• 제목/요약/키워드: Napoleon

검색결과 26건 처리시간 0.018초

나폴레옹의 초상화를 통한 사상적 조류 변화에 따른 복식 변화 고찰 (A Review on the Costume Changes According to Ideological Transition through the Portraitures of Napoleon)

  • 배수정
    • 복식
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    • 제66권6호
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    • pp.46-66
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    • 2016
  • This thesis aims to analyze the costume changes according to the ideological transition through the portraits of Napoleon Bonaparte. This study selected 32 color pictures of Napoleon, which was taken during his time as a general to his ascension as Emperor (1785-1815). The study qualitatively analyzed the traits and costume elements in view of the items, color and ornaments of the costume, while studying the effects of the ideological transition. The costumes of Napoleon were categorized into three parts: general, governor and Emperor. Firstly, Napoleon most frequently wore the navy uniforms when taking the portraits as a general. The uniform gave Napoleon the image of strength, youth and intelligence, which reflected the ideology of enlightenment. Secondly, the red-colored administrator uniform, combined with a military coat with culotte, was worn to make the governor look intelligent, which would ascribe to the ideological demand of the enlightenment. Lastly, his portraits as emperor showed him in long white tunica, combined with red-colored coronation cape ornamented with embroidery, ermine fur, and the crown of laurel. This costume denoted both the enlightenment and also the neoclassical trend aspiring for the return to the Greek and Roman era. In this way, the portrait of Napoleon might be expected to reflect the periodical change of the ideology through describing the transition of the costumes. It might be evident that his image of the strong general changed to that of an intelligent governor, which was in demand when the enlightenment idea became popular. When Napoleon became the emperor, his image changed into that of a Roman emperor, which implies that neoclassical ideas were used as source of influence.

A Research on the Men's Costume on the Bigdata of Movie Napoleon

  • Weolkye KIM;Sangwon LEE
    • International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.29-36
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    • 2024
  • The public can now access movies faster and more easily thanks to over-the-top (OTT) services. The audience may be impacted by period dramas, where accurate costume reproduction is crucial. For filmmakers, it is critical to replicate period costumes using precise historical information. The goal of this study is to act as a reference so that, when it comes to period dramas, viewers can evaluate them using impartial criteria and movie producers can use data based on fact to plan their costumes. The film Napoleon won the British Academy Award for Costume after hiring costume experts to create 95% of the entire costume, according to data from the Napoleon I Museum. Following the French Revolution, the ostentatious and ornate men's attire vanished, to be replaced by a more modest and functional outfit. For tops, vests were cut to waist length, shirts, cravats, and carrick were worn, and tailcoats were the norm. The pants were swapped out for loose-fitting ones. The glitzy hues and embellishments from the bygone era progressively vanished and formed the foundation of the contemporary men's costume, which is dominated by black. The hats worn were tricorn, bicorn, top hat, and bowler, and the hairstyle changed from long to short gradually. The civil class wore short tops called carmagnoles. Napoleon wore a high-collared Napoleon collar and a tailcoat with a bicorn, which became his emblem. Green, navy, and white were the colors of the uniform, and a gray woolen coat was worn outside. The elaborately decorated costumes were worn to court and to banquets; the Napoleonic coronation costume was embellished with gold embroidery on silk, red velvet, and martyred hair; the post-revolutionary costumes gradually became more colorful. In the movie Napoleon, period clothing items were well represented, with the aristocracies wearing dark tailcoats, vests, shirts, and cravats. Based on the data from the men's costume, Napoleon's outfit in the movie was made more similarly. This study's limitation is that not every character in the movie could have their costume examined, and the material matter could not be precisely determined by examining the images displayed on the screen. Given that portraits typically feature a great deal of noble imagery, the clothing worn by common people is also associated with data limitations when it comes to movie costume design.

패턴 설계 요인에 따른 나폴레옹칼라의 형태 변화 연구 (Collar Shapes According to the Variation of the Pattern Design Factors of the Napoleon Collar)

  • 이규림;김여숙;김석한
    • 한국의류학회지
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    • 제39권6호
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    • pp.826-837
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    • 2015
  • This study analyzes the shapes of the adjustment of a Napoleon Collar which combines a stand collar with an upper collar. It established experimental conditions for fixing the conditions of Napoleon Collar components (lapel width, stand collar size and upper collar size) as well as varied the shape of the neckline, the length of the curve of a stand collar and the size of the drawing space at the center back. It produced 22 test clothes of muslin, which were dressed on dress form No. 8. The results indicate that: 1. Neckline shape determines the amount of stand and fall. Less curved neckline stands higher against the neck and a more curved neckline is laid lower onto the body. 2. A shorter curve length of a stand collar allows a longer roll line to fall farther away from the neck with more space between the neck and collar. However, the longer the depth of curve of a stand collar creates a shorter roll line that stands high against neck and closer to neck without any space between the neck and collar with a collar line matching the neck of the dress form. 3. The smaller the drawing space at the center back creates a shorter the style line of the upper collar. However, a narrower back width of the collar creates a bigger drawing space at the center back with a longer the style line and a more naturally placed back width of the collar. 4. A Napoleon Collar creates a longer depth of curve for a stand collar and a smaller drawing space at the center back that is tightly and stably stuck to the neck.

