• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.21-32
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• 2009

As an alternative for restoring a sense of community which has been broken up due to urban residence redevelopment, this study focuses on structural characteristics according to physical location of central squares in apartment complexes. Central squares do not simply function as inner-aiming and self-completed spaces for the residents, but their role can be expanded to a core location which encourages neighbors to communicate and interact with each other. The suppositions for this study are as follows. Structural characteristics according to the physical locations of the central squares in apartment complexes affect apartment residents' openness toward their neighbors and non-residents' accessibility to the square. At the same time, it influences the sense of community. In addition, psychological distance which is represented as psychological openness and accessibility forms a reciprocal relationship with the sense of community. For the study, we first categorized central squares as either open-structure or closed-structure based on how accessible it is from outside the apartment complex. According to these types of central squares, Sillim Prugio, Banghak Deasang Town Hyundai, Gwanak Prugio and Banghak Samsung Raemian 1 which have similar conditions and different structures were selected as sites of the study. Then each apartment complex was classified by apartment residents and non-residents so that eight groups were prepared for the survey. The results of the questionnaire survey especially regarding measuring the sense of community, psychological openness and accessibility indicated that the suppositions were right. Hence, the sense of community, psychological openness and accessibility are high in a central square with an open-structure while high standards of psychological openness and accessibility guarantee a positive sense of community. This study is meaningful in that it verifies that the physical location of central squares is reciprocally related to psychological openness, accessibility and a sense of community. At the same time, this study may serve as theoretical grounds for the planning and construction of practical central squares.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.74
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• pp.159-188
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• 2023

This study examines the process of Chou Sun-Ae's spiritual formation in the light of Carl Jung's conception of individuation. Spirituality is defined in different ways by different scholars, but most consider self-transcendence as a necessary element. This self-transcendence can occur in the relationship with self, with others, and with the transcendent. In the relationship with the self, it appears as self-objectification; with others, it is as moving toward others; and in the relationship with the transcendent, it moves toward the transcendent. Spirituality is closely related to individual identity, in that it surrounds and integrates life. Spiritual formation is thus closely related to Jung's concept of individuation, as this involves the separation of persona and ego, and shadow recognition which are closely related to the level of self-objectification. In addition, the withdrawal of shadow projection that occurs in individuation is closely related to moving toward others, in that it recognizes the shadow instead of blaming others, allowing one to look at others without prejudice. The fact that Jesus Christ is the symbol of the Self, the driving force of the individuation process, tells us that spirituality leading to a relationship with the transcendent God and Jung's theory are closely related to each other. Thus, if we examine the process of spiritual formation through the Jung's individuation process, we can better understand the psychodynamic dimension of spirituality. This article investigates the process of Chou Sun-Ae's spiritual formation through Jung's individuation process. Throughout her 98 years, Chou Sun-Ae experienced national pain and hardships, as well as personal adversity and difficulties; but through all of these hardships, conflicts, and difficult moments, she accomplished individualization. Therefore, by examining the spiritual formation through individuation in Chou Sun-Ae, I consider the direction of Christian spiritual education. In this study, three main characteristics of Chou Sun-Ae's spiritual formation can be identified. First, through a life of repentance, the identification between persona and ego can be weakened. Second, the ego develops, and individualization is achieved, through a new calling. Third, in shadow integration, the spiritual development comes to recognize Jesus Christ on the cross and achieve the process of sanctification. Investigating the direction of Christian spiritual education through Chou Sun-Ae's spiritual formation indicates that Christian spiritual education should harmonize vertical and horizontal relations and should develop an experience of the transcendent God in everyday life. By this means, the believer can achieve Self-realization and be a true Christian who practices love for God and love for neighbors.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.69-84
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• 2000

