• Title/Summary/Keyword: National brand

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The Effects of The Parent Brand-Congruity on the Attitude to Expanded Brand (모 브랜드-일치성이 확장브랜드에 대한 태도에 미치는 영향)

  • Kang, Min-Jung;Hwang, Hee-Joong
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.77-89
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    • 2019
  • Purpose - This study presents the relationships between parent brand-self image congruence, parent brand -functional congruity, perceived fit between parent brand and extension product, and consumer's attitude toward extension product using the structural equation model. As for preceding concepts having a direct effect on consumer's attitude toward brand extension, the study focuses on parent brand-self image congruence and parent brand-functional congruity. It also looks at the effect of parent brand-self image congruence and parent brand-functional congruity on the consumer's attitude toward extension product and identifies if the perceived fit between parent brand and extension product is a concept playing a mediating role between parent brand-self image congruence or parent brand-functional congruity and consumer's attitude toward brand extension product. Research design, data, and Methodology - SPSS for Windows 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 were used for data analysis. Then, the Cronbach's α coefficient was obtained using SPSS for Windows 18.0 to measure reliability. In addition, the convergence and discriminative measures of the measured items were statistically verified using AMOS 18.0. Finally, we have validated a path model and a parameter model in which brand personality-self-matched attitude toward brand extension. Results - Studies have shown that the impact of parent brand-self image consistency and parent brand-functional consistency on the attitude of extended products was positive. Perceived fit between parent brand and extension products has been shown to play a role of intermediary between parent brand-self image congruence and consumer attitudes to extended products. However, perceived fit between parent brand and extension products did not play a role as intermediary between the parent brand-functional congruity and the attitude toward the extended product. Finally, in relation to the causal relationship between parent brand-congruity (self image/functionality) and attitudes to extended products. The effect of parent brand-functional coherency on attitudes toward extended products was found to be greater in groups with higher involvement than in those with lower involvement. Conclusions - Although few studies have been done on what variables mediated when parent brand-self image consistency and parent brand-functional coherency affect consumer attitude, this paper is significant in finding whether perceived fitness between the parent brand-congruity and the extension product is mediated.

The Effect of Price Discount Frequency on Consumer Evaluation of Clothing Brand Equity (가격 할인 빈도가 소비자의 의류 상표자산평가에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구)

  • Choi, Jung;Rhee, Eun-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.25 no.6
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    • pp.1025-1036
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    • 2001
  • This paper explores the effects of price discount frequency on consumer evaluation of clothing brand equity as well as the impact on consumers who exhibit different consumer characteristics. Following a preliminary investigation, two clothing brand groups were identified according to the frequency of their price discounts, one with a high frequency of price discounts, the other with a low frequency. Each brand group consisted of three women's clothing brands. A questionnaire was developed and administered to 351 females between the ages of nineteen and thirty-four in October 2000. The questionnaire included questions on evaluations on clothing brand equity (i.e., perceived quality, brand image, perceived value, reliability and brand knowledge), on consumer characteristics (i.e., clothing knowledge, clothing evaluative criteria, price perception and demographic characteristics), as well as on price discount frequency. Statistical tests, such as factor analysis. t-test and pearson's correlation, were used to analyze the data. Results of this research showed that price discount frequency negatively impacted consumer perception of clothing brand equity. The negative influence was particularly strong on the perceived quality and brand image dimensions of brand equity. The findings also suggested the effect of price discount frequency on consumer assessment of clothing brand equity was related to consumer characteristics as well. The equity of the clothing brand group with a low frequency of price discounts was positively related to clothing knowledge, price-quality inference, price-prestige inference, sale prone-ness. price mavenism, valuing the fashionable and symbolic uses of clothing and family income. On the other hand, it was negatively related to low price consciousness. The equity of the clothing brand group with a high frequency of price discounts was positively related to utilitarian economic aspects of clothing values as well as to low price consciousness. To establish and maintain high brand equity, marketers must pay attention to the frequency of price discount as it may have a negative impact on clothing brand equity.

