• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.498-503
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• 2003

Luteinizing hormone as other glycoprotein hormones is characterized by a heterodimeric structure composed a common $\alpha$-subunit noncovalently linked to a specific $\beta$-subunit. The correct conformation of the heterodimer is important for efficient secretion, hormonal-specific post-translational modifications, receptor binding and signal transduction. To determine whether $\alpha$- and $\beta$- subunits can be synthesized as a single polypeptide chain (tethered-bLH and -bFSH) and also display biological activities, the tetheredbLH and -bFSH molecules were constructed and transfected into chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells. LH and FSH activities were assayed by using the human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells expressing rat LH and FSH receptor genes. The tethered-bLH and - bFSH proteins were efficiently secreted and showed a similar activity to the dimeric bovine LH and FSH $\alpha$/$\beta$ wild type and native purified from bovine pituitary. The tethered-molecules can be permit development of potent new analogues that stimulate ovarian development. Taken together, a single-chain analog can also be constructed to include additional hormone-specific bioactive generating potentially efficacious compounds. These data indicate the potentiality of the single chain approach to further investigate structurefunction relationships of LH and FSH.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.45-50
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• 2010

Soil characteristics by site types (slope, topography and stand) were analyzed to provide the basic information for sustainable management of Nari basin in Ulleung Island. The content of total N of Nari basin was lowest at the north slope, this site had also significantly low soil pH and content of available P. The result of soil pH and content of total N analysis by topography, ranged from 5.13 of summit to 5.59 of plain and from 0.63% of plain to 0.87% of hill, respectively. Soil pH, content of total N and available P by stand were significantly different, which showed that stand types are more significant in explaining the soil properties. Available P content by slope, topography and stand ranged from 2.79 to 8.46 ppm, 3.99 to 8.46 ppm and 5.03 to 11.59 ppm, respectively. It was concluded that forest soil around Nari basin has relatively low available P content compared to other forest soil.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.321-330
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• 2019

Objectives: This study examined the relationship between the presence of allergic rhinitis and the nutritional intake levels of Korean infants. Methods: The study involved a total of 1,214 infant subjects aged 1~5 months from the 2013~2016 KNHNES (Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). The Subjects were classified into two groups based on the presence of allergic rhinitis: Non-allergic rhinitis infants (NARI, n=1,088) and allergic rhinitis infants (ARI, n=126). The general characteristics and family history of allergies, nutrient intake status, nutrient supplement intake, and breast milk and baby food start period data of the two groups were compared. All statistical analyses accounted for the complex sampling design effect and sampling weights. Results: The mean age was 0.5 years old in the ARI group compared to the NARI group. In the residence, the rate of urban was higher in ARI. The family history revealed a significant difference between the two groups, particularly those of mothers rather than fathers. The nutrient intake levels were high in energy, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, iron, riboflavin, niacin, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Breastfeeding was significantly higher in the ARI group than in the NARI group. The baby food start period was 0.3 months earlier in NARI group than in ARI group. The height, body weight, and birth weight were higher in ARI group than NARI group. The result of Odds ratio analysis showed that excess energy, protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron, riboflavin, and niacin intake increases the risk of allergic rhinitis. Conclusions: These results can be used as data to develop nutrition guidelines for allergic rhinitis infants.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2385-2391
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• 2018

This paper is devoted to detecting decomposition characteristics of Iodotrifluoromethane ($CF_3I$) under alternating current (AC) discharges or load current interruptions. The decomposition products are measured utilizing chromatography-mass spectroscopy. It is found that less than 1% $CF_3I$ gas decomposed after several interruptions at load current of 200 A or hundred times of AC discharges. However, under interruptions at a current of 400 A, more than 95% $CF_3I$ gas decomposed into carbon tetrafluoride ($CF_4$) and hexafluoroethane ($C_2F_6$). The equilibrium compositions based on Gibbs free energy minimization of $CF_3I$ was calculated to explain the decomposition mechanism.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.557-564
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the sudden rise of fine particle concentration after the passage of typhoon USAGI and NARI in Busan. Nocturnal inversion layer was formed at atmospheric boundary layer and wind direction changed from southerly wind to northeasterly wind after USAGI passed through Busan. Fine particle concentration in Busan rapidly increased by subsidence of air pollutants released from sources and dust transported from in the vicinity of industrial regions. Wind direction changed from northeasterly wind to southeasterly wind, wind velocity increased and lower atmosphere became extremely unstable after NARI passed through Busan. $PM_{10}$ concentration of Busan increased sharply because of surface dust dispersed by strong wind. Fine particle concentration generally decreases by precipitation and wind after typhoon passes through. However, the concentration can also go up not only by subsidence and transportation in nocturnal inversion layer but also by surface dust which temporarily occurs by strong wind.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.207-216
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• 2024

