• Mycobiology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.443-449
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• 2020

Two new species, Thelopsis ullungdoensis and Phylloblastia gyeongsangbukensis are described from Ullung-Do (Island), South Korea. The closest relatives from Europe and Korea are epiphytic Thelopsis flaveola which differs by their immersed or semi-immersed yellow ascomata, ascospores without halo and their habitat of smooth bark (mainly Fagus) in humid and cold climates. Thelopsis gangwondoensis differs by its bigger semi-immersed ascomata (600-700 ㎛ in diam.), oblong halonate ascospores (8-12 × 6-8 ㎛) and its habitat of smooth bark of deciduous trees. P. gyeongsangbukensis differs from its relatives within the genus in having 5-septate ascospores (22-26 × 6-8 ㎛), semi-immersed, subglobose ascomata with a flattened top (250-400 ㎛) and a thin, matt, uneven gray-brown to gray-green continuous thallus without isidia.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1033-1054
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• 2020

Repeated use of land is depleting future resources and causing many ecological problems, prompting the need for a natural resource policy focusing on effective conservation. This study aims to identify methods based on international cases useful for introducing sustainable conservation of domestic natural resources. Currently, South Korea has developed and enforced many management and evaluation strategies for natural resources. However, due to limitations on policies and management, they show signs of strain. Therefore, this study compares and analyzes international conservation policies for nature and scenery, such as Germany's impact mitigation regulation, the USA's HEA (habitat equivalency analysis) and REA (resource equivalency analysis) policies, and Japan's three laws for landscape and greenery, to achieve the following three goals: first, find natural resources suitable for South Korea and define them. Second, plan goals for mitigation of total natural resources and build a basis for them. Third, establish effective complete plans for evaluating the total amount of natural resources.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.494-496
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• 1999

Natural habitats for Calanthe species were generally established in forests of deciduous broad-leaved trees. The habitat areas had lower summer temperatures, more precipitation, and harrow humidity ranging 75~90% throughout the year than adjacent non-habitat areas. The most influential factor on the habitat establishment was light intensity. The light levels in the habitats are cut down by tree canopies, which also reduce temperature before the defoliation in autumn. The most frequent distribution of the habitat was in the areas with light intensity of 400~1,500 lux under tree canopies and of 30,000~50,000 lux in winter after defoliation. Calanthe was characteristically distributed in the broad-leaved forests where high levels of light are reduced in summer, and cold temperatures in winter are insulated by mulched layers of fallen leaves.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1341-1353
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• 2017

This study aimed to identify the aquatic and riparian factors associated with the presence/absence of the Eurasian otter in the Nakdong river basin, where the species is relatively more abundant than other otter species. Environmental factors and presence records were collected. Geographical Information System technology and chi-square test were used to compare environmental gradients in aquatic and riparian factors between presence and absence sites. Aquatic habitat attributes were evaluated with natural riverside sandbars and channel crossing artificial structures, the ratio of channel width to alluvial plain width, riverbed substrate, and flow diversity. Riverbank characteristics, bank materials, man-made embankment types, and land use/land cover of inland and riverside areas were selected as riparian habitat attributes. Compared to the aquatic attributes, riparian attributes were highly significant when assessing otter presence and absence sites, suggesting that conservation of suitable riparian areas to provide maternity and resting areas for otter species is essential in the Nakdong river basin. None of the aquatic attributes examined were statistically significant when evaluating otter presence or absence. These results indicate that the presence of suitable riparian area for resting and reproduction habitats is more critical to the presence of Eurasian otter than food availability in aquatic areas. To inform implementation of effective conservation actions, broad-scale factors, such as watershed attributes, would be needed to further assess habitat conditions of the Eurasian otter.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.445-457
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• 2007

