• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.160-165
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• 1979

This study was carried out to investigate effects of iron content on the quality of soy sauce, bean paste and red pepper paste, and to elucidate the origin of iron and change of the contents during production processes. For the first step, the iron contents in commercial soy sauce and changes of the contents during brewing process were determined. The results obtained were as follows. 1, Iron contents of raw materials were 108 ppm in soy bean, 133ppm in defatted soy bean, 79 ppm in wheat, 5 ppm in sodium chloride, 58 ppm in seed koji, 300-2000 ppm in spore of Aspergillus oryzae, 240 ppm in wheat gluten, 20 ppm in sodium carbonate (above figures were of dry weight basis), 6 ppm in hydrochloric acid, 18 ppm in caramel and 0.3ppm in brewing water respectively. 2, Iron contents in koji were 200-240 ppm (as dry weight basis) and increased, more or less, in progress of koji-making period. 3. Iron contents in the mashes during fermentation were 40 rpm after 1 month, 43-47 ppm after 3 months and 49-62ppm after 6 months. 4. In chemical soy sauce, the iron content was 159 ppm after hydrolysis of wheat gluten with hydrochloric acid, and 184 ppm after neutralization. 5. Higher iron contents were detected both in fermented and chemical soy sauce when the concentration of total nitrogen increased, but the levels were higher in chemical soy sauce than in fermented one at the same concentration of total nitrogen. 6. In the case of fermented soy sauce, the iron content in the filtrate was decreased by press-filtration, but no significant change was found between before and after heat-sterilization. 7. Iron contents in commercial soy sauce were varied with the producers, however, the average value was 62.7 ppm as calculated as 1.0 percent of total nitrogen. And the average level of iron in home-made soy sauce produced by conventional method was 37.68 ppm.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.5
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• pp.7-21
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• 1964

가잠(家蠶)(Bombyx mori)의 잠체(蠶體), 용체 및 견사선(絹絲腺)(후부(後部))에서 phenol법(法)으로 RNA를 추출(抽出)하여 RNA의 nucleotide 조성(組成)(mole ratio)을 살피는 한편, 견사선(絹絲腺)(후부(後部))에서 초원심법(超遠沈法)으로 r-RNA, s-RNA를 분리(分離)하여 이에 대(對)한 nucleotide조성(組成)을 조사(調査)하고 또 가잠견사선(家蠶絹絲腺)과 비교(比較)할 목적(目的)으로 거미 방적선(紡績腺)의 t-RNA를 분리(分離)하여 nucleotide성분(成分)을 측정(測定)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1) 잠란(蠶卵)에 있어서 이것을 마수(磨粹), 탈지(脫脂) 후(後) lysozyme을 작용(作用)시키고 10% NaCl용액(溶液)으로 가열(加熱) 추출(抽出)하는 새방법(方法)을 고찰(考察)하여 RNA의 추출(抽出)이 극난(極難)한 잠란(蠶卵)에서 RNA를 분리(分離)하는데 성공(成功)하였다. 2) 가잠란(家蠶卵), 잠체(蠶體), 용체 및 견사선(絹絲腺)(후부(後部))의 t-RNA nucleotide 조성(組成)은 다음과 같다. 시료(試料) $\frac{G+C}{A+U}$ $\frac{G+U}{A+C}$ $\frac{Pu}{Py}$ 가잠란(家蠶卵)의 RNA 1.14 1.24 0.99 가잠체(家蠶體)의 RNA 1.40 1.36 0.80 용체의 RNA 1.40 1.33 1.35 후부견사선(後部絹絲腺)의 RNA 1.05 1.32 1.15 이로서 잠체(蠶體). 용체 및 견사선(絹絲腺)의 Pu/Py는 각각(各各) 차이(差異)가 있으나 G+U/A+C는 3자간(者間)에 1.3의 거이 동일(同一)한 수치(數値)를 보여주고 있다. G+C/A+U는 잠체(蠶體)와 용체에 있어서 동일(同一)하나 견사선(絹絲腺)의 그것과는 차이(差異)가 있다. 한편 잠란(蠶卵)에 있어서는 Pu/Py, G+C/A+U, G+U/A+C가 각각(各各) 잠체(蠶體), 용체 및 견사선(絹絲腺)에 있어서와 현저(顯著)한 차이(差異)를 보여주고 있다. G+C/A+U가 1.3이나 되는 RNA의 base ratio를 가진 생물(生物)에 관(關)해서는 아직 보고(報告)된 바 없고 다만 본논문(本論文)의 가잠(家蠶)에 관(關)한 RNA와 속편(續編)인 각종(各種) 패류(貝類) RNA의 nucleotide 조성(組成)에서 모두 1.3에 가까운 수치(數値)를 보여주고 있다. 3) 견사선(絹絲腺)(후부(後部)) t-RNA와 거미 방적선(紡績腺)의 t-RNA의 nucleotide molar ratio 및 견사선(絹絲腺)의 r-RNA, s-RNA nucleotide 조성(組成)은 다음과 같다. 재료(材料) $\frac{G+C}{A+U}$ $\frac{G+U}{A+C}$ $\frac{Pu}{Py}$ 가잠견사선(家蠶絹絲腺)(후부(後部)의 t-RNA 1.05 1.32 1.15의 r-RNA 1.12 1.30 1.20의 s-RNA 1.55 1.33 0.65 지주방적선(蜘蛛紡績腺)의 t-RNA 1.35 1.24 1.16 즉(卽) 가잠견사선(家蠶絹絲腺)(후부(後部))과 거미방적선(紡績腺)의 t-RNA nucleotide 조성(組成)은 Pu/Py가 1.15와 1.16으로서 거이 동일(同一)하지만 G+C/A+U, G+U/A+C에 차이(差異)가 있음을 보았다. 한편 가잠견사선(家蠶絹絲腺)(후부(後部)) r-RNA와 s-RNA의 Pu/Py와 G+C/A+U는 현저(顯著)한 차이(差異)가 있고, G+U/A+C에 있어서는 1.3으로서 거이 동일(同一)한 수치(數値)를 보여주고 있다. 4. 이상(以上)과 같이 잠체(蠶體)에 관(關)한 RNA의 nucleotide 조성(組成)은 소위(所謂) GC-type로서, 현재(現在)까지 문헌(文獻)에 보고(報告)된 각종(各種) 생물(生物)의 RNA의 base ratio에 관(關)하여 비교(比較) 검토(檢討)하였으며, RNA의 nucleotide ratio의 차이(差異)의 의의(意義)에 대(對)하여 고찰(考察)하였다.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.123-139
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• 2011