This study clarified the flow path of Choosan Spring, Nari Basin, Ulleung Island, South Korea. The orientations of faults and fractures developed on the inner edge of the caldera were identified as major factors affecting the flow path. The main flow paths include fracture zones oriented N-S and E-W. The spring also flows in a NE or NNE direction under the influence of the irregular shape of the caldera, which slopes to the NNE. Using Entrobacteriaceae species as tracers, it was found that Nari groundwater flows toward Choosan Yongchulso. However, the small number of water samples used in the analysis limits our understanding of the flow path from Sungin Valley to Nari Basin and Choosan Yongchulso.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to identify the geology, geologic structure, hydrogeology and geomorphic characteristics of the Nari Basin and establish the controls on the discharge of water 20,000~40,000 m³/day from the Choosan Yongchulso, Ulleung Island, South Korea. Pumice and lapilli tuffs showing well-developed stratification are the predominant rock types surrounding the spring. The spring shows a structure whereby discharge occurs along a lens-like erosion cave formed by differential erosion of strata comprising tuff or pumice tuff. The Choosan Yongchulso is located at the point where the planation surface of the Nari Basin' ends and steep slopes begin. The basin is bounded on all sides by these steep slopes, except in the north, where the Choosan Yongchulso is located. Given these geomorphic characteristics, the Choosan Yongchulso is regarded as the ultimate outlet of the basin catchment area.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 2010

For the sustainable conservation of forests within and around the somma of Nari basin in Ulleung Island, the stand structure and dynamics with the aspect, altitude and stand types were estimated by using analyses of importance value, plant species diversity, S$\o$rensen's similarity index and distributions of diameter classes. Results of the importance value analysis with vegetation stories on each stand showed that Fagus engleriana and Acer okamotoanum were dominant in most stands regardless of the aspect and altitude of the forest around the somma of Nari basin and the plant species composition among stands was not significantly different. The forest within Nari basin was composed of pine, beech, alder and deciduous-mixed stand. Moreover, the species composition was greatly different among the four stands. The diversity of plant species within stand was in general higher within Nari basin than around the somma, and among stands within Nari basin, the plant species diversity of pine and deciduous-mixed stand showed higher values than that of beech and alder stands. The similarity index among stands with aspect and altitude showed that the index among stands of eastern, western and northern slope in forest around the somma and forest within the basin ranged from 0.68 to 0.69, and the similarity among four stands with altitude was very high having index range from 0.85 to 0.95. The patterns of diameter class distribution of the major dominant species from four altitude classes followed an almost normal bell-shaped distribution. The results were interpreted as an indication that these forests will in general maintain a stable stand structure. Therefore, despite diverse topographic features around Nari basin, the stand structure and plant species composition among stands were not diversified as expected. For the conservation of diversity of forest plant species and of forest ecosystems, a promising and intensive program should be considered.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.149-153
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• 2005

In the present study, in vitro multiple shoot induction was achieved from cotyledonary node and stem nodal explants of cv. NARI-6 of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Among various growth regulators tested, MS salts and B5 vitamins supplemented with BA (6-Benzy-laminopurine) $17.76\;{\mu}M$ and KN (Kinetin) $6.96\;{\mu}M$ phytohormonal combination was found to be the most effective in initiating numerous shoot buds after 30 days of culture than BA ($4.44-44.39\;{\mu}M$) or KN ($2.32-46.40\;{\mu}M$) alone in the medium. In addition, 0.8% (w/v) agar (Hi-media) and 3.0% sucrose (w/v) was the optimum level for the formation of adventitious shoots. Further results showed the maximum shoot elongation occurred on MS medium with BA ($8.88\;{\mu}M$) and $GA_3$($11.56\;{\mu}M$) combinations. Efficient rooting occurred on quarter strength MS medium with NAA $10.74\;{\mu}M$. The regenerated plantlets were acclimatized and successfully transferred to the field.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.37-45
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• 2018

The source of Chusan Spring water in the Ulleungdo is the precipitation in the Nari caldera basin, which permeates in the Trachitic pumice and tuff area and moves downward, outflowing at the lithologic boundary between the trachyte and Nari tuff. It is known that the discharge rate of the Chusan Spring is large enough to be used for the small hydroelectric power generation, but the exact discharge rate and hydrogeologic characteristics have not been known. The discharge rates of the Spring were measured 11 times, which ranged from $15,220m^3/d$ to $36,278m^3/d$. The discharge rates, measured by the automatic level recorder, for two-year period, were $20,000{\sim}38,000m^3/d$. The variation of discharge rates did not coincide with rainfall event, but showed daily increases of $3,000{\sim}5,000m^3/d$. The annual discharge rate excluding the evapotranspiration and the surrounding stream discharge corresponded to 70.6% of the annual precipitation of the recharge area. Therefore, meteorological observations at the Nari basin, rather than the Ulleung-do meteorological station, are more appropriate to properly interpret the discharge characteristics of the Chusam Spring and the recharge rate of the basin.