• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.212-222
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• 1989

When the head nurse who is pivotal in the nursing service administration of the hospital performs efficiently as a first-line manager, the effectiveness of the nursing unit, which includes the quality of nursing care, the jab satisfaction of staff members, and the cohesiveness of staff members is increased. With this point of view in mind, the researcher carried out a study to determine the actual work (the content of the work, the work process, the role of the head nurse, the activity media, and the purpose of the work) of the head nurse in a university hospital in Korea. In addition, this study was also carried out for the purpose of preparing an ideal model for the work of the head nurse. The research subjects were 39 head nurses. This included all the head nurses in two university hospitals except those who were working in outpatient care, operating rooms, central supply, nursing administration, in-service education and emergency care. Data were collected from September 24th to October 21th, 1987 and April 4th to 12th, 1988. A work activity record on which the head nurse recorded directly in a chronological narrative form, was used as the research instrument. The 234 work activity records, 39 head nurse's continuous recording over 6 days(from Monday to Saturday) were collected and analysed. The results were as follows ; 1. With regard to the work content for the total daily work of the head nurse, 45.2% of the activities were managerial activities but 58.1% of the head nurse' s time was spent in direct patient care. 2. With regard to the work process of the head nurse, specifically the location, the size and membership of groups contacted, the results were as follows : 1) Of the total daily work activities 92.4% were carried out in the nursing unit and this occupied 84.5% of total daily work time. Direct patient care was generally performed on the nursing unit and managerial work was performed in other areas. 2) Of the total daily work activities, 73% was with one or more persons and 51.2% of total daily work time was spent in groups. 3) A total of 51 persons, working in different capacities were contacted. These included 21 persons giving patient care, 19 persons working in nursing unit management, and 7 persons working in human resource management. 3. With regard to the head nurse's role in work activity, 53.3% of total daily work activities involved the informational role, 26.9%, the interpersonal role and 19.9%, the decisional role. With regard to time, 57.7% was spent in the informational role, 23.9%, in the interpersonal role and 18.3%, in the decisional role. When the head nurse performed managerial work, she gave nearly equal emphasis to all three roles when she gave direct patient care the informational role was increased. 4. With regard to the activity media, the number of unscheduled activities accounted for 27.1% of the activities, scheduled activities, 24.3%, desk work activity, 22.1%, rounds, 12.5% and telephone calls, made or received, 14.0%. In daily total work time managerial work related to desk work and scheduled activities were high, ranging from 29.8% to 29.9% but for direct patient care time, scheduled activities and unscheduled activities were high, ranging from 23.6％ to 35.3%. 5. With regard to the purpose of the work performed, 54.4% of the total daily work was concerned with the team and 41.4% was concerned with the agency. The managerial work was concerned mainly with the team and the direct patient care was concerned mainly with the patient. When the frequency of an activity and time were compared no significant difference was found between the days for which the work was recorded for any of the variables : the work content, the work process, the work role, the activity media and purpose of the work. On the basis of this study the following are proposed as an ideal model for head nurse work in Korea : The managerial work should be increased to 70%. The decisional role activities should be increased to 40%. Twenty percent of the work activity should be allocated to agency, community and profession. It is believed that this model for the head nurse's work can contribute to guidelines for job description development. Finally, educational programs, organizational and structural devices, and administrative support are needed for the proper function of the head nurse in this proposed model.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.1 s.63
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• pp.119-128
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• 2006

'Play' itself is enough of a motivation for anyone to do it. Still, it will be very difficult to continue to enjoy meaningless and aimless repetition of fights, mimicking, chases, discoveries or changing of sceneries by the mechanism alone. Of course, in rare occasions there are games like Tetris which can be enjoyed on its great gameplay alone for hours. But for most cases, players need goals, initiatives, and dynamism through storytelling for their experiences to be a rich one. Validity and feasibility of storytelling in games has always existed with plenty of skepticism. However, as games evolved from some small play mechanisms for spare times to a major entertainment with recognizable volume and content, a need to keep players interested and participating has made storytelling an essential ingredient. Storytelling within games has to have different meanings and shapes to existing narratives. Hence, new definition and methodology must emerge and studies has been active. If a case can be made so that a tested and tried methodology that has been successful for other media can be substituted for games, then it can bring a new direction to the ongoing studies. This study will borrow some methodology from cinema which can sometimes be seen as opposite to games and sometimes as something games want to be alike.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.22
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• pp.31-45
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• 2011