It is expected that identification and lists of $C_4$ plants in specific regions are useful not only for the ecological researches that are related to vegetation phenology and succession but also as an index of climate change. In this review, $C_4$ plants growing in South Korea were listed and their life forms were investigated. In addition, we discussed the influences that climatic change and the $C_4$ plants exerted on plant ecosystem. Photosynthetic pathway types ($C_3$ and $C_4$) for the plant species in South Korea were determined by reviewing the scientific literatures published between 1971 and 2010. Of the total 4476 species in 1123 genera and 197 families, 206 species (4.6%) in 84 genera (7.5%) and 21 families (10.7%) were identified as $C_4$ plants (including $C_3$-$C_4$ intermediate plants). Among the identified $C_4$ species, 53 species (25.7%) in 26 genera and 15 families were classified as Dicotyledoneae, while 153 species (74.3%) in 58 genera and 6 families were classified as Monocotyledoneae. The majority of the $C_4$ species belong to four families: Chenopodiaceae (15 species), Amaranthaceae (13 species), Gramineae (102 speceis) and Cyperaceae (45 species). With respect to life form composition of 206 $C_4$ species, Th-$R_5$-$D_4$-t was most dominant: 95 species (46.1%) were included in Th, 123 species (59.7%) in $R_5$, 179 species (86.9%) in $D_4$, and 122 species (59.2%) in t. The projected increase in temperature due to climate change may provide better conditions for the growth of $C_4$ plants. Such a result will have considerable impacts on the interspecific competition between $C_3$ and $C_4$ plants, the distribution of $C_4$ plants, plant phenology, and plant diversity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.217-220
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• 2004

According as utilization for web increases rapidly, it is demanded that model about support interaction between web-based applications systematically and solutions can integrate new distributed platforms and existing environment effectively, accordingly, Web Services appeared by solution in reply. These days, a lot of software and hardware companies try to adoption of Web Services to their market, attenpt to construct their applications associationing components from various Web Services providers. However, to execute Web Services completely. it must have interoperability and need the standardization work that avoid thing which is subject to platform, application as well as service and programming language from other companies. WS-I (Web Services Interoperability organization) have established Basic Profile 1.0 based on XML, UDDI, WSDL and SOAP for web services interoperability and developed usage scenario Profile to apply Web Services in practice. In this paper, to verify suitability Web Services interoperability between heterogeneous two applications, have design and implements the Book Information Web Services that based on the Web Services Client of J2SE platform and the Web Services Server of .NET platform, so that analysis and verify the service by adaptation of WS-I Basic Profile.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.437-444
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• 2008

