• Membrane Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.285-291
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• 2014

The PTMSP[Poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne)]-NaY zeolite composite membranes were prepared by adding 0~50 wt% NaY zeolite to PTMSP. In order to investigate the characteristics of these membranes, we used the analytical methods such as FT-IR, $^1H$-NMR, GPC, DSC, TGA, and SEM. Gas permeation experiments were carried out at $23{\sim}26^{\circ}C$, $2kgf/cm^2$, and the permselectivity of $H_2$ and $N_2$ gases through the composite membranes was studied as a function of the NaY zeolite contents. According to TGA measurements, when NaY zeolite was inserted within the PTMSP, thermal stability of PTMSP was enhanced. Based on SEM observation, NaY zeolite was dispersed in the PTMSP-NaY zeolite composite membrane with a size of $1.5{\mu}m$. The permeability of $H_2$ and $N_2$ through the PTMSP-NaY zeolite composite membranes increased as NaY zeolite content increased. On the contrary, the selectivity($H_2/N_2$) of the PTMSP-NaY zeolite composite membranes decreased as zeolite content increased.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 1970

The present paper deals with the results of the experiments, in which the resistibility to NaCl in whole develomental stages is examined by the emergence rate and the effects of NaCl on the SD action in Drosophila melanogaster. The four SD strains and one mutant strain(cn bw)are used and NaCl media are prepared y adding NaCl at a concentration of 1.0M, 0.7M, 0.5M, 0.3M, 0.1M, and 0.0M to the standard media for the present investigations. The results are given below. 1. The emergence rate (resistibility to NaCl) is not significantly different among strains but strikingly different among concentrations of NaCl. 2. The emergence rate decreases as the concentration of NaCl increases; the four SD strains are considerably resistible to the NaCl from a concentration of 0.0M to 0.3M but are susceptible from 0.5M or higher concentrations of NaCl. 3. No eggs are hatched from the culture media containing a concentration of 1.0M NaCl. This suggests that the SD strains are not resistible to NaCl at a concentrations of 1.0M or higher. 4. The difference in k values is not signficant among strains and also among concentrations of NaCl. Thus the SD action is not affected as far as once emerged from the culture media whether containing NaCl or not.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.661-670
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• 1999

Effects of Ca supplementation on blood pressure(BP) response to dietary Na level were studied in 15 normotensive healthy college women with family history of hypertension. All subjects, randomly divided into 3 groups, ate low Na diet(1816mg/day) prepared in the laboratory during the first 2 weeks and normal Na diet(4064mg/day) of their own home for the next 8 weeks. The one group received daily 1g Ca supplement at both low and normal Na diet periods, the second group took daily 1g Ca supplement only at normal a diet period, and the last group took placebo during both periods. Average Ca and energy intakes at the basal of and during the trial ranged 450-600mg and 1735-1878kcal, respectively. Systolic/diastolic BP was decreased by 9.2-9.8/4.4-4.5 mmHg during low Na diet period and was increased again during next normal Na diet period. However simultaneous Ca supplementation during both low and normal Na diet period suppressed the elevation of systolic/diastolic BP occurred at normal Na diet period. Ca supplementation only at normal Na diet peroid did not affect the BP elevation. The increase of serum Ca and Ca/Mg ratio and the decrease of serum Na and Na/K ratio might be related to the BP lowering effects of Ca supplementation. In conclusion, Ca supplement could attenuate BP elevation induced by increasing Na intake. The BP lowering effect of Ca supplementation was not appeared at low Na intake. Further studies were needed to make it certain. Low Na intake was also confirmed as an effective diet control for lowering blood pressure.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.203-216
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• 1995

