• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.252-257
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• 1998

Bamboo salt has been used as a traditional remedy for gastric ulcer and gastro-intestinal disorders. It is produced by baking the salt packed in bamboo cylinder nine times under the fire of pine tree. Three of commercially available bamboo salt products (bamboo salt A, B, and C) were characterized by qualitative and quantitative analyses using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometer, ion chromatograph (IC), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and electron microscope (EM). Compared with crude salt, the contents of iron, silicon, potassium, and phosphate in the bamboo salt products were higher whereas the sulfate content was lower. Water-insoluble fraction of bamboo salts contained the following compounds; MgO, $SiO_2,\;Mg_2Si0_4,\;and\;CaMgSi0_4$. The study on the microscopic structures of the bamboo salts were shown to have smooth surface and fused shape compared with crude salt. Among the three bamboo salt products, product A was used to test a possible inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion. Each test material (bamboo salt A, crude salt, and reagent-grade NaCl) was given orally to Sprague-Dawley rats at doses of 0.2, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg for 28 days before pyrolus ligation. Twenty four hours after the last administration of the test materials, volume, pH, total acidity, and pepsin activity of gastric juice were measured by the Shay-ligation method. No significant differences were observed in the secretion of gastric acid between treated groups (bamboo salt-, crude salt- and reagent-grade NaCI-treated groups) and control group (distilled water-treated group). This result demonstrated that bamboo salt did not exert anti-ulcer activities in experimental animals used in the present study.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.99-117
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• 1998

Objective This experimental study was designed to investigate effects of Bo-joong-ik-gi-tang administration among long distance runners on changes of the energy and electrolyte metabolism. Materials and Methods All subjects were divided randomly with two groups, Bo-joong-ik-gi-tang Group (N=4) and control group (N=4) and performed to run the 400m track with 70% of HR max about 1 hour. The blood samples were collected from antecubital vein by 5ml syringes at before exercise, immediately after exercise, recovering-10 min. recovering-30 min, recovering-1 hour. These samples were used to analyze for the factors of the change on metabolic responses. First, the primary factors on the changes of the energy metabolism were checked ; Glucose, Free fatty acid, Lactate, LDH. Second, the primary factors on the changes of the electrolyte metabolism were checked ; Na+, CI-. K+. Results 1. The change of the energy metabolism 1) Glucose response was not shown significant difference between two groups. 2) Free fatty acid response in Bo-joong-ik-gi -tang group was significantly increased at recover-10 min. 3) Lactate response in Bo-joong-ik-gi-tang group was significantly decreased at immediately after exercise, recover-10 min, recover-30 min. 4) LDH response was not shown significant difference between two groups. 2. The change of the electrolyte metabolism 1) Na+ response in Bo-joong-ik-gi-tang group was shown significant difference between two groups at before exercise. 2) Cl- response in Bo-joong-ik-gi-tang group was significantly increased at before exercise, immediately after exercise. 3) K+ response in Bo-joong-ik-gi-tang group was significantly increased at recover-10 min. Conclusion According to the above results, it was shown that Bo-joong-ik-gi-tang had the positive effects on changes of the energy and electrolyte metabolism for the long distance runners.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3607-3612
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• 2013

