three categories of vegetation communities in the surveyed region: Quercus acuta community-I, Q. acuta community-II, and Neolitsea sericea-Aphananthe aspera community. In the evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Duryunsan Provincial Park, Q. acuta dominant in the canopy were expanding their presence in the understory. In addition to the Q. acuta, N. sericea and Cinnamomum yabunikkei, which are evergreen broad-leaved trees of the canopy, were found in all layers. The deciduous broad-leaved trees such as Q. variabilis, Q. serrata, and Carpinus tschonoskii were culled, and the transition to Q. acuta evergreen broad-leaved trees was ongoing. N. sericea community appeared locally. The species diversity index of N. sericea-A. aspera community was lower at 1.0798 than that of Q. acuta Community-I at 1.3208 and Q. acuta Community-II at 1.4916.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.43-57
• /
• 1994

The evergreen broad-leaved forest in Mt. Turyunsan was classified into four plant communities : Carpinus tschonoskii community, Carpinus tschonoskii - Quercus acute community, Quercus acuta community, Neolitisea sericea community. Quercus acuta, which had been appeared as a dominant species in most evergreen broad-leaved forest, was assumed to be succeed from Quercus serrata and Quercus variabilis through Carpinus tschonoskii, and would be succeed to Neolitsea serisea. Carpinus thschonoskii and Quercu serrata were assumed to be competitive with Quercus acuta, Camellia japonica, Neolitsea serisea and, Machilus thunbergii. It was assumed that Quercus acuta had a similiar ecological niche with Camellia japonica. Also it was assumed Neolitsea serisea had a similiar ecological niche with Lozoste lansifolia.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.49-61
• /
• 1991

Phytosociological invesstigation of the forest vegetation was carried out in Oinrodo island at the period from June 5th 1990 to June 10th 1990 by Braun-Blanquet's method. The forest vegetation was classified into 10 communities, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii, Machilus thunsbergii, Neolitsea sericea, Quercus glauca-Actinodaphne lancifolia, Pinus thunbergii, Chamaecyparis obtusa, Cryptomeria japonica, Quercus acutissima, Quercus variabilis, and Carpinus coreana community. Based on the classification of communities, the actual vegetation map was drawn in 1 : 50,000 scale.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.82-92
• /
• 2007

The purposes of this study were to classify community and to analyzse vegetation-environment relationships in the forest community of Ulleung Island. The forest community of Ulleung Island was classified into Pinus thunbergii community, Pinus densiflora community, Neolitsea sericea community, Pinus parviflora community, and Fagus multinervis - Sorbus commixta community. Since the results of phytosociological community classification were consistent with that of TWINSPAN, it proved that these two methods could complement when one does a community classification. There was a difference in chemical characteristic of soil among study communities. The community had high soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, and cation exchange capacity compared to forest soil of Korea. The soil pH ranged from 4.66 to 5.80. The soil texture in the study communities was loam or sandy loam. According to the ordination analysis, elevation, exchangeable Na, K, Ca, Mg, soil pH, and content of sand and silt affect the distribution of community.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.89-94
• /
• 2011

In this study, the amount of seedlings and seed dispersal of evergreen broad-leaved trees in forest community adjacent to Camellia japonica forest were studied to provide basic information for effective management of evergreen broad-leaved forest. Evergreen broad-leaved trees including C. japonica, Neolitsea sericea, Machilus thunbergii, Ligustrum japonicum, Cinnamomum japonicum, Litsea japonica, Pittosporum tobira showed high density and ratio of seedlings in community adjacent to C. japonica forest. Although individual densities of N. sericea, M. thunbergii, L. japonicum were low, their seedlings were distributed up to Pinus thunbergii and coniferous broad-leaved forest at a distance of 100m and 200m from C. japonica forest. Distribution of DBH class of C. japonica suggested a continuous spread from higher frequency of young individuals, N. sericea, M. thunbergii and L. japonicum did not showed an obvious trend. Seed of C. japonica mainly dispersed within 50m from mother tree.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.228-242
• /
• 2016

This research was conducted for understanding the evergreen forest community structure of the Bijin Island. The island was worth of vegetational value because of the representative warm temperate species such as Castanopsis cuspidata was distribute there. According to the results of community classification by TWINSPAN and DCA, the Bijin Island evergreen forest were classified by 9 communities, such as C. cuspidata, C. cuspidata-Pinus thunbergii, Neolitsea sericea-Camellia japonica, Platycarya strobilacea, Quercus serrata-Decidus broad-leaved, Alnus firma, P. thunbergii. Due to the C. cuspidata, N. sericea, Ca. japonica etc. were still dominated at canopy and under-canopy layer, so the evergreen forest will be sustain current conditions for a while if there is no artificial disturbances that were caused by human. Pl. strobilacea community will be expected to replace N. sericea and also Q. serrata-Decidus broad-leaved community will be changing caused by mutual competition. Normally, in the way of the succession process of the warm temperate forest, P. thunbergii will be expect via deciduous broad-leaved to evergreen forest such as Machilus thunbergii, C. cuspidata var. sieboldii, and N. sericea. In case of species diversity index, P. thunbergii comm.(1.2739), Q. serrata-Decidus broad-leaved comm.(1.2325), Decidus broad-leaved comm.(1.1807), and A. firma comm.(1.0854) are relatively high, while C. cuspidata and N. sericea-Ca. japonica that was dominated by evergreen species at canopy layer and P. thunbergii that was damaged by fire are relatively low(0.7380~0.8416). Soil pH was 4.72~6.33, electric conductance was 0.035~0.128dS/m, and content of organic matter was 3.4~17.4%.