• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.125-138
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to review previous literature to determine the effects of nature-based program for workers. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency's guidance for undertaking systematic reviews for intervention. Literature search was performed using National Assembly Digital Library, Korean Studies Information Service System, and Korea Education & Research Information Service for literature published until March 2019. The participants were full-time workers, and intervention of nature-based programs was conducted in the outdoor, indoor, and indirect nature contact exposures, with comparators in the control group who did not receive the treatment. The results showed that the programs were effective in physical, psychological, and social health. The methodological quality of randomized controlled trials (RCT) was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias(RoB) tool, while non-randomized controlled trials (N-RCT) were assessed using the Cochrane Risk of bias assessment tool for non-randomized studuies (RoBANS). A total of 16 studies were selected for assessment: two RCTs, 10 N-RCTs, and four one-group pretest-posttest designs. Most interventions were provided at the workplace and in the community. There were many kinds of nature-based interventions, and forest therapy and horticultural therapy programs were most common. Various interventions for workers effectively improved job stress, depression, serum cortisol and stress-response. However, the included studies lacked methodological rigor. Future research is needed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of nature-based programs for workers using rigorous research designs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.55-58
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• 2006

There can be two definitions of modern ideal medical surroundings. One is medical services satisfied patients' with their desire and the other is places suited to remedy realized by rational operation. Particularly, in case of dental service, there is a need for an effective regard of moving lines and there are many rooms for a dental service belonged to a curer and not a curer. So a design has been developed by many concerns. flow do we proffer more familiar and comfortable places to both a curer and not a cuter. Nowadays, the design is making progress to the unprecedented and up-to-date direction. I would suggest a general plan used by a nature of an original art for this design. The design used by a nature between human beings and things is able to induce comforts and intimacies. So to speak, I would like to remove artificial design and keep up organic lines, shapes and forms of a nature like it is. This study grasps the organizational limitation of this design and the visual characteristic of organic forms used by harmonious image of a nature and a new way is applied to limited medical places, a dental service, based on the study. Also, I'm go to examine the meaning and worth of a new design and suggest the direction of it.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.59-79
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• 2021

Service-related research in accordance with the transition to the service economy era has been conducted in a wide variety of ways, but the development of a service-related scale suitable for the present time is still insignificant. The purpose of this study is to define the nature of services and to develop measurement items for them. First, four categories of service nature were adopted in the previous study. The four categories are 'relationship', 'interactivity', 'horizontality', and 'harmony'. In this study, sub-factors and specific items of each of these four service essences were extracted and developed as measurable items. As a qualitative study, the four categories of sub-factors were extracted, and a mixed study was adopted to prove the reliability and validity of the extracted factors through quantitative studies. The scale items were identified through literature study, free response method, and Delphi technique, and the measurement items were refined through a second questionnaire of 30 Delphi panels composed of experts. As a result of the study, 15 out of 52 questions for relationship, 11 out of 45 questions for bilateral direction, 9 out of 33 questions for horizontality, and 17 out of 61 questions for harmonization were derived after secondary refining. Through this study, it was possible to uncover new essential items suitable for the service economy era. SNS, network, synergy, platform, system, real name, and breakthrough are concepts that have not been obtained in previous studies, and can be seen as contributions of this study. However, due to various limitations, this study did not cover all aspects of the service, but mainly dealt with people-centered services, which are part of the service. In the future, it is necessary to study the development of service essence measurement items for the overall aspect of services developed according to the evolution of the service economy era.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.285-317
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• 2008

To accept the doctor's professional negligence in the medical malpractice, the mistakes, by which the doctor did not foresee the production of the results in spite of the possibility of foresight and did not avoid the production of the results in spite of the possibility of avoidance, must be considered, and to decide the presence of the doctor's professional negligence, the standard must be the attention standard of general-common doctor engaged in the same business and the same function, and the medical enviornments, the conditions, the extraordinary nature of medical behavior, and etc should be considered by the general level of medical science at the time of accident. This principlel must be applied to the medical malpractice case occurred being on duty without exception. But, because of the extraordinary nature of duty work, it is difficult for any doctor to do one's best technical practice by making all diagnosis, medical treatment with all the equipment on the same plane as the ordinary times. That cannot be also expected for any doctor to do one's best technical practice in the terms of a social idea. From this point of view looking into The Precedent case related to Medical-service person being on duty sentenced by The Supreme Court, unlike the general medical malpractice case, the presence of the professional negligence in the medical malpractice occurred being on duty seems to be decided with more consideration on the general level of medical science, the medical enviornments and the conditions, particularities of medical practice at the time of accident. Especially, the extraordinary nature of medical behavior of the medical service person being on duty in the emergency room seems to be admitted compared to that of the medical service person being on duty in ward.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.246-259
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate pre-service biology teachers' perception of the evolution. This study was to compare the views of pre-service biology teachers with no religion with those of christian preservice teachers. Subjects were 77 pre-service biology teachers who enrolled in an university and graduate school of education located in Seoul. The instrument of this study was a questionnaire which consisted of 14 items on 2 domains: the nature of science, the origins of human beings. The key results are as follows. Most pre-service teachers showed highly understanding of the characteristics of science. However pre-service biology teachers still possessed naive views on the distinction of law and theory. In terms of the methods of science, many of the pre-service biology teachers considered scientific theories to progress through the accumulation of observation and experiments or through changes and modifications in existing theories. Compared with the pre-service teachers with no religion, christian pre-service teachers had conflicting views and misconceptions about the origins of human beings. The factors of religion were found to be one of the important barriers which prevent them from understanding the origins of human beings. The results suggested that the education program for pre-service biology teachers integrating the concepts and development process of the scientific knowledges should be effective for understanding the nature of science. For pre-service biology teachers, It is important to understand conflicting views of the christian pre-service teachers who understand creationism as a science.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.688-694
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• 2005