Introduction: Reported prognostic roles of hypoxic inducible factor (HIF) expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have varied. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the relationship between HIF expression and clinical outcome in NSCLC patients. Methods: PubMed were used to identify relevant literature with the last report up to December $20^{th}$, 2012. After careful review, survival data were collected from eligible studies. We completed the meta-analysis using Stata statistical software (Version 11) and combined hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival (OS). Subgroup specificity, heterogeneity and publication bias were also assessed. All of the results were verified by two persons to ensure accuracy. Results: Eight studies were finally stepped into this meta-analysis in which seven had available data for HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and three for HIF-$2{\alpha}$. Combined HRs suggested that higher expression of $HIF1{\alpha}$ had a negative impact on NSCLC patient survival (HR=1.50; 95%CI=1.07-2.10; p=0.019). The expression of HIF-$2{\alpha}$ was also relative to a poorer survival (HR=2.02; 95%CI=1.47-2.77; p=0.000). No bias existed in either of the two groups. Conclusion: This study suggests that elevations of HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and HIF-$2{\alpha}$ expression are both associated with poor outcome for patients with NSCLC. The data support further and high quality investigation of HIF expression for predicting poor outcome in patients with NSCLC.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.557-563
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of physical treatments on the antigenicity of gliadin in strong wheat flour. Strong wheat flour was treated with an autoclave (5, 10, 30, 50 min), a microwave (1, 5, 10 min), or both (10, 30, 50 min/ 5, 10 min), followed by SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting, and Ci-ELISA using anti-gliadin IgG. The results indicated that the binding ability of IgG to gliadin in strong wheat flour slightly decreased after autoclaving or autoclaving/microwaving. In particular, the binding ability was reduced to about 87% after autoclaving for 50 min and to 89% after autoclaving/microwaving (50/5 min). In addition, gliadin bands in the 50 min autoclaved group disappeared in both SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. On the other hand, the antigenicity of gliadin was unaffected by microwaving alone. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that autoclaving may reduce the antigenicity of gliadin in strong wheat flour.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.121-126
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• 2011

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disorder in the elderly population. To identify OA-associated genetic variants and candidate genes, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS). A total 3,793 samples (476 cases: wrist + knee and 3317 controls) from a community-based epidemiological study were genotyped using the Affymetrix SNP 5.0. An intronic SNP (rs4789934) in the TIMP2 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2) showed the most significance with OA (odd ratio [OR] = 2.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.52-2.81, p = $4.01{\times}10^{-6}$). Furthermore, a poly-morphism (rs1352677) in the NKAIN2 ($Na^+/K^+$ transporting ATPase interacting 2) was suggestively associated with OA (OR = 1.43, CI = 1.22-1.66, p = $7.01{\times}10^{-6}$). The present study provides new insights into the identification of genetic predisposing factors for OA.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.253-259
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• 1996

Ammonia microdiffusion method and colorimetric measurement are described for the nitrogen determination. The diffusion of ammonia could be successfully induced by using a microdiffusion cell. It is a simple and rapid technique, which is suitable for transforming the nitrogen in digests into $NH_4CI$ for the colorimetric N determination with ammonia color reagent. Above 99% of N recovery were obtained with microdiffusion up to 15 hours. The coloration method of collected $NH_4CI$ for the colorimetric N determination was also estabilshed with a scanning in U.V. spectrophotometer. Under the proposed coloration method (0.5 mL of sample digest, 4.0 mL of $H_2O$ and 0.5 mL of ammonia color reagent), a maximal absorbance was observed at 410 nm. The kinetic measurement of absorbance showed a high stability from 5 to 45 minutes after color development. Absorbance was directly proportional to the amount of $NH_4^+-N$ present. The microdiffusion-ammonia coloration method was successfully applied to the nitrogen determination in the forms of protein-N or total -N in plant tissue. Comparing with Kjeldahl distillation method, the values obtained with described method were slightly higher and more reliable.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.593-600
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• 2021

In this study, the vacuum distillation process for producing non-alcoholic red wine was optimized via response surface methodology. As a result of optimizing the responses (alcohol content, yield) for independent variables (operating time, boiling point, and temperature difference), 1% alcohol content and 81.15% yield were obtained at an operating time of 24.5 min, boiling point of 65℃, and temperature difference of 8℃. To investigate the physicochemical and sensory properties, non-alcoholic wines with different boiling points (bp 25℃, bp 45℃, and bp 65℃) and a blended wine (4.2% of control wine added) were prepared. As the boiling point increased, the alcohol content decreased, and CI (color intensity) and Hue increased. Blended wine exhibited the highest value and bp 65℃ showed the lowest value in terms of sensory properties. In conclusion, distillation at a low boiling point and blending control wine could be used to prepare non-alcoholic wine with a high preference.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.462-475
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• 2023