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New Zealand National Brand expressed in Fashion Design

  • Yum, Hae Jung
    • Journal of Fashion Business
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    • v.22 no.6
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    • pp.115-130
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    • 2018
  • This study looked at how New Zealand's national brand is expressed in fashion design. In other words, the objective of this study was to offer a research methodology about the process that the conceptual national brand materializes through design. The method used in this research was the review of previous literature and research reports for New Zealand national branding. A direct market survey on the characteristics of fashion brands in each travel destination was conducted from February 2017 to February 2018. New Zealand announced its slogan for the national brand '100% pure New Zealand' in 1999, and in 2003 it announced the slogan 'new thinking New Zealand' with the value of 'newness' and 'innovation'. It also has 'Maori branding'. The study found that the three slogans had a consistent link from keywords to associated visual images. The above results were compared to the reminiscent visual images extracted from the website contents of the fashion brand. Then, using a t-shirt as an item, the t-shirt corresponding to each group was classified, and the design element analyzed. As a result, the four groups showed images of 'New Zealand ecology image', 'ethnic & Kiwiana image', 'nostalgic travel image' and 'pop image'.

Brand Equity and Purchase Intention in Fashion Products: A Cross-Cultural Study in Asia and Europe (상표자산과 구매의도와의 관계에 관한 국제비교연구 - 아시아와 유럽의 의류시장을 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Kyung-Hoon;Ko, Eun-Ju;Graham, Hooley;Lee, Nick;Lee, Dong-Hae;Jung, Hong-Seob;Jeon, Byung-Joo;Moon, Hak-Il
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.245-276
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    • 2008
  • Brand equity is one of the most important concepts in business practice as well as in academic research. Successful brands can allow marketers to gain competitive advantage (Lassar et al.,1995), including the opportunity for successful extensions, resilience against competitors' promotional pressures, and the ability to create barriers to competitive entry (Farquhar, 1989). Branding plays a special role in service firms because strong brands increase trust in intangible products (Berry, 2000), enabling customers to better visualize and understand them. They reduce customers' perceived monetary, social, and safety risks in buying services, which are obstacles to evaluating a service correctly before purchase. Also, a high level of brand equity increases consumer satisfaction, repurchasing intent, and degree of loyalty. Brand equity can be considered as a mixture that includes both financial assets and relationships. Actually, brand equity can be viewed as the value added to the product (Keller, 1993), or the perceived value of the product in consumers' minds. Mahajan et al. (1990) claim that customer-based brand equity can be measured by the level of consumers' perceptions. Several researchers discuss brand equity based on two dimensions: consumer perception and consumer behavior. Aaker (1991) suggests measuring brand equity through price premium, loyalty, perceived quality, and brand associations. Viewing brand equity as the consumer's behavior toward a brand, Keller (1993) proposes similar dimensions: brand awareness and brand knowledge. Thus, past studies tend to identify brand equity as a multidimensional construct consisted of brand loyalty, brand awareness, brand knowledge, customer satisfaction, perceived equity, brand associations, and other proprietary assets (Aaker, 1991, 1996; Blackston, 1995; Cobb-Walgren et al., 1995; Na, 1995). Other studies tend to regard brand equity and other brand assets, such as brand knowledge, brand awareness, brand image, brand loyalty, perceived quality, and so on, as independent but related constructs (Keller, 1993; Kirmani and Zeithaml, 1993). Walters(1978) defined information search as, "A psychological or physical action a consumer takes in order to acquire information about a product or store." But, each consumer has different methods for informationsearch. There are two methods of information search, internal and external search. Internal search is, "Search of information already saved in the memory of the individual consumer"(Engel, Blackwell, 1982) which is, "memory of a previous purchase experience or information from a previous search."(Beales, Mazis, Salop, and Staelin, 1981). External search is "A completely voluntary decision made in order to obtain new information"(Engel & Blackwell, 1982) which is, "Actions of a consumer to acquire necessary information by such methods as intentionally exposing oneself to advertisements, taking to friends or family or visiting a store."(Beales, Mazis, Salop, and Staelin, 1981). There are many sources for consumers' information search including advertisement sources such as the internet, radio, television, newspapers and magazines, information supplied by businesses such as sales people, packaging and in-store information, consumer sources such as family, friends and colleagues, and mass media sources such as consumer protection agencies, government agencies and mass media sources. Understanding consumers' purchasing behavior is a key factor of a firm to attract and retain customers and improving the firm's prospects for survival and growth, and enhancing shareholder's value. Therefore, marketers should understand consumer as individual and market segment. One theory of consumer behavior supports the belief that individuals are rational. Individuals think and move through stages when making a purchase decision. This means that rational thinkers have led to the identification of a consumer buying decision process. This decision process with its different levels of involvement and influencing factors has been widely accepted and is fundamental to the understanding purchase intention represent to what consumers think they will buy. Brand equity is not only companies but also very important asset more than product itself. This paper studies brand equity model and influencing factors including information process such as information searching and information resources in the fashion market in Asia and Europe. Information searching and information resources are influencing brand knowledge that influences consumers purchase decision. Nine research hypotheses are drawn to test the relationships among antecedents of brand equity and purchase intention and relationships among brand knowledge, brand value, brand attitude, and brand loyalty. H1. Information searching influences brand knowledge positively. H2. Information sources influence brand knowledge positively. H3. Brand knowledge influences brand attitude. H4. Brand knowledge influences brand value. H5. Brand attitude influences brand loyalty. H6. Brand attitude influences brand value. H7. Brand loyalty influences purchase intention. H8. Brand value influence purchase intention. H9. There will be the same research model in Asia and Europe. We performed structural equation model analysis in order to test hypotheses suggested in this study. The model fitting index of the research model in Asia was $X^2$=195.19(p=0.0), NFI=0.90, NNFI=0.87, CFI=0.90, GFI=0.90, RMR=0.083, AGFI=0.85, which means the model fitting of the model is good enough. In Europe, it was $X^2$=133.25(p=0.0), NFI=0.81, NNFI=0.85, CFI=0.89, GFI=0.90, RMR=0.073, AGFI=0.85, which means the model fitting of the model is good enough. From the test results, hypotheses were accepted. All of these hypotheses except one are supported. In Europe, information search is not an antecedent of brand knowledge. This means that sales of global fashion brands like jeans in Europe are not expanding as rapidly as in Asian markets such as China, Japan, and South Korea. Young consumers in European countries are not more brand and fashion conscious than their counter partners in Asia. The results have theoretical, practical meaning and contributions. In the fashion jeans industry, relatively few studies examining the viability of cross-national brand equity has been studied. This study provides insight on building global brand equity and suggests information process elements like information search and information resources are working differently in Asia and Europe for fashion jean market.