Anti-obesity effects of ginseng and herbal plant mixtures were investigated to develop natural materials for anti-obesity. After inducing obesity with high fat diet for 8 weeks in male SD rats, ginseng and herbal plant mixtures DM1 (ginseng, puer tea, opuntia) and DM2 (ginseng, puer tea) were administrated orally to rats for another 8 weeks. During administration, food efficacy ratio and body weight of rat were measured twice weekly. After administration, body weight, body fat contents, and serum lipid level were estimated for anti-obesity effect and hematological analysis blood level of ALP and ASP was checked for safety. Body weight in rats fed high fat diet was significantly increased. Body weight in obese rats induced by high fat diet was significantly decreased by DM1 and DM2 feedings. The amount of body fat (epididymal, perirenal and visceral fat, brown adipose tissue) was significantly reduced by DM1 and DM2 treatments. The amount of TG, the concentration of leptin in blood plasma, and the concentration of insulin in blood plasma were significantly diminished by DM1 and DM2. Lipid accumulation on liver was reduced in DM2. There were no side effects among all groups according to blood analysis, hematological findings, and body weight. The findings of this study suggest that DM1 and DM2 may be effective materials for anti-obesity through reducing plasma triglyceride and body fats, and also decreasing body weight without side effects.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.42-51
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• 2004

Peat humin(p-Humin), humic acid(p-HA) and fulvic acid(p-FA) were isolated from Canadian Sphagnum peat moss by dissolution in 0.1M NaOH followed by acid precipitation. After purification cycles, they are characterized for their elemental compositions and, acid/base properties. Functionalities and carbon structures of the humic fractions were also characterized using FT-IR and solid state $^{13}C$-NMR spectroscopy. Those results are compared with one another and with soil humic substances from literatures. Main purpose of this study was to present a chemical and spectroscopic characterization data of humic substance from peat moss needed to evaluate its environmental applicability. The relative proportions of the p-Humin, p-HA and p-FA in the peat moss was $76\%,\;18\%,\;and\;3\%$, respectively, based on the total organic matter content ($957{\pm}32\;g/kg$). Elemental composition of p-Humin were found to be $C_{1.00}H_{1.52}O_{0.79}N_{0.01}$ and had higher H/C and (N+O)/C ratio compared to those of p-HA($C_{1.00}H_{1.09}O_{0.51}N_{0.02}$) and p-FA($C_{1.00}H_{1.08}O_{0.65}N_{0.01}$). Based on the analysis of pH titration data, there are two different types of acidic functional groups in the peat moss and its humic fractions and their proton exchange capacities(PEC, meq/g) were in the order p-FA(4.91) >p-HA(4.09) >p-Humin(2.38). IR spectroscopic results showed that the functionalities of the peat moss humic molecules are similar to those of soil humic substances, and carboxylic acid(-COOH) is main function group providing metal binding sites for Cd(II) sorption. Spectral features obtained from $^{13}C$-NMR indicated that peat moss humic molecules have rather lower degree of humification, and that important structural differences exist between p-Humin and soluble humic fractions(p-HA and p-FA).

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.231-237
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• 2005

This study was carried out to evaluate the breeding values for economic traits in Korean native chicken on the basis of 11,583 birds of record along 7 generations collected from 1995 to 2001 at National Livestock Research Institute, Korea. The results obtained are summarized as follows : The breeding value estimates of the body weights at 150 and 270 days in Dark Brown, Light Brown, Gray Brown, Black and White strains were $-16.563\~0.474\;and\;-18.836\~21.700,\;-14.714\~9.272\;and\;-23.025\~11.297,\; -25.186\~12.953\;and\;-28.368\~18.156,\;-15.549\~6.329\;and\;-18.264\~4.963,\;-10.708\~20.284\; and\;-25.112\~10.132g$, respectively. The breeding value estimates of the ages at first egg in Dark Brown, Light Brown, Gray Brown, Black and White strains were $-1.236\~0.047,\;-1.509\~0.298,\;-1.362\~0.114,\;-1.436\~0.199\;and\;-1.385\~0.718$, respectively. The breeding value estimates of the egg weight at first egg and at 270 days were $-0.105\~0.075\;and\;-0.120\~0.398,\;-0.109\~0.042\;and\;-0.205\~0.173,\;-0.166\~0.084\;and\;-0.256\~0.091,\;-0.119\~0.066\;and\;-0.051\~0.132,\;-0.112\~0.027\;and\;-0.070\~0.101g$, respectively. The breeding value estimates of the egg Production to 270 days in Dark Brown, Light Brown, Gray Brown, Black and White strains were $0.298\~l.807,\;-0.049\~l.146,\;-0.396\~l.125,\;-1.206\~l.173\;and\;-0.474\~2.641$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.7-15
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• 1981