It has been reported that the cancer patient's quality of life is influenced by the perceived health state, self-esteem, health locus of control, social support, whether there is a pain or not, the stage of a disease, the period of a disease, etc, and however, there has been scarcely the research into the fact at home whose cultural and social backgrounds are entire1y different from those of American and European Countries. Accordingly, the author of this thesis performed this study. considering that it is necessary to know the relations between the health locus of control which make it possible to predict the object's behavior related to health and to make plans to induce the object or patient into sound behavior and the quality of life which is closely related to the cancer patient's health, emotion, society, economy, etc. on the whole. This study, a cross-sectional one, includes 135 subjects of $in{\cdot}out$ patients registered at Y University Hospital whose age are more than 20 years, From these patients, data were collected for two weeks through the questionnaire which content concerns about the quality of life and the health locus of control. All the collected data were processed and analyzed through Student's t-test, ANOVA, and the calculation of Pearson Correlation Coefficient, using the SAS program 1. It appeared that the disposition of health locus of control was mostly inclined to the disposition of powerful other health locus of control($28.37{\pm}4.24$), then inclined to internal health locus of control($27.03{\pm}4.17$), and next to chance health locus of control($19.71{\pm}4.97$) By the way. the disposition of powerful other health locus of control appeared a tittle bit higher than internal health locus of control 2. The degree of the quality of life appeared to be 137.54 points in the average of total points and 3.11 in the average evaluation mark. It appeared that the quality of life was most significantly influenced by a factor of 'relations with neighbors' and least significantly influenced by factors of physical conditions and functions. 3. It appeared that the relation between the disposition of health locus of control and the quality of life has nothing to do with the relation between internal health locus of control and the quality of life(r=.1446, P>.05) and also with the relation between the disposition of powerful other health locus of control(r=.0385, P>.05). In conclusion, in the study it has been found out that there is no correlation between the health locus of control and the quality of life, and however it is sound to induce the cancer patient to internal health locus of control. Therefore, it is necessary that under the special circumstances, the cancer patient's behavior should be predicted, thereby inducing the patient to the sound change of his or her behavior. Also in order that the patient enjoys his or her life satisfactorily while living, It is deemed that some kind of multilateral meditation in health and treatment is necessary so that the patient can feel the relief of pain, better health, etc.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.117-126
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• 2010

In the case of failure images with controlling lighting like backlighting and excessive frontlinghting, the compensation scheme for a specific area in an image is required. The interested region is first selected by user in our method to compensate the first frame. Then we define the matching function of brightness and energy function is proposed with weight of matching function and the relationship among the neighbors. Finally, the energy is minimized by the graph-cut algorithm to compensate the brightness of the first frame. Other frames are straightforwardly compensated using the results of the first frame. The brightness variations of the previous frame is transmitted to the next frame via motion vectors. The reliability of the brightness variation is calculated based on the motion vector reliability. Video compensation result is achieved by the process of the image case. Simulation show that the proposed algorithm provides more natural results than the conventional algorithms.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.425-432
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze mission statements of social welfare centers. For this, we collected mission statements of 385 social welfare centers nationwide. We analyzed data using the NVivo 10 program. Analysis results found the total number of collected words was 1,401. The number of words corresponding to the target of organizations was 448 (32.0%), the number of words corresponding to problems was 51 (3.6%), the number of words corresponding to the directionality 118 (8.4%), the number of words corresponding to strategy was 545 (38.9%), and the number of words corresponding to organization's image was 239 (17.1%). Second, the words of the intervention target were resident of community, local community and community. Intervention issues included community problems, poverty, and social isolation. The words of the organizational directivity included welfare community/village, social welfare, and empowerment. Words related to organizational strategy were formation/building, sharing/serving, and improvement/development/improvement. Words related to the organizational image included in the mission statements were the welfare center, we, the professional agency, and the neighbors. By analyzing the mission statements, we found that social welfare centers portrayed its identity based on 'locality'. The distribution of the words related to the community was high in both the target, target, and direction. The limitations of this study include the exclusion of analyzing the relationship between organizational mission and organizational performance. This should be considered in future studies.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 1995