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A Study on Children's Wear Brand Positioning according to the Fashion Life Style of Missy Woman (신세대 주부의 의생활 양식 유형에 따른 아동복 상표 포지셔닝에 관한 연구)

  • Ku, Yang-Suk;Lee, Seung-Min;Park, Hyun-Hee
    • Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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    • v.2 no.4
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    • pp.308-316
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    • 2000
  • The purposes of this study were to identify the brand positioning of children's wear according to fashion life style and to construct brand positioning maps by using multidimensional scaling (MDS). A total of 222 responses were collected from married women aged 25 to 35 through questionnaire. Cluster analysis on fashion life style factors identified three groups: Fashion Indifference group (34%), Fashion & Individuality Oriented group (27%) and Rationality Oriented group (37%). ANOVA revealed significant differences among the three groups on the six fashion life style factors. MDS analysis showed that three segmented groups evaluated nine children's wear brand for seven attributes(color, design, price, utility, quality, brand name, fashion).

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Distributor's Multilateral Bargaining Strategy in the Vertically Differentiated Product Market (수직적으로 차별화된 제품시장 내에서 유통업체의 다자간 협상전략에 관한 연구)

  • Cho, Hyung-Rae;Rhee, Minho;Lim, Sang-Gyu
    • Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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    • v.38 no.2
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    • pp.31-39
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    • 2015
  • In this paper, we study the bargaining strategy of a distributor who sells vertically differentiated, i.e. high and low brand products. We derive and analyze the equilibrium solutions for both simultaneous and sequential bargaining games among the distributor, the high brand product manufacturer and the low brand product manufacturer. The result shows that the optimal bargaining strategy for the distributor heavily depends on the relative quality and price level of the low brand product comparing to those of the high brand product. It is also shown that, for more bargaining profit, the distributor has strong motivation to prefer a low brand product which has lower quality level per unit price.