The effects of ${\alpha}_1-adrenergic$ receptor stimulation on membrane potential, intracellular $Na^+$ activity, and twitch force were investigated in ventricular muscles from guinea-pig hearts. Action potentials, intracellular $Na^+$ activity, and twitch force of ventricular papillary muscles were measured simultaneously under various experimental conditions. Stimulation of the ${\alpha}_1-adrenergic$ receptor by phenylephrine produced variable changes in action potential duration, a slight hyperpolarization of the diastolic membrane potential, a decrease in intracellular $Na^+$ activity, and a biphasic inotropic response in which a transient negative inotropic response was followed by a sustained positive inotropic response. These changes were blocked by prazosin, an antagonist of the ${\alpha}_1-adrenergic$ receptor, but not by atenolol, an antagonist of the ${\beta}-adrenergic$ receptor. This indicates that the changes in membrane potential, intracellular $Na^+$ activity, and twitch force are mediated by stimulation of the ${\alpha}_1-adrenergic$ receptor, but not by stimulation of ${\beta}-adrenergic$ receptor. The decrease in intracellular $Na^+$ activity was not observed in quiescent muscles, depending on the rate of the action pontentials in beating muscles. The intracellular $Na^+$ activity decrease was substantially inhibited by tetrodotoxin. However, the decrease in intracellular $Na^+$ activity was not affected by an inhibition of the $Na^+-K^+$ pump. Therefore, the decrease in intracellular $Na^+$ activity mediated by the ${\alpha}_1-adrenergic$ receptor appears to be due to a reduction of $Na^+$ influx during the action potential, perhaps through tetrodotoxin sensitive $Na^+$ channels. Our study also revealed that the decrease in intracellular $Na^+$ activity might be related to the transient negative inotropic response. The intracellular $Na^+$ activity decrease could lower intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ through the $Na^+-Ca^{2+}$ exchanger and thereby produce a decline in twitch force.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.123-133
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• 1994

The ground pork patties were made to add two level of sodium chloride(2.5%, 3.0%) and replace part(50%) of the sodium chloride(NaCl) with either potassium chloride(KCl), magnesium chloride(MgCl2) or calcium chloride(CaCl2). These samples were analyzed for their chemical composition, VBN value, TBA value, microbial counts, and cooking loss. The ground pork with NaCl 2.5% was more desirable in saltness than the ground pork with NaCl 3.0%. Replacing 50% of the sodium chloride with potassium chloride was more desirable to flavor, color, juiciness, and overall acceptability than replacing 50% of the sodium chloride with either magnesium chloride or calcium chloride. The ground pork with NaCl 2.5% or NaCl 1.25% ＋KCI 1.60% had higher pH value than the ground pork with NaCl 1.25% ＋MgCl2 0.67% or NaCl 1.25% ＋CaCl2 0.79%. The ground pork with the ground pork with NaCl 2.5% had lower VBN value than the ground pork with either NaCl 1.25%＋KCI 1.60%, NaCl 1.25% ＋ MgCl2 0.67%, or NaCl 1.25% ＋CaCl2 0.79%. The ground pork with NaCl 1.25% ＋ CaCl2 0.67% had higher increase in total colony count than the ground pork with NaCl 2.5% or NaCl 1.25% ＋ CaCl2 0.79%. Cooking loss of ground pork with NaCl 2.5% was lowest and cooking loss of ground pork with NaCl 1.25% ＋ KCl 1.60% was highest. Potassium chloride would not be a substitute for sodium chloride in cooking loss and total colony count but potassium chloride more closely approximated the sensory properties of sodium chloride than either magnesium chloride or calcium chloride.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.5
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• pp.691-696
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• 2000

Syzygites megalocarpus occurred on the fruit bodies of Tricholoma matsutake, Leccinum rugosiceps, Pulveroboletus ravenelii, Russula emetica, and Amanita pseudoporphyria in the field. We could select Malt Extract Agar, Mueller Hinton Medium and Potato Dextrose Agar as optimal media among eight media. Syzygites megalocarpus showed an optimal temperature around $23^{\circ}C$ with optimal pH 6.0. Growth of S. megalocarpus on PDA was inhibited by 36.5% at 5% NaCl compared with without NaCl and did not grow at more than 8% NaCl in 2 days after inoculation. However, it grew 1.1 cm in 10% NaCl in 5 days after inoculation. Growth of Tricholoma matsutake on PDA was inhibited by increasing contration of NaCl and did not nearly grow at 2.5% NaCl in 60 days after inoculation. Because S. megalocarpus grew at high concentration of NaCl, we concluded that NaCl should not use for controlling S. megalocarpus on the fruit body of T. matsutake.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1989

In order to evalulate the cause of polyuric acute tubular necrosis, we measured electrolytes, $Na^{+}\;and\;K^{+}$ excreted in urine, and activities of $Na^{+}-K^{+}$adenosine triphosphatase ($Na^{+}-K^{+}$ATPase) Excretion of $Na^{+}\;and\;K^{+}$ significantly increased in 24hr exposure on the uranyl nitrate and then decreased below the normal level after 3 days. The concentration of $Na^{+}\;and\;K^{+}$ in urines of the rats treated uranyl nitrate was less than that of the normal rats. The activities of $Na^{+}-K^{+}$ATPase decreased only in the group treated with high dose group of uranyl nitrate (30mg/kg BW) on the 3rd day but were not changed in the low dose groups(5 mg/kg BW and 15mg/kg BW).