The objective of this study is to identify factors affecting the job satisfaction of cook(n= 173) employed in school food service and to propose a plan to improve school foodservice quality. The subjects were cook employed by school in Chungchon province, Gwangju area. The average of cook's job satisfaction was 3.06, the rank factor for nature of work(4.25). the co-workers(3.28), the organic environment(3.17), promotion welfare payment(2.31), the physical environment(2.29) shown respectively. The highest satisfaction with nature of work and organic environment was indicated in the areas of the group of higher age, and cooks who received college education showed significantly lower job satisfaction in physical environment. The highest satisfaction for promotion welfare payment, and physical environment shown in the group of higher length of service who receive higher wages. The groups of regular job shown higher result in the nature of work(3.46>2.94), organic environment(3.46>2.94), promotion welfare payment(2.88>1.94) comparing to irregular job. It is necessary to elevate cook's low satisfaction for improving their work efficiency and the quality of elementary school foodservice.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.879-889
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• 2012

This study aims to investigate the effect of inquiry-based biology program of pre-service science teachers' perceptions on the nature of science and their affective domain of science. For the study, sixty-seven pre-service science teachers were sampled from students who enrolled in the 'Biology Laboratory', Spring semester, 2011. The experimental group taught by inquiry-based experiment and control group by observation-based experiment were composed. At the beginning and end of semester, pre- and post-tests on the nature of science and affective domain of science were administered. The average scores of experimental group were higher than those of control group in the post-test of the nature of science, but there were no significant differences between both groups (p>.05). For the post-test results of both groups' affective domain of science, the experimental group showed significantly higher scores than the control group in self-efficacy in science, importance of science, and importance of science for careers (p<.01). The inquiry-based biology program did not influence pre-service science teachers' perception on the nature of science, while it was effective for positive changes on pre-service science teachers' affective domain of science.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.359-371
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• 1997

The purpose of this investigation was to examine and compare pre-service and in-service secondary tearchers' beliefs about STS, particulary beliefs about the nature of science and technology and their interaction within society. For this study, a belief was defined as something that people believe and accept as true. Instrument used in this investigation was empirically developed multiple-choice instrument entitled the Tearchers' Belief about Science - Technology - Society(TBA-STS) by Peter A. Rubba and William L. Harkness. The result of survey showed that large percentages of the preservice and in-service secondary science teachers in the two samples held misconception about the nature of science and technology and their interactions within society. And there was no apparent difference between the samples on their beliefs about STS interactions.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.255-270
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to consider pre-service and in-service elementary school teachers' beliefs about STS (Science-Technology-Society), by investigating their opinions on STS interactions. 222 of the seniors in Jinju National University of Education, namely pre-service elementary school teachers, and 185 of the active teachers in Kyung-Nam Province were selected as the objects for researching these matters. Their beliefs about STS interactions were examined. The results were analyzed with a percentage as an examining tool of TBA-STS(Teachers' Beliefs about Science-Technology-Society). The results were as follows; First, on the nature of science, most of them showed simple opinions. On the nature of technology, most of them also showed simple opinions. most of them recognized the interactions among science, technology, and society affirmatively. They showed simple opinions on the interactions between science and technology. In fact, they didn't recognize the interactions between science and society, but they knew the influence of technology on society relatively concretely. Second, if one consider the cognitive situation or the distributing route of STS, he can easily find that most teachers never or little know it. At present, pre-service teachers learn STS from the lectures in their universities, and in-service teachers get information about it from science magazines/newspapers and training.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.68 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyze changes in pre-service chemistry teachers' cognition of the nature of model in the evaluation and modification process of model using technology. Changes in cognition of the nature of model were analyzed focusing on the 'Abstraction' and 'Simplification' of the 'Representational aspect', 'Interpretation', 'Reasoning', 'Explanation' and 'Quantification' of the 'Explanatory aspect' that were deemed insufficient for pre-chemistry teachers in previous study. For this purpose, 19 third-year pre-service chemistry teachers at a teacher's college in Chungcheongbuk-do were asked to evaluate the model related to Boyle's law developed using technology, revise the model based on the evaluation results, and make a final evaluation. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that pre-service chemistry teachers' cognition of 'Simplification' of the 'Representational aspect' and 'Interpretation', 'Explanation', and 'Quantification' of the 'Explanatory aspect' changed positively through the evaluation and modification process of the model. Therefore, it was found that the evaluation and modification process of the model plays a key role in changing the cognition of the nature of model. However, there was little change in cognition of 'Abstraction' of the 'Representational aspect' and 'Reasoning' of the 'Explanatory aspect'. The cognition of these factors can be seen as more difficult to change than the cognition of other factors. To solve this problem, more sophisticated educational design for pre-service chemistry teachers is needed.