• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 1985

A filed experiment was carried out to investigate the effects for growth, yield of red lopper (Saelona) and properties of soil by beer sewage sludge application to the sandy loam which fertility was common. The results obtained were summerized as follows. 1. Growth of red pepper in sludge plot was very poor by drought in early stage, but color of loaves was green and growth strength was better than nontreated plot after rainfall in last stage. There were no significant differencies between plant height, number of branch on main stem and stem height in sludge and standard plot. 2. Yield of matured red pepper per plant in NPK+, and PK+ sludge 1200kg, 2400kg and 4800kg/10a plot were less than those in standard plot respectively. 3. Ratio of dry weight of matured red pepper in NPK+, and PK+ sludge 1200kg, 2400kg and 4800kg/10a were high than those in standard plot appreciably. 4. Sewage sludge application (1200kg/10a. N=51kg) was available as nitrogen source of organic fertilizer considerably, but there were some growth inhibition by excess of amount applied. 5. Sewage sludge application decreased the pH of the soil and increased the content of organic matter and exchangeable babe in the soil appreciably.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.71-76
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• 1976

Field experiments were conducted to study the effect of amendments such as lime and organic matter for mulberry trees on the newly reclaimed sandy loam soil for three years. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Compared to the N.P.K check plot with treatments, leaf yield was increased by 20 to 80%. Leaf yield was higher in the order of NPK+magnesia lime < NPK+compost > NK+fused phosphate NPK+green manure > NPK+barley straw> NPKplot. 2. Mulberry leaf yield showed high significant positive correlation with total weight and volume of root, length and number of wattles and the content of CaO or MgO in leaf respectively. 3. It is known that dead part sympom of top branch during cold season is associated with unbalance magnesium to potassium in mulberry leaf. It is estimated that such symptom was deminished when the ratio of $K_2O/MgO$ in leaf becomes 6.0 or higher. 4. In establishing a mulberry field on hilly reclaimed soil, application of magnesium and calcium with compost was essential but higher amount of potassium fertilizer should be followed in order to prevent dead part symptom of top branch of mulberry trees.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 1998

This study was conducted with pot experiment to find out the effect of ginkgo leaf wastes application produced from the pharmaceutical process on the growth and yield of red pepper. Four kinds of ginkgo leaf wastes, the natural dried leaves, the leaves produced from the pharmaceutical process, the dried leaves to remove methanol after the pharmaceutical process, and the leaves washed with water to removal methanol and some activated materials after pharmaceutical process, were treated with two levels of application rates. The growth responses and yield were measured throughout the experimented period. Shoot growth of red pepper was inhibited by all treatment of ginkgo leaf wastes compared to the treatment of NPK and NPK+compost. Red pepper yields were also significantly reduced by treatment of the ginkgo leaf wastes except for the treatment of the water washed ginkgo leaf wastes, 1,000 kg/10a, which showed similar yield to NPK treatment. The major reseon to reduce the growth and yield seemed to be originated from the allelopathic substances of the ginkgo leaves. The organic matter contents of the soil after experiment were slightly increased with the treatment of the ginkgo leaf wastes and compost than that of NPK treatment. Based on these results, this study for using the ginkgo leaf wastes should be done more to utilize the wastes of the pharmaceutical process as a organic fertilizer.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.962-967
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• 2010

The influences of the different mixture of urea fertilizer and pig manure compost as a nitrogen (N) source on Chinese cabbage yield, N uptake, and N agronomic efficiency (AE) were evaluated in two soils having different soil fertility levels. Increasing urea application level was very effective to improve yield and N uptake of Chinese cabbage, and the highest yield was obtained by urea fertilization alone in two soils. On the other hand, the lowest yield and N uptake was obtained from compost alone application in two soils. There was no significant difference in terms of the nitrogen AE between low and high fertility soils that were fully applied with urea. The AE values of Chinese cabbage applied by compost alone were significantly higher in the soil having a low fertility (28.8 g $g^{-1}$) than that in soil with high fertility (16.2 g $g^{-1}$), suggesting that N in compost was more responsive in improving the yield of Chinese cabbage in low fertility soils.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.386-391
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate the indole acetic acid (IAA) formation in soils as a biological indicator for the health of rice paddy soils with control, nitrogen sole, chemical fertilizer (NPK), and chemical fertilizer plus compost (CNPK) plots. There was a positive relationship between colorimetric method and high performance liquid chromatography for IAA in soils determined, and the values were similar between two methods, as $0.83{\sim}1.23{\mu}g\;IAA\;g^{-1}h^{-1}$ in colorimetric method, $0.80{\sim}1.29{\mu}g\;IAA\;g^{-1}h^{-1}$ in HPLC method. Numbers of dehydrogenase-producing bacteria and the IAA production in soils were high in NPK and CNPK plots comparing with control and nitrogen sole plots. Also there was high correlation between numbers of dehydrogenase-producing bacteria and IAA production in soils.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.237-244
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: Impact of incorporating hairy vetch into soil on mitigating nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from maize field in South Korea has not been investigated, whereas impacts on soil properties and nutrients for crops have been investigated. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine N₂O emission from upland soil incorporated with hairy vetch for one year in maize field. METHODS AND RESULTS: Hairy vetch was grown in an upland soil from November, 2017 to May, 2018 and incorporated into soil on May 25 of 2018. Control and conventional treatment (NPK) were included for comparison. Gas samples were collected weekly for a year to examine N₂O emissions from the soil. Chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizer stimulated N₂O emission in short term resulting in the greatest cumulative N₂O emission in NPK (6.72 kg N₂O ha^-1) compared to the control (4.04 kg N₂O ha^-1) and hairy vetch-incorporated field (5.43 kg N₂O ha^-1), and the greatest yield of maize from NPK, because total N input was much greater by NPK (186 N kg ha^-1) than by hairy vetch (81.6 N kg ha^-1). CONCLUSION: Incorporation of hairy vetch reduced N₂O emissions from the maize compared to the NPK-treated field. However, further research on improving crop productivity with incorporation of hairy vetch is needed.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.173-179
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• 2017