This study is descriptive research to identify the effect of COVID-19 stress on premenstrual syndrome in female college students and the mediating effect of depression and coping with premenstrual syndrome. The data were collected through an on-line survey for 20 days from November 11 to November 30, 2021, targeting female college students attending C College located in S city. As a result of analyzing a total of 161 data, COVID-19 stress was positively correlated with premenstrual syndrome(r=.383, p<.001) and depression(r=.436, p<.001), and coping with premenstrual syndrome had a positive correlation only in premenstrual syndrome(r=.190, p=.016). As a result of verifying the mediating effect of depression and coping with premenstrual syndrome between COVID-19 stress and premenstrual syndrome, COVID-19 stress had a significant direct effect on premenstrual syndrome(β=4.907, p=.002), and depression(β=6.780, p<.001), and depression had a significant direct effect on premenstrual syndrome(β=.383, p=<.001), coping with premenstrual syndrome had a direct effect on premenstrual syndrome(β=4.292, p=.030) respectively. The indirect effect of verifying the mediating effect in the relationship between COVID-19 stress and premenstrual syndrome confirmed that there was a statistically significant effect only in the path via depression(95% CI, 1.282 to 4.140). Therefore, it is necessary to develop an intervention strategy to reduce depression and alleviate premenstrual syndrome symptoms by controlling related stress, such as COVID-19 stress, in preparation for the outbreak of new infectious diseases and pandemic situations such as COVID-19.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.499-508
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• 2023

Purpose: Despite scientific evidence regarding laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) for advanced gastric cancer treatment, its application in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy remains uncertain. Materials and Methods: We used the 2019 Korean Gastric Cancer Association nationwide survey database to extract data from 489 patients with primary gastric cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. After propensity score matching analysis, we compared the surgical outcomes of 97 patients who underwent LG and 97 patients who underwent open gastrectomy (OG). We investigated the risk factors for postoperative complications using multivariate analysis. Results: The operative time was significantly shorter in the OG group. Patients in the LG group had significantly less blood loss than those in the OG group. Hospital stay and overall postoperative complications were similar between the two groups. The incidence of Clavien-Dindo grade ≥3 complications in the LG group was comparable with that in the OG group (1.03% vs. 4.12%, P=0.215). No statistically significant difference was observed in the number of harvested lymph nodes between the two groups (38.60 vs. 35.79, P=0.182). Multivariate analysis identified body mass index (odds ratio [OR], 1.824; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.029-3.234; P=0.040) and extent of resection (OR, 3.154; 95% CI, 1.084-9.174; P=0.035) as independent risk factors for overall postoperative complications. Conclusions: Using a large nationwide multicenter survey database, we demonstrated that LG and OG had comparable short-term outcomes in patients with gastric cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 2024

Background: Visceral pleural invasion (VPI) is a poor prognostic factor that contributes to the upstaging of early lung cancers. However, the preoperative assessment of VPI presents challenges. This study was conducted to examine intraoperative pleural carcinoembryonic antigen (pCEA) level and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) as predictive markers of VPI in patients with clinical T1N0M0 lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of the medical records of 613 patients who underwent intraoperative pCEA sampling and lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer. Of these, 390 individuals with clinical stage I adenocarcinoma and tumors ≤30 mm were included. Based on computed tomography findings, these patients were divided into pleural contact (n=186) and non-pleural contact (n=204) groups. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to analyze the association between pCEA and SUVmax in relation to VPI. Additionally, logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate risk factors for VPI in each group. Results: ROC curve analysis revealed that pCEA level greater than 2.565 ng/mL (area under the curve [AUC]=0.751) and SUVmax above 4.25 (AUC=0.801) were highly predictive of VPI in patients exhibiting pleural contact. Based on multivariable analysis, pCEA (odds ratio [OR], 3.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-7.87; p=0.026) and SUVmax (OR, 5.25; 95% CI, 1.90-14.50; p=0.001) were significant risk factors for VPI in the pleural contact group. Conclusion: In patients with clinical stage I lung adenocarcinoma exhibiting pleural contact, pCEA and SUVmax are potential predictive indicators of VPI. These markers may be helpful in planning for lung cancer surgery.