• 경영과학
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1997

We consider a problem of estimating the economics of scale for the natural gas industries. The goal programming/constrained regression is employed for estimating the economics of scale for the natural gas industry, and the problem is formulated as a linear programing problem. Also the translog cost function is used to represent the cost structure for the natural gas industry. The Korean Gas Corporation was selected as a case study, and we demonstrate that the suggested goal programming/constrained regression approach is appropriate for estimating the economies of scale for the Korean nature gas industry.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.493-496
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• 2010

At present, Metal Oxide gas Sensors (MOXs) are widely used in gas detection because of its advantages, including high sensitivity and low cost. However, MOX presents well-known problems, including lack of selectivity and environment effect, which has motivated studies on different measurement strategies and signal-processing algorithms. In this paper, we present an artificial neural network (ANN) that models an MOX sensor (TGS822) used in a dynamic environment. This model takes into account dependence in relative humidity and in gas nature. Using MATLAB interface in the design phase and optimization, the proposed model is implemented as a component in an electronic simulator library and accurately expressed the nonlinear character of the response and that its dependence on temperature and relative humidity were higher than gas nature.

• 천문학회보
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.43.2-43.2
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• 2014

We investigate the ionized gas kinematics at the center of 6 nearby Seyfert galaxies, using the integral field spectroscopy data from the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field spectroscopy Area survey Data Release 1. To understand the kinematic nature of the ionized gas in the narrow-line regions (NLRs), we measured the flux, velocity, and velocity dispersion of the [OIII] $5007{\AA}$ and Ha $6563{\AA}$ emission lines, after subtracting a best-fit stellar population model representing the stellar features. At the same time, we measured stellar velocity as a reference for the systemic velocity, and stellar velocity dispersion. We spatially resolved the velocity structure of the ionized gas using each emission line and compared it to that of stars. In this poster we present the flux, velocity, and velocity dispersion maps of the ionized gas and stars, and discuss the nature of the ionized gas outflows in the central kiloparsec scale.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.370-377
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• 2018

Ball valve has been widely used in the field of high-pressure gas pipeline as an important component because of its low flow resistance and good leakage performance. The present paper focuses on the flow nature at the downstream of the ball valve used for gas pipelines according to valve opening rates. Steady 3-D RANS equations, SC/Tetra, have been introduced to analyze the flow characteristics inside the ball valve. Numerical boundary conditions at the inlet and outlet of the valve system are imposed by mass flow-rate and pressure, respectively. Velocity distributions obtained by numerical simulation are compared with respect to the valve opening rates of 30, 50, and 70%. Cavity distributions, asymmetry flow velocity and the flow stabilization point at each opening rate are also compared. When the valve opening rates are 30 and 50%, the flow stabilization requires the sufficient length of 10D or more due to the influence of the recirculation flow at the downstream of the valve.

• 천문학회지
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.103-115
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• 2020

We analyze the spatially resolved kinematics of gas and stars for a sample of ten hidden type 1 AGNs in order to investigate the nature of their central sources and the scaling relation with host galaxy stellar velocity dispersion. We select our sample from a large number of hidden type 1 AGNs, which are identified based on the presence of a broad (full width at half maximum ≳1000 km s^-1) component in the Hα line profile and which are frequently mis-classified as type 2 AGNs because AGN continuum and broad emission lines are weak or obscured in the optical spectral range. We used the Blue Channel Spectrograph at the 6.5-m Multiple Mirror Telescope to obtain long-slit data with a spatial scale of 0.3 arcsec pixel^-1. We detected broad Hβ lines for only two targets; however, the presence of strong broad Hα lines indicates that the AGNs we selected are all low-luminosity type 1 AGNs. We measured the velocity, velocity dispersion, and flux of stellar continuum and gas emission lines (i.e., Hβ and [O III]) as a function of distance from the center. The spatially resolved gas kinematics traced by Hβ or [O III] are generally similar to the stellar kinematics except for the inner center, where signatures of gas outflows are detected. We compare the luminosity-weighted effective stellar velocity dispersions with the black hole masses and find that our hidden type 1 AGNs, which have relatively low back hole masses, follow the same scaling relation as reverberation-mapped type 1 AGN and more massive inactive galaxies.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제20권44호
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• pp.93-101
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• 1997