Impact of Economic Value in the O2O Distribution Channel on Brand Attractiveness and Performance

  • Seok-Beom, CHOI;Hye-Young, JOO;Hokey, MIN;Qaiser Farooq, DAR;Young-Hyo, AHN
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.7-20
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    • 2023
  • Purpose: With the unique feature of O2O, consumers are now able to check the profile of the services and products online and then consume them in offline venues or vice versa. This study provides motivation and practical implications about online-to-offline (O2O) distribution channels and investigates the relationship between economic values, service consistency and brand identity attractiveness in the O2O distribution channel. Then identify the impact of brand identity attractiveness on the performance (reputation and reuse intention). Research design, data, and methodology: Structural equation modeling (SEM) has been used to investigate the relationship between economic value and brand identity attractiveness, which affects the reputation and reuse intention of services in O2O. Results: Empirical results show the positive and significant impact of economic value and service consistency on brand identity attractiveness which results the positive and significant impact on performance (reputation and reuse intention) in O2O. Conclusion: In the O2O distribution channel, economic value is an important aspect for the attractive image and brand identity. On the other side, brand identity attractiveness is important for the bright future of O2O services, continuous growth, achieving the distinct goal, keeping good promises with customers, and a better reputation of O2O services in distribution channels.

Origins of Brand Image, Customer Satisfaction, and Loyalty toward Telecommunication Service: An Emerging Market Perspective

  • Hossain, Md. Alamgir;Kim, Min-Ho;Jahan, Nusrat;Min, Bo-Yeon
    • Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.39-57
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    • 2018
  • As competition grows in the telecommunication service industry, understanding the origins of brand image and consumer behavioral intentions challenges practitioners to design an effective marketing strategy and branding plan. In this paper, brand image and behavioral relationships are investigated in Bangladesh, an emerging market that has a particular socio-cultural and economic context of one of the most densely populated countries of South Asia. This study employs confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling to analyze the database. Empirical testing and the proposed model suggest that brand image is the prime determinant of consumer satisfaction and loyalty. The results highlight the importance of perceived value, perceived trust and price structure to project brand image and satisfaction. Additionally, confirmation exhibits a stronger total effect of brand image on customer loyalty. Empirical findings extensively contribute to the theoretical and managerial understanding of subscribers' attitudes toward telecommunication service in an emerging market context.

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The Influence of Reference Group on the Adolescents' Behavior of Fashion Brand Conformity (준거집단이 청소년의 패션브랜드 동조행동에 미치는 영향)

  • Jun, Dae-Keun;Rhee, Eun-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.30 no.9_10 s.157
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    • pp.1434-1444
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of reference group on the adolescents' behavior of fashion brand conformity. As for the method of the research, questionnaires were given to 672 students of middle school and high school. The results of this study were as follows: First, the differences between disposition of general conformity and behavior of fashion brand conformity were found to be meaningful in the dimensions of reference groups and their influences. Second, the classification between stage of brand consideration and stage of brand choice was found to be significant in the two-stage model of brand choice. Finally, the subjective individualism and the behavior of brand conformity were significantly correlated and the mass media stars & the identificational influence were the most powerful factors to explain the behavior of fashion brand conformity for the adolescents.

The Impact of Parent Company Attributes on e-Brand Personalities (온라인 패션 쇼핑몰의 모기업 특성이 e-브랜드 개성에 미치는 영향)

  • Jung, Seung-Hwa;Lee, Yu-Ri
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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    • v.61 no.5
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    • pp.64-76
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    • 2011
  • Consumers attribute human personality to products or stores as well as brands. As brand personality is imprinted to a consumer's mind, in e-commerce, the concept of store personality needs to be examined by comprehending the e-brand personality. Unlike the recent studies that focus primarily on the portal site, we attempt to identify e-brand personality of online shopping malls that sell fashion products. This study also examined the impact of the parent company's attributes on e-brand personality. A survey was conducted to 240 females and 240 males in their 20s or 30s. E-brand personality of three different types of the Internet shopping mall was evaluated by 160 respondents, respectively. As a result, we found that Internet shoppers perceive that e-brands have four distinct personality dimensions: young, reliable, sophisticated, and creative. Among the four dimensions, "young" and "reliable" showed the most significant influence on intention to visit the shopping mall site. Besides, e-brand personality varied with parent companies' attributes such as reputation, credibility, and fashion industry-relatedness. Especially, credibility of the parent company showed a strong positive relationship with e-brand personality.