The paper holds its purpose to analyze the descriptive function and meaning of first person animation which the focalizer, character, and all narrators are indicated as 'I', For the purpose, the following was reviewed; the relation between 'I' as child memorizing the days of childhood as adult and the current 'I' as adult, and the aesthetic effect of experience and sense of the child on the audience reading the narration. The retrospective narrating situation of the adult narrator brings descriptive effect which comes from 'the tension between the experiencing self (self as child) and the narrative self (self as adult). The works focus on the content of child experience through the confession of the adult narrator, but the view of the adult always heading towards 'the present'. That is, the aesthetics contained by the first person narrator is related to endless arousal of the values of hidden and forgotten things. In addition, the descriptive method of child focalizer as 'the subject of experience' brings qualitative change which enables reasoning of the subject as itself, which is free from the view tamed by rational system. Becoming an adult, the lost ability of mimesis brings qualitative change by meeting with the generality of childhood sense. Therefore, it can be known that the meaning the narrator contains in the first person narrator condition of animation links with the degree of aesthetic completion of the work, but also, it is a highly strategic descriptive device which determinately affects even the acceptance of audiences regarding the work.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.49
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• pp.299-323
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• 2017

Interests to cultural prototype as a material of cultural contents are getting more increasing nowadays. One of them is myth. The important thing when you are dealing with the myth as the material that how to convert prototype narratives. Today, digital culture is becoming one of the essential elements of mankind, that is a new sociocultural phenomenon and distinguishing differentiation from the past analogue era. In this regard, the combination of mythology and digital culture is effective strategies for transforming storytelling that can resonate with people who are not familiar with myths. puts the view both of this world and underworld, mythical characters, and various elements of the Grim Reaper into the story. And combines them with digital elements. sets the world that the transcendental soul exists as physically transferred data form. and reinterprets the traditional mythology world into the digitally operated world. Soul-Phone from this anime reflects the digital culture such as storage and transmission, and helps enjoying audiences accept the unfamiliar world of myth. And also It symbolically shows dystopian viewpoints through side effects can caused by digital technology development, such as the instrumentalization of human being, the risk of communication through digital media, and ego-loss caused by duplication, etc. In conclusion, forms a consensus with the audience through the transformation strategy of storytelling that converts the world of myth into the digital world. And it reflects the dystopian view and shows a differentiated world view from the narrative of myth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.226-241
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• 2010

This study details the history and characteristics of consumption values, text style analyses, and appeal types expressed in magazine commercials from 1955 to 2008. This study analyzes the level of the social structure of commercial expression for each period. Consumption values based on the categories of consumption values by Sheth (1991) were classified through a total commercials analysis. Analyses on closing types of sentences, types of sentences, and rhetorical figures were executed focusing on headline text and text style. Appealing types were composed of rational, emotional, and ethical appeals. For analysis, the crosstab analysis and chi-square test of SPSS are used. The results are as follow. Seven values were constructed, functional value, social value, emotional value, conditional value, epistemic value, fashionable value, and indistinct value. The ratio of emotional value was the highest and functional value, epistemic value conditional value, fashionable value, social value, and indistinct value followed. The emotional value social value, conditional value, fashionable value, and epistemic value that focused on the emotion of consumers increased, while the functional value decreased. Sentences that use narrative styles, hyperboles, and metaphors that increased the interest of readers were dominantly used in the headline texts. For sentence expression, a declarative sentence in a sentence type, exciting curiosity in the expression method where hyperbole and figures of speech in rhetorical expressions are used most often. Emotional appeal was used almost twice more than the reasonable appeal for appeal types of the total commercial. The lower level of reasonable appeal is information that provides the product function. Interest and expression (such as pleasure and achievement) were used most often for emotional appeal. These results show that the most important issue is the emotional value in consumption in understanding the consumer. Marketing managers should also be aware of the functional value as well as an emotional value.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.41
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• pp.487-510
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• 2015

In recently, thanks to the development of computer and internet, and reinforcement of digital media literacy of ordinary people, many users of comics and animations recombine contents into various ways, including UCCs. In a glance, it seems these outputs violates the copyrights of contents. But in reality, they helps the growth of the ecosystem of contents market, with increase of contents users. The reason of these reproductions inclines the characteristics of animation media. Animation, which are constituted by plastic symbols, auditory symbols, and narrative symbols, and Comic, which supports stories of Animations, affects as 'Imaginary signifier'. These signifiers helps users of contents to dismantle and reassemble stories. These aspects are seen in doujin culture, animation soundtrack fandom, and voice actor fandom. But In this article, we will concentrate into cosplay culture. Cosplay culture shows more active appearances than another fandoms. In especially, cosplay stage and daily cafe show more active reproductions of characters and communications. However, they are done by youth fans, which has not enough financial abilities: therefore, events are not sustainable and discontinued. And they have another limits, like lack of opportunity of performance. In the reality of Korean society, which needs of community making by community member, and hybrid culture, comics and animation productions in Korea are in need of access positively and encourage reproductions of active receivers of animations.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.705-716
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• 2020