This paper describes the application of Genetic Algorithms(GAs) to nonlinear constrained mixed optimization problems. Genetic Algorithms are combinatorial in nature, and therefore are computationally suitable for treating discrete and integer design variables. But, several problems that conventional GAs are ill defined are application of penalty function that can be adapted to transform a constrained optimization problem into an unconstrained one and premature convergence of solution. Thus, we developed an improved GAs to solve this problems, and two examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the methodology developed in this paper.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2004년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2004
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• pp.28-30
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• 2004

The West-East Nature Gas Pipeline is a great project in China. Advanced remote sensing technology combined with GIS and GPS is used to select the favorable plan from various possible routes through interpreting the information of topographic landform, regional geology, disaster geology, traffic conditions and nature environment from remote sensing images. There are a lot of changes in geographical and environmental factors along such pipelines due to the rapid development in China. Image maps produced from new satellite data can identify these changes and be used successfully not only on route-selection studies but also on in situ investigation, together with GPS. Results from detail analysis provide necessary information and parameters for plan, design and construction of the pipeline and they are also the basic data for the pipeline database. The set of techniques has been applied on planning and designing several pipelines successfully.

• 센서학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.382-387
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• 2020

Hydrogen (H₂) is considered as a new clean energy resource for replacing petroleum because it produces only H₂O after the combustion process. However, owing to its explosive nature, it is extremely important to detect H₂ gas in the ambient atmosphere. This has triggered the development of H₂ gas sensors. 2-dimensional (2D) graphene has emerged as one of the most promising candidates for chemical sensors in various industries. In particular, graphene exhibits outstanding potential in chemoresistive gas sensors for the detection of diverse harmful gases and the control of indoor air quality. Graphene-based chemoresistive gas sensors have attracted tremendous attention owing to their promising properties such as room temperature operation, effective gas adsorption, and high flexibility and transparency. Pristine graphene exhibits good sensitivity to NO₂ gas at room temperature and relatively low sensitivity to H₂ gas. Thus, research to control the selectivity of graphene gas sensors and improve the sensitivity to H₂ gas has been performed. Noble metal decoration and metal oxide decoration on the surface of graphene are the most favored approaches for effectively controlling the selectivity of graphene gas sensors. Herein, we introduce several strategies that enhance the sensitivity of graphene gas sensors to H₂ gas.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.101-104
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• 1995

In an attempt to understand the nature of hyperthermal ion-surface collisions, noble gas ion beams (He+, Ne+, Ar+, and Xe+) are scattered from a Si(100) surface for collision energies of 20-300 eV and for 45°incidence angle. The scattered ions are mass-analyzed using a quadrupole mass spectrometer and their kinetic energy is measured in a time-of-flight mode. The scattering event for He+ and Ne+ can be approximated as a sequence of quasi-binary collisions with individual Si atoms for high collision energies (Ei > 100 eV), but it becomes of a many-body nature for lower energies, Ar+ and Xe+ ions undergo mutliple large impact parameter collisions with the surface atoms. The effective mass of a surface that these heavy ions experience during the collision increases drastically for low beam energies.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2001

The phenomena of two-phase suspension flows appear widely in nature and industrial processes. Hence, it is of great importance to understand the mechanism of the gas-solid two-phase flows. In the present study, the numerical simulation has been approached by utilizing the Eulerian-Lagrangian methodology for describing the characteristics of the fluid and particulate phases in a vertical pipe and a 90°square-sectioned bend. The continuous phase(gas phase) is described by the Eulerian formulation and a κ-ε turbulence model is employed to find mean and turbulent properties of the gas phase. The particle properties(velocity and trajectory) are then described by a Lagrangian approach and computed using the mean velocity and turbulent fluctuating velocity of the gas phase. The predictions are compared with measurements by laser-Doppler velocimeter for the validation. As a result, the calculated results show good agreements.