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.452-456
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• 2009

In high-efficiency Cu(In,Ga)$Se_2$ solar cells, Na is doped into a Cu(In,Ga)$Se_2$ light-absorbing layer from sodalime-glass substrate through Mo back-contact layer, resulting in an increase of device performance. However, this supply of sodium is limited when the process temperature is too low or when a substrate does not supply Na. This limitation can be overcome by supplying Na through external doping. For Na doping, an NaF interlayer was deposited on Mo/glass substrate. A Cu(In,Ga)$Se_2$ absorber layer was deposited on the NaF interlayer by a three-stage co-evaporation process As the thickness of NaF interlayer increased, smaller grain sizes were obtained. The resistivity of the NaF-doped CIGS film was of the order of $10^3{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ indicating that doping was not very effective. However, highest conversion efficiency of 14.2% was obtained when the NaF thickness was 25 nm, suggesting that Na doping using an NaF interlayer is one of the possible methods for external doping.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 1973

$Na^{+}$ balance was studied in Rana temporaria, which hibenates in fresh water in the winter time. $Na^{+}$ uptake rate, skin $Na^{+}$ loss rate, urinary $Na^{+}$ loss rate and $Na^{+}-K^{+}$ adenosine triphosphatase(ATPase) were measured at two different temperatures $1{\sim}2^{\circ}C\;and\;20{\sim}24^{\circ}C$ respectively. The results obtained were as follows: 1. $Na^{+}$ uptake rates in the frog in an artificial Pond water (APW) were found to be $8.28{\pm}0.73\;and\;2.19{\pm}0.37\;{\mu}Eq/g/day\;at\;20{\sim}24^{\circ}C\;and\;1.0{\sim}2.5^{\circ}$ respectively. 2. $Na^{+}$ loss rate through the frog skin to APW were found to be $4.26{\pm}0.72\;and\;0.93{\pm}0.21\;{\mu}Eq/g/day$ at the same temperatures. 3. Mean rates of urinary $Na^{+}$ loss at $20{\sim}24^{\circ}C\;and\;3{\sim}4^{\circ}C$ were found to be $3.02{\pm}0.73\;and\;0.78{\pm}0.13\;{\mu}Eq/g/day$ respectively. 4. The activities of $Na^{+}-K^{+}$ activated ATPase of frog skin fragments were found to be $258{\pm}39.4\;and\;49.6{\pm}7.1\;{\mu}M\;Pi/g$ protein/hr at $24^{\circ}C\;and\;2^{\circ}C$ respectively. From the above results, it may be concluded that frogs can take up enough $Na^{+}$ through the skin from APW exceeding skin loss Plus urinary loss at $1{\sim}2^{\circ}C$. It is suggested that $Na^{+}$ transport across frog skin is closely related with $Na^+-K^+$ ATPase since $Q_{10}\;of\;Na^{+}$ uptake is much similar to that of the activities of $Na^{+}-K^{+}$ ATPase.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.449-456
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• 1995

Seasonal changes in the activity and charaderistics of brain Na+, K+-ATPase and Mg2+-AWase were investigated in frog (Rana dybowskii) The brain Na+, K+-ATPase adivity during hibernation was similar to that in active period in frogs. The Na+, K+-AWase activity increased in December and March, when the frogs enter into and awake from the hibernation. Over 5-35$^{\circ}C$ temperature range, Na+, K+-ATPase showed non4inear Arrhenius kinetics throughout the year. The brain Mg2+-ATPase activity decreased during hibernation, but markedly increased in March. The Arrhenius plots for Mg2+-AWase activity were linear in frogs both in torpid and active state. The ratio of Na+, K+-AWase activity at 15~C to at 35~C did not change during hibernation. The sensitivity of Na+, K+-AWase to ouabain was also unchanged throughout the year. These results indicate that the activity and charaderistics of brain Na+, K+-AWase remain unchanged during hobernadon in frog.