This triangulation study was performed in order to analyze the team competency effect of a capstone design nursing research course, and to appraise the content of team activity experiences. Subjects were 99 nursing students who were educated in the capstone design nursing research at D university. The teamwork competency of nursing students was compared before and after class, and the team activity experiences in the capstone design nursing research class was analyzed through narrative data. Our results show significant increases after class in task performance competency (t=-2.166, p=0.033), which includes goal execution competency (t=-2,224, p=0.028). In the interpersonal competency category, leadership was significantly increased after class (t=-2.085, p=0.040). The 5 categories evaluated were 'difficulties in managing resources', 'aware of the importance of personal effort and competency', 'efforts to effectively distribute roles', 'to realize the importance of communication', and 'strengthen the competency needed for clinical practice'. Through this research, we confirm that the capstone design nursing research course is effective for improving teamwork competency, and it provides a positive team activity experience to nursing students. Taken together, our findings indicate that the capstone design nursing research course can be applied to improve the nursing research competency by strengthening teamwork competency.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.329-337
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• 2019

It is true that many tales delivered in an 'Story-telling' auditorium or theater have not so much exquisite and refined forms as distorted and deteriorated ones. Furthermore, when false interpretations of tale-performers added into the category of the texts of tales, the problems can be made worse. In case of oral folk tales, there can be discordance between the standpoint of a tale-performer and the contents of a tale. This thesis is directly aimed at pointing out the 'Behavior Economics' problems concerned with the reading and interpretation of tales through investigating the missing parts of a text in reading tales. Man's rationality is meant to be confined to bounded rationality. Instead of making best choices, bounded rationality leads consumers to make a decision which they think suffices themselves to the point requiring no more consideration on the given item. It is the very Heuristic that does work in the process of this simplified decision making process. Heuristic utilizes established empirical notion and specific information, and that's why there can be cognitive 'Biases' sometimes leading to inaccurate judgment. As Oral Literature is basically based on heavy guesswork and perceptual biases of general public, it is imperative to contemplate oral literature in the framework of Heuristic of behavior economics. This thesis deals with thinking types and behavioral patterns of the general public in the perspective of heuristic by examining 'Story-tellings' on the basis of personal or public memory. In addition, heuristic involves how to deal with significant but intangible content such as the errors of oral story teller, the deviations of the story, and responses of the audience.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.723-733
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• 2021

'Reboot' and 'Homage' are using as creative techniques in traditional storytelling media fields such as movies or dramas, but the possibility of expanding the transmedia story world has not yet been presented. This study was written to present a new concept of transmedia story world expansion type using the 'Reboot' and 'Homage' methods. 'Reboot' and 'Homage' are typical storytelling methods of K-POP idol groups that need to develop content. I selected , , and , which have built their story world, and examined both the narrative creation section and the marketing application section. The result of the study is as follows. First, EXO is an example of a reboot case. They set the original set as 'past' and insert the new storylines. Second, BTS is an example of a character's reboot. They built a story world by paralleling 'Idol BTS' and 'Character BTS'. Third, Wanna One is an example of the original story world's homage. They reorganize the story world of and attracting the attention of the existing audience. Fourth, BTS is an example of other media homage which reinterprets the meaning of BTS characters and story world by using the meaning of classic works.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.62
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• pp.263-289
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• 2016

Confucius, whose life coincided with the Warring States period of China, is one of the most respected sages in world history whose teachings and life produced countless disciples in China, Korea, and Japan. There are innumerable pictures, sculptures, and other artworks that portray memorable deeds of Confucius and interesting anecdotes that involve his pupils. One of the most popular subjects for these Confucian portrayals is the anecdote in which Confucius and his pupil, Zhi Ru, discover a tilting vessel at an ancestral shrine in the Lu dynasty and use it to understand the doctrine of the mean. The vessel becomes the basis for the famous Chinese expression, "the cautionary vessel beside one's seat," which is nowadays used to denote one's motto for life. Portraits of these tilting vessels can be divided between those showing the vessels only and others that show Confucius observing the vessels. The former serve as visual reminders, for rulers and policy makers, of the doctrine of the mean that is necessary to fair and righteous governance. The latter form part of the pictorial biography of Confucius with educational content and messages. Interestingly, portraits of Confucius observing or studying tilting vessels have been famous among members of the royal court and the literati, circulated either as single artworks or included in the folding screens of human portraits. Portrayals of other Confucian anecdotes are mostly found in albums that visualize the genealogy of the Way; in contrast, the portraits of Confucius and the tilting vessels were included in folding screens that were popular among the literati that enjoyed stylish works of art and antiques. The portraits of tilting vessels thus highlight the diverse functions and symbolic value of human portraits. This study classifies the portraits of tilting vessels into various forms, and analyzes the period-and objective-dependent changes and characteristics in these portraits. With its exploration of the diverse functions and aspects of portraits of Confucian anecdotes, this study will shed new light on how ancient artists reanimated the lives of great sages and how these artworks differ in their expressions and styles.