Purpose : To investigate the effect of alkaloid fraction from Korean ginseng on radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks (dsb) formation and repair in murine lymphocytes Materials and Methods : We used the neutral filter elution technique to assay $^{60}Co\;{\gamma}$ ray-induced DNA double strand breaks formation and repair in C57BL/6 mouse spleen lymphocytes for evaluating the dose-response relationship in the presence of alkaloid fraction as a radioprotective agent. The lymphocytes were stimulated with Phytohemagglutinin (PHA, 2 u g/ml) to label $^3[H]-thymidine.$ Isotope-labelled lymphocytes in suspension were exposed to 100 Gy at $0^{\cdot}C$ in the alkaloid fraction-treated group and elution procedure was performed at PH 9.6. The extents of formation of radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks and repair were compared respectively via strand scission factor (SSF) and relative strand scission factor (RSSF). Results: Alkaloid fraction reduced the formation of double strand breaks with dose modification factor of 2 15, compared to control group Rejoining of DNA dsb appeared to take place via two components. The first fast component was completed within 20.4 minutes, but the second slow component was not completed until 220.2 minutes after irradiation. About $30\%$ of dsb formed by irradiation was ultimately unrejoined despite the administration of alkaloid fraction. The administration of alkaloid fraction had a great effect on the second slow component of repair; the half-time of fast component repair was not changed, but that of slow component was 621.8 minutes. Conclusion: Neutral filter elution assay Proved to be a very effective method to quantitate the extents of DNA dsb formation and its repair. By using this technique, we were able to evaluate the efficiency of alkaloid fraction from Korean ginseng as a valuable radioprotector. Alkaloid fraction can be used prophylactically to prevent or ameliorate the severe radiation damages in workers and neighbors around the atomic power plants. For more refined study, however, more advanced purification of alkaloid fraction wil be needed in the near future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.412-425
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• 2016

Recently, the influence of the residential value of new town apartment houses has been increasing in the housing market; however, there has been little study on the relationship between the housing value and customer loyalty. This study analyzed the influence of the housing value on housing satisfaction and customer loyalty. To this end, this study conducted a survey targeting 519 residents in the second term new town. Accordingly, basic statistics, reliability and hypothesis test were carried out using SPSS 21.0 and ANOVA as an analysis method. The study results are as follows. First, as a result of factor analysis of the housing value, the factor was analyzed as 6 sorts, such as safety, sociality, convenience, economic feasibility, aesthetics, and comfort. Second, safety, comfort, and convenience among the factors in the housing value were found to have a significant influence on the housing satisfaction. This means that the concepts of property and assets reflect the development of new urban city apartments. Third, a new town house purchaser's positive housing value and housing satisfaction were found to increase customer loyalty. This greater satisfaction of the current residential apartment dwellers means that they are more likely to introduce their relatives and neighbors. These results suggest that a positive outlook of a new town householder on the housing value and housing satisfaction will eventually work more on revitalizing the housing market.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.47
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• pp.241-271
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• 2017

Film color is equivalent to other elements of film, including narrative, and has a textual meaning according to the identity of expression. In general, red has a function of focusing attention, and the meaning derived from it is diffused. In the interaction of text and context, the function of concentration and the meaning of diffusion can be presented. The concept of concentration and diffusion is shaped by the relationship between independent colors, colors and other cinematic elements, and interactions between colors. In order to confirm this, this study analyzes a series of popular Korean films, how film colors interact, and in particular, the concentration function of red and the meaning of proliferation. The results of this study are as follows. First, in Korean popular films, at its most basic, red symbolizes a nation, a people, and a nation. The red of nationalism surrounding ethnicity, nationality and country visualizes ideology and conflict. The purpose of an individual or group, the relationship between the offender and the victim is mediated through red. The flag, the name tag, the costume appearing in the film are red. This can be seen in films such as Train to Busan, Assassination, Masquerade, Miracle in Cell No.7, Brotherhood of War, Northern Limit Line, Joint Security Area, Welcome to Dongmakgol, and May 18. Second, the red color attached to the female body fixes or strengthens socio-cultural sexuality and gender. The examples are films like Ode to My Father, The Thieves, The Host, Purpose Of Love, Sunny, Like A Virgin, Forbidden Quest, Untold Scandal, Bewitching Attraction, and Ssanghwajeom. Third, the blood red in Korean films is a visual device that directs magical horror, anger, and asceticism. Such films include The Neighbors, Bunshinsaba, R-Point, A Tale Of Two Sisters, Whispering Corridors, The Uninvited, Thirst, SECTOR 7, Asura:The City of Madness, The Tiger, Veteran, and so on. Fourth, red of tears constitutes the specific emotions such as a beautiful desire and a brilliant tragedy in films like King and The Clown, Oldboy, Memories of Murder, 26 Years, The Attorney, Unbowed, Sympathy For Lady Vengeance, Happy End, Punch, Calling, The Yellow Sea, and He's on Duty.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.840-849
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• 2005