Advanced countries, animal wastes are produced using bioenergy and methane gas technology. In Korea, many researches are being actively carried out to develop livestock manure as a resource technology rather than a animal waste. However, the production of bio-gas using livestock manure is still in the process of development of functional livestock and compost because of low economic efficiency with livestock manure recycling technology. In this paper, in order to accurately estimate the manure output, It will calculate the manure excretion if you have finished input the number of pigs. In addition, we simulated the fertilization rate of three elements of NPK fertilizer per 100 square meters automatically.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.484-494
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• 2019

This paper presents a preliminary investigation of the optimum nutrients combination required for bioremediation of spent-engine oil contaminated soil using Box-Behnken-Design. Three levels of cow-manure, poultry-manure and inorganic nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) fertilizer were used as independent biostimulants variables; while reduction in total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and total soil porosity (TSP) response as dependent variables were monitored under 6-week incubation. Ex-situ data generated in assessing the degree of biodegradation in the soil were used to develop second-order quadratic regression models for both TPH and TSP. The two models were found to be highly significant and good predictors of the response fate of TPH-removal and TSP-improvement, as indicated by their coefficients of determination: $R^2=0.9982$ and $R^2=1.000$ at $p{\leq}0.05$, respectively. Validation of the models showed that there was no significant difference between the predicted and observed values of TPH-removal and TSP-improvement. Using numerical technique, the optimum values of the biostimulants required to achieve a predicted maximum TPH-removal and TSP-improvement of 67.20 and 53.42%-dry-weight per kg of the contaminated soil were as follows: cow-manure - 125.0 g, poultry-manure - 100.0 g and NPK-fertilizer - 10.5 g. The observed values at this optimum point were 66.92 and 52.65%-dry-weight as TPH-removal and TSP-improvement, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.341-344
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• 1997

To check the possibility to use the pharmaceutical by product of ginkgo leaf for the improvement soil fertility, a pot experiment was conducted with paddy rice. There were three treatment; NPK alone, NPK+7000kg(air dry)/ha of ginkgo leaf waste and NPK+700 kg of water-washed ginkgo leaf waste (air dry)/ha. The result indicated that the application of ginkgo leaf waste severely retarded the growth of rice. Water washing did reduce the severity of retardation, but the water washed ginkgo leaf waste also retarded the growth of rice significantly. The result of this study suggested that ginkgo leaf waste may contain some growth inhibiting substance.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.9 no.1_2
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• pp.25-30
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• 1966

The writer presented in the report 7th of this series(Chong, 1959. '62 a.b. '64, '65) the result of fertlizer application on Sasamorpha purpurascens var. borealis with regards to soil conditions, climate, planting position etc. and this report is on the effectiveness of fertilizers by kinds of the new (1-year old) and old(3-to 4 years old) Phyllostachys retticulata. The ineffectiveness of fertilizers for old bamboos aged more than 8-years old has been reported previously. The study site was chosen in a bamboo groven situated at Hyunnae Ri, Okkye Myun, Myungju Gun, Kangwon Do. Each plot was so designed that only one individual remained at the center of a circular area with a dimeter of meters by eliminating the clums and severing the rhizomes, of other individuals around it. And, for the fertilizer test, 10 individuals(the new and old: 5 to 5) were observed per kind of fertilizer used; thus marking the total number of 160 plots in all. The second part of this study was conducted for the potted individuals which numbered 48, successfully established ones out of 55 the transplanted to pots. The 48 were divided into 8 treatments: whole fertilization (NPK＋compost＋human manure); NPK; N; K; Human manure; compost; and the control. Amoung of fertilizers applied was 200 grams for the natural plots and 100 grams for pot; it continued for 3 years and applied twice a year (spring and summer) following the theory of Dr. Koichi-ro Ueda(1954, '60 a.b.). Measurements were taken in August each year. The resutls were confirming the fact that the bamboos require a great deal of fertilizers. The results show the following points: 1) Fertilizers were more effective in the 3 to 4 year old bamboos. 2) The order of effectiveness of fertilizers by kind was the whole fertilization, NPK, and N treatments for Phyllostachys reticulata. 3) Organic matter in addition to commercial fertilizers showed better result than the soil application of the latter due to better soil aeration.