This report studied the individual number, their favorite habitat, and change pattern of family and group number in Cheolwon Basin, starting in the early Oct. 2004 until late March. 2005 to investigate the ecological features of the Red-crowned Crane and the White-naped Crane. The Cranes arrived Cheolwon Basin in mid-October until next mid-March, and passed the winter in mid-November until next late-February The most visiting number amounted to 550 individuals and, that period was the most frosting mid-January to mid-February. The White-naped Crane visited Cheolwon Basin in autumn, the early winter and spring. Approximately, the wintering-number is 550 individuals, also, the mid-March was the peak-period of arrival and, the number amounted to 2,162 individuals. The cranes chose the farming area around mountains as their wintering habitat and were less likely to choose the farming area around lake as habitat. The Red-crowned Crane and the White-naped Crane showed the different periodical pattern in familial and group numbers. In case of the crane, the familial pattern was stable, but varied in grouping number, and this pattern was similar to the variation of overall individual number. And, also, the most grouping number was shown in the most freezing period of wintering period. The White-naped Crane showed the similar pattern of the Red-crowned Crane that is, stable family number and varying group number, this pattern affected the total number of entire individuals. Grouping number increased in migration period. Parasite infection rate is G japonensis 35.0%, G vipio 38.7%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.103-114
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for habitat restoration by implementing a series of processes of capturing and translocating Kaloula borealis and managing them in artificial breeding facilities. The study site in Samcheon, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do was a waste landfill site in the past, and Kaloula borealis was found during the Samcheon Ecological River Restoration Project around March 2018. To restore the habitat, a plan was established to capture, translocate, artificially breed, and release Kaloula borealis at the site. The capture methods of adult Kaloula borealis were pitfall trap and drift fence, direct capture, and deep barrels. During 2018-2019, 86 adults of Kaloula borealis were captured and translocated to artificial breeding facilities. VIE-tagging was inserted under the skin for monitoring. For artificial breeding, Gryllus bimaculatus with oyster powder and vegetables were regularly supplied to feed Kaloula borealis. At the end of October 2020, 150 young Kaloula borealis raised in artificial breeding facilities were found not entering hibernation, so they were managed in a separate artificial breeding facility. Some young and adult Kaloula borealis currently hibernating will be scheduled to be continuously managed in artificial breeding facilities and released to the restored habitat in the spring of 2021.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.73-84
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• 2019

In this research, it is a basic study to investigate the population of birds using UAVs. The research area is Ardeidae species(ASP) habitat and has long-term monitoring. The purpose of the study is to compare the ASP populations which analyzed ground observational survey and UAVs imagery. We used DJI's Mavic pro and Phantom4 for this research. Before investigating the population of ASP, we measured the escape distance by the UAVs, and the escape distances of the two UAVs models were statistically significant. Such a result would be different in UAV size and rotor(rotary wing) noise. The population of ASP who analyzed the ground observation and UAVs imagery count differed greatly. In detail, the population(mean) on the ground observation was 174.9, and the UAVs was 247.1 ~ 249.9. As a result of analyzing the UAVs imagery, These results indicate that the lower the UAVs camera altitude, the higher the ASP population, and the lower the UAVs camera altitude, the higher the resolution of the images and the better the reading of the individual of ASP. And we confirmed analyzed images taken at various altitudes, the individuals of ASP was not statistically significant. This is because the resolution of the phantom was superior to that of mavic pro. Our research is fundamental compared to similar studies. However, long-term monitoring for ASP of South Korea's by ground observation is a barrier of the reliability of the monitoring result. We suggested how to use UAVs which can improve long-term monitoring for ASP habitat.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.63-74
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• 2023