Minard의 정보맵과 함께 하는 스토리텔링을 이용한 데이터시각화 교육 (Data visualization education using the storytelling with Minard's figurative map)

  • 장대흥
    • 응용통계연구
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    • 제31권2호
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    • pp.167-188
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    • 2018
  • Minard의 정보맵은 1812년 나폴레옹의 러시아침공을 묘사한 정보그래픽스로서 Tufte (1983)가 극찬하였던 그림이다. 이 정보그래픽스를 데이터시각화교육에서 스토리텔링 소재로서 활용할 수 있다. 본 논문에서 Minard의 정보맵을 시작점으로 하여 스토리텔링을 이용한 데이터시각화 교육에 대하여 4개의 주제(정보그래픽스, 정보디자인, Minard, 나폴레옹의 러시아침공)별로 언급하였다.

시뮬레이션을 이용한 전쟁사 군수지원 요소의 정량적 분석 : 나폴레옹의 모스크바 원정 사례 연구 (The Quantitative Analysis in terms of the Requisite for Logistics Support of the War History using Simulation Moscow Expedition of Napoleon)

  • 정원일;변무현;조성진;강성진
    • 한국국방경영분석학회지
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    • 제37권1호
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    • pp.27-38
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    • 2011
  • 전쟁사를 연구하는 목적은 과거의 전쟁을 이해함으로써 얻어지는 교훈을 통해 전쟁을 사전에 예방하기 위함일 뿐만 아니라 유사시, 과거 전쟁에서와 같은 동일한 실수를 범하지 않음으로써 적으로부터 전쟁에서 승리를 얻기 위함이다. 이러한 이유로 국내 외적으로 전쟁사에 대한 연구가 지속적으로 진행되었으며, 현재에도 다수의 연구가 수행되고 있다. 하지만, 전쟁사에 대한 많은 연구 중 대부분이 정성적인 분석을 통해서만 전쟁사를 분석하여 왔다. 본 연구에서는 전쟁사에 대한 정성적 분석에 추가하여 시뮬레이션을 이용한 정량적 분석 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 연구사례로는 나폴레옹의 모스크바 원정을 중심으로 전쟁에 미치는 군수지원의 중요성을 정량적으로 분석하였다. 또한, 이를 토대로, 나폴레옹군의 군수지원 실패 요인과 이를 통해 교훈을 도출하였다. 본 논문은 전쟁사를 연구함에 있어 정성적 분석 방법과 함께 정량적 분석 방법을 제시하였다는데 의의가 있다.

오스만의 파리시 도심녹지시스템 : 그 효용성과 녹지정책의 논리 (Haussmann's Urban Green Space System in Paris' The Efficacities and the Logic of the Green Politics)

  • 견진현
    • 한국조경학회지
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    • 제31권4호
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2003
  • The urban park provides a safe rest and leisure area, and offers the beauty of nature to counter the drearyness of urban space. It can provide benefits such as the reduction of environmental pollution, the regulation of the local climate, and it can also provide a safe area during times of disaster. However, there was no interest in urban park development and control in Korea during the economic boom of the mid 1960s. Furthermore, during the industrialization process, the population grew significantly in the cities and the cities' scales were noticeably extended; as a result of this, the living environment and the natural environment in the cities worsened. With rapid urbanization and industrialization, urban green area diminished, and it became necessary to organize the urban park system to improve quality of life. 45% of south korea's population lives in 6 cities, which is only 4% of Korea's land size. The Urban park system has to be considered in the urban planning process. Paris' urban green system can be a role-model for Korea's urban green development plan to function organically. Urban public park concepts have been used in Paris's urban planning since 1850. There were hardly any parks, gardens and squares for the public before the middle of the 19th century. For improving life-styles for the poor, Napoleon III strongly supported the development of green space systems in Paris by G.E. Haussmann. Napoleon III and Haussmann established and applied the urban green regulation within Paris urban planning. The purpose of this study is to investigate the green regulations Haussmann's Paris urban plan and urban green space system: and as a result of this, it can be an indicator for urban green space development in Korea.