A Japanese larch has been reforested very much in Korea, but it is not used as a wood resources for paper pulp by now. So this study is carried out to utilize the larchwood for paper pulp manufacture through the Asplund pulping process. The experiment on increasing in the brightness of the pulp is made through the addition of $MgSO_4$, $ZnSO_4$, $Al_2(SO_4)_3$, and KI as a cellulose stabilizer in chip treatment with caustic soda which is followed by high-temperature defibration and conventional peroxide bleaching (5% NaOH plus 2% additive salt per wood in cold pretreatment), or in high-consistency (30%) pulp bleaching of hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid (100% acitve oxygen per lignin) for conventional one. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The solution of 0.5% additive salts had different pH by the sort of bases that was pH 5.7 in $MgSO_4$, liquor, pH 4.9 for $ZnSO_4$, and pH 2.9 for $Al_2(SO_4)_3$, and in the precepitation of bases which ranged to pH 6-13 for $MgSO_4$, pH 5-12 for $ZnSO_4$, and pH 3-10 for $Al_2(SO_4)_3$. 2. The cellulose stabilizer affective in high-consistency peroxide bleaching was KI, $MgSO_4$, and $ZnSO_4$, but has made a little improvement in de lignification and brightness of pulp in comparison with no addition. 3. The higher alkalinity in the chip treatment has made the higher strength and brightness of larchwood Aspiund pulp instead of downing the pulp yield. And the effective compound for cellulose stabilizer in caustic soda pretreatment of chip was $ZnSO_4$, $Al_2(SO_4)_3$ and KI in order for the conventional peroxide bleaching after Asplund pulping. 4. Therefore, the more effective additives for cellulose stabilization in high-temperature defibration of larchwood suppose to be $ZnSO_4$, $Al_2(SO_4)_3$, and KI, while KI and $MgSO_4$ for peroxide bleaching.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.1 s.270
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• pp.25-31
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• 2007

Background: Cerebral protection is one of the most important procedures during aortic arch surgery. We can minimize neurological complications through short period of total circulatory arrest and resuming of brain perfusion. We evaluated 11 patients who underwent arch replacement using antegrade brain perfusion via right axillary artery. Material and Method: Between July 2004 and July 2006, 11 patients (male 9, female 2) underwent aortic arch replacement with antegrade brain perfusion via right axillary artery. Preoperative diagnosis was listed; 5 type A aortic dissections (5/11, 45.5%), 5 aortic aneurysms (5/11, 45,5%) and 1 type A IMH (intramural hematoma, 1/11, 9%). The mean age at the time of operation was $60.3{\pm}12.8$ years. For antegrade brain perfusion, we performed right axillary artery cannulation in all patients. Retrograde brain perfusion was used briefly during total circulatory arrest. Result: The mean total circulatory arrest time was $31.1{\pm}16.9$ minutes and the mean retrograde brain perfusion time was $21{\pm}17.8$ minutes. Mean antegrade brain perfusion time was $77.9{\pm}17.5\;(43{\sim}101)$ minutes. We had neither operative mortality nor permanent neurological complications. Conclusion: By means of antegrade brain perfusion via right axillary artery, that could lead to decrease circulatory arrest time and minimize damages to severely atheromatous arch vessels, we can expect to reduce neurological complications after aortic arch replacement. Further investigation with iarge patient populations will be required.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 1994

These studies were Conducted to survey cultivation methods, and to analyze soil chemical properties for stable production of Aralia continentalis K., a promising medicinal crop, in the main producting districts. Aralia continentalis K. was cultivated with planting budstocks in distances of $90cm{\times}60cm$ for 3~4 years in the same field, and application rates were N 10~31 kg/10a and P, K 8~17/10a using inorganic fertilizer, that is compound fertilizer(21-17-17) for basal dressings and urea for topdressings. Most of all, the soil surveyed was coarse loamy class which was well drained and soil depth is 50~150cm in the valleys. Soil pH was low, and content of organic matters and av. $P_2O_5$ was abundant but that of exchangeable cation such as Ca, Mg, K was deficient. The relationship between growth characteristics and weight of fresh root was positive correlation in the order of No. of root, stem width, No. of node and branch, plant height and root width. On the path coefficiant analysis, the relationship between content of soil K, Ca and root yield was more apparent than other chemical properties.