Background: Comparing with the several types of infrastructures, linear infrastructures are known to facilitate the spread of undesirable species in ecosystems. Recently, some new man-made habitats (e.g., gravel pads of the high-voltage towers, solid wastes and sewage habitats) were established along the Deltaic Mediterranean coast of Egypt as a result of the construction of the E-W coastal international highway. The current study evaluates the floristic composition associated with the pads of high-voltage towers that had been constructed for stabilizing the power line towers in the North Nile Delta. Plant cover was measured for 22 randomly stand. Results: Eighty-four species were recorded, of which 35 are perennials (41.6%), 2 biennials (2.3%) and 47 annuals (56.0%) belonging to 23 families. The largest families were Asteraceae (16 species), Poaceae (15 species), Chenopodiaceae (12 species), and Fabaceae (7 species). Ten aliens (10.7%) out of the 84 species were recorded. Therophytes have the highest percentage (58%), followed by hemicryptophytes (14%), chamaephytes (11%). Six vegetation groups were recognized in the study area after the application of two way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN), Arthrocnemum macrostachyum, Phragmites australis, and Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum have the highest presence percentage. Both of Salsola cyclophylla and Solanum villosum were recorded for the first time in North Nile Delta. Natural habitat had the highest α-diversity, but the lowest β-diversity (4.9, 15.4), while gravel pads had the reverse (2.7, 30.8). Some species which are native to the desert habitats (e.g., Rumex pictus, Salsola kali, and Carthamus tenuis) were able to invade the North Nile Delta. Conclusions: Habitat of gravel pads is an expressing form about the intense of disturbance in Deltaic Mediterranean coast of Egypt. More of efforts should be carried out to avoid more human disturbances that creating as ruderal habitats which open the gate to invasive species in the flora of North Nile Delta.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.255-266
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• 2022

This study was conducted to examine the effects of grass vegetation (W: manual weeding, NW: herbicide sprays) and pyrethroid spray (P: pyrethroid spray, NP: no pyrethroid spray) on the population dynamics of Panonychus citri and natural enemies in citrus orchards. Two essential hypothesis were made to test the population dynamics: 1) weed planting promotes natural enemies by offering habitat and alternative food sources, resulting in the reduction of P. citri populations, and 2) pyrethroid spray removes natural enemies by its non-selective toxicity, resulting in the increasement of P. citri populations. The observed natural enemy populations (mainly Phytoseiids and Agistemus sp.) were not different largely from the expected values in the hypothesis, which assumes more abundant natural enemies in weeds and no pyrethroid plots. Although some discrepancy was occurred in NW+NP and W+NP plots in 2011, the observed values were almost same with expected values in 2012. In overall, pesticide effect was strongly significant and pyrthroids removed largely natural enemies. Although habitat (weeds) effect showed a conflict result, natural enemy population increased in plots allowing weed growth, when considering the increased autumn population relatively compared to that of spring-summer population. The decreased abnormal P. citri populations in pyrethroid plots could be explained under the assumption of a strong repellent behavior of P. citri to the pyrethroids.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.98-109
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• 2011

Habitat restoration initiative is an important factor for the on-site preservation of butterflies. A new habitat necessitates the investigation of the ecology of the butterfly, the landscape of the habitat, the work process, and a cost analysis. In this study, these factors were analyzed through1) re-consideration of the secured results from three years of field work, and 2) a habitat area estimation conducted according to the presence or absence of larvae and adults via a Parnassius bremeri Bremer survey. The investigation of the natural habitat, done for both larvae and adult butterflies found in South Korea, suggested that multiple patches with a minimum size exceeding $300m^2$ and with an average size of about $1,600m^2$were required for survival of this butterfly. Therefore, more than five patches should be considered for butterfly habitat and patches should have similarity to the present habitat environment with transplantation plans for diet plants and honeydew plants. In addition, to activate the migration of the butterfly, cutting down trees that are obstacles to migration, minimizing the distance between patches and the addition of a stepping patch are also required. A patch connectivity analysis showed that patches should be located within 300m of neighboring patches, as the migration of the butterfly will fail if it is more than 600m. Additionally, more than $10,000m^2$ for a single patch or a patch network composed more than five patches over $1,600m^2$ in size were recommended, with a total patch size of $8,000m^2$. Additionally, neighboring multiple patch networks are more desirable than a single habitat in the event a cyclic habitat pattern arises. In this study, we suggest a habitat restoration and optimal prerequisites for a butterfly habitat. It is expected that this research will lead to the creation of a good model for the restoration of butterfly species.