A Research on the Women's Costume on the Bigdata of Movie Napoleon

  • Weolkye KIM;Sangwon LEE
    • International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.21-28
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    • 2024
  • The public can access movies more easily than any other cultural genre. The film's costumes convey the social, political, and cultural climate of that time period. Additionally, it subtly conveys the message of the movie, including the intentions of the director and the characters. Filmmakers can now use fact-based materials to plan their films, and audiences can now watch costume in movies with objective standards, particularly in period dramas, thanks to the advancements in over-the-top (OTT) services. The 77th British Academy costume Award went to the movie Napoleon because of how much emphasis it placed on the outfit. Ninety-five percent of the costume was made by experts in military uniforms and costumery. In contrast to the previous aristocratic and exaggerated Rococo costume, Napoleonic clothing had a natural and common-class character. A natural-shaped Chemise dress composed of light, reflective material first appeared in the Directoire era, just after the French Revolution. Chemise dresses made of a variety of materials gained popularity during the Empire era. With Napoleon taking the throne and Josephine becoming the empress, the vibrant court culture resurfaced during the Empire era. The silk was embellished with gold thread and embroidery, train dangling forms, and different types of sleeves appeared in Empire styles. They wore Pellisse and shawls under the coat. The hair style had long, ancient hair and was adorned with fillets. They also wore straw hats, bonnets, and caps. Long gloves and parasols were also popular accessories, as were pearl or colored jewelry necklaces, earrings, bracelets, and rings. During the Empire era, tiaras were fashionable. Shoes were either low-heeled pumps or sandals. The movie uses Chemise and Empire costumes, which are versatile enough to be used in a range of settings and eras. When it came to details, the type of sleeve was employed without regard to time, such as when using those from an earlier or later period. Since jewelry was worn more often than not in that era, practically every character has earrings on their necklaces. Nearly exact replicas of the coronation costume can be found in paintings by Jacques-Louis David. The red trains, Josephine's Empire dress, the crown, the Tiara, and the costumes of every character in attendance were all clearly identifiable in terms of form and color. To further aid viewers in understanding and enhancing the film's overall coherence, a scene featuring David drawing the coronation was added. Overall, there were differences in that the historical costumes were accurately recreated, the materials and details were utilized without restriction, and some of the costumes were designed with modern materials or accessories that were used more than the historical costumes. This section appears to have been written to highlight the beauty of the characters' personalities or settings. There is a limitation to this study in that it only looked at aristocratic clothing, which includes Josephine's. We will concentrate on male clothing in future research.

Use of Ratiometric Probes with a Spectrofluorometer for Bacterial Viability Measurement

  • Cleach, Jerome;Watier, Denis;Le Fur, Bruno;Brauge, Thomas;Duflos, Guillaume;Grard, Thierry;Lencel, Philippe
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제28권11호
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    • pp.1782-1790
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    • 2018
  • Assessment of microorganism viability is useful in many industrial fields. A large number of methods associated with the use of fluorescent probes have been developed, including fluorimetry, fluorescence microscopy, and cytometry. In this study, a microvolume spectrofluorometer was used to measure the membrane potential variations of Escherichia coli. In order to estimate the sensitivity of the device, the membrane potential of E. coli was artificially disrupted using an ionophore agent: carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone. The membrane potential was evaluated using two ratiometric methods: a Rhodamine 123/4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole combination and a JC-10 ratiometric probe. These methods were used to study the impact of freezing on E. coli, and were compared with the conventional enumeration method. The results showed that it was beneficial to use this compact, easy-to-use, and inexpensive spectrofluorometer to assess the viability of bacterial cells via their membrane potential.

존 할라스와 조이 베첼러의 <동물농장>에서 스노볼에 대한 연구 (The Research on Snowball in by John Halas and Joe Batchelor)

  • 윤영석
    • 만화애니메이션 연구
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    • 통권36호
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    • pp.19-44
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    • 2014
  • 존 할라스와 조이 베첼러의 <동물농장>은 영국 문학가 조지 오웰의 <동물농장>을 바탕으로 제작한 애니메이션으로 1954년 영국에서 상영되었다. 존 할라스와 조이 베첼러의 <동물농장>은 1917년 10월에 발발한 볼셰비키혁명부터 시작하여 NEP라는 신경제정책, 스탈린의 권력 독점, 모스크바 재판 등과 같이 실제 역사에서 일어난 사건들을 우화로서 보여주었다. 우화로서 보여주기 때문에 <동물농장>에서 등장하는 등장인물들은 실제 볼셰비키혁명에서 활동했던 인물들을 작품 내에서 알레고리적으로 배치하였다. 그러나 존 할라스와 조이 베첼러의 <동물농장>과 조지 오웰의 <동물농장>은 작품 중반부터 서사가 서로 다르게 전개되는데, 조지 오웰의 <동물농장>에서 스노볼은 나폴레옹에 의해 쫓겨나는 것으로 나오지만, 존 할라스와 조이 베첼러의 <동물농장>에서는 스노볼은 나폴레옹에 의해 살해당한다. <동물농장>의 등장인물 중에 나폴레옹은 스탈린을 모델로 하였고, 스노볼은 트로츠키를 모델로 삼았다. 조지 오웰의 <동물농장>과 존 할라스와 조이 베첼러의 <동물농장>은 볼셰비키 혁명 이후 권력을 잡은 스탈린이 공포정치를 시행했던 점에 대해 풍자적으로 보여 주는 것은 동일하나, 스탈린에 의해 숙청된 트로츠키에 대한 점은 서로 달랐던 것이다. 따라서 본 본문은 존 할라스, 조이 베첼러의 <동물농장>에서 보여주는 볼셰비키혁명에 대한 알레고리적인 요소와 더불어 <동물농장>에서 등장하는 스노볼에 대해 연구함으로서 러시아혁명과 트로츠키의 가치를 재조명하고자 하였다.