In order to investigate the relationship between intake conditions of health food and health-related factors by residence and sex in Tong-Young area, a survey was carried out from 1,303 adults. Health foods were classified 3 groups including vitamin and mineral supplements, toner foods and manufactured health food supplements. Health-related factors were stress, fatigue, smoking and drinking. The $29.5\%$ of the subjects had taken some health food for health. Especially the male took more toner foods habitually than the female did. In take of vitamin and mineral supplements by residence, there was a significant difference $(p\leq0.01)$ as follows. The subjects in island $(20.0\%)$ who took vitamin/mineral supplements were about two times as compared with the subjects in Dong $(10.8\%)$, or Eub-Myeon $(10.0\%)$. The subjects taking supplementary food replied over fair $(82.8\%)$, the subjects taking toner food replied over fair (90.3$\%$) scored higher than who replied bad or very bad in self-perceived health status. Therefore, the better the subjects felt self-perceived health status, the more they took health foods for health themselves. In self-perceived stress status, the subjects who replied a little $(50.0\%,\;45.3\%)$ or little $(19.9\%,\;26.4\%)$, took vitamin and mineral supplements or manufactured health foods a lot. In toner food there was a significant correlation $(p\leq0.05)$ as follows. The less the subjects felt stress, the more they took dietry supplement. No smoker $(12.9\%)$intake rate of vitamin and mineral supplements was higher than smoker $(8.8\%)$. Smokers $(6.5\%)$ intake rate of toner food was higher than no smoker $(4.0\%)$. It was not significant the relationship between intake condition of health food and drinking. The main motivation for taking health food were by self-decision and invitation of friends or neighbors.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2015

This study explores urban gardening and garden culture in residential area as an everydayness that has been overlooked during the modern period urbanization and investigates the meaning and value of urban gardening from the perspective of urban formations and growth in spontaneous urban residential area, Haebangchon. The result identified that urban gardening as a meaning of contemporary culture is a new clue to improving the urban physical environment and changing the lives and community network of residents. Haebangchon is one of the few remaining spontaneous habitations in Seoul, and was created as a temporary unlicensed shantytown in 1940s. It became the representative habitation for common people in downtown Seoul through the revitalization of the 60s and the local reform through self-sustaining redevelopment projects during the 70s through the 90s. This area still contains the image of times during the 50s to the 60s, the 70s to the 80s and present, with the percentage of long-term stay residents high. Within this context, the site is divided into third quarters, and the research undertaken by observation and investigation to determine characteristics of urban gardening as an everydayness. It can be said that urban gardening and garden culture in Haebangchon is a unique location culture that has accumulated in the crevices of the physical condition and culture of life. These places are an expression of resident's desires that seeking out nature and gardening as revealed in densely-populated areas and the grounds of practical acting and participating in care and cultivation. It forms a unique, indigenous local landscape as an accumulation of everyday life of residents. Urban gardens in detached home has retained the original function of the dwelling and the garden, or 'madang', and takes on the characteristic of public space through the sharing of a public nature as well as semi-private spatial characteristic. Also, urban gardens including small kitchen garden and flowerpots that appear in the narrow streets provide pleasure as a part of nature that blossoms in narrow alley and functions as a public garden for exchanging with neighbors by sharing produce. This paper provides the concept of redefining the relationship between the private-public area that occurs between outside spaces that are cut off in a modern city.