• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2022

Luteolin is a common dietary flavone possessing potent anti-inflammatory activities. However, when administrated in vivo, luteolin becomes methylated by catechol-O-methyltransferases (COMT) owing to the catechol ring in the chemical structure, which largely diminishes its anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, we made a modification on luteolin, named LUA, which was generated by the chemical reaction between luteolin and 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH). Without a catechol ring in the chemical structure, this new flavone could escape from the COMT-catalyzed methylation, thus affording the potential to exert its functions in the original form when administrated in the organism. Moreover, an LPS-stimulated RAW cell model was applied to detect the anti-inflammatory properties. LUA showed much more superior inhibitory effect on LPS-induced production of NO than diosmetin (a major methylated form of luteolin) and significantly suppressed upregulation of iNOS and COX-2 in macrophages. LUA treatment dramatically reduced LPS-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IFN-β. Furthermore, LUA significantly reduced the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 without affecting that of ERK. LUA also inhibited the activation of NF-κB through suppression of p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2014

Objectives : Bojungikgitang (BJT), the Oriental medical prescription has been traditionally used about improvement of immune response and infective disease at Asian nation. In this study, we has compared about the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects on BJT of three countries including Korea (Korean Traditional Medicine, KTM), China (Traditional Chinese Medicine, CTM) and Japan (Japanese Traditional Medicine, JTM). Methods : We has basically using LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The expression of these inflammatory mediators has measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Also, free radical scavenging assay has tested for anti-oxidative activity as well as the contents of total flavonoid and polyphenol. Results : As a result, we were founded the inhibitory effects of BJT (KTM, CTM, JTM) on LPS-induced production of NO, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 as well as the anti-oxidative activities. Especially the KTM was most effective in anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. Conclusions : These results indicate that BJT (KTM, CTM, JTM) has a good anti- inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. But, there were degree of effects on between pharmacopoeia of the countries. Thus, further study is required that find appropriate methods for extracting as well as establish of standardized processes in order to improve the quality of BJT (KTM, CTM, JTM) as an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative agent for treatment of inflammatory diseases.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.77-84
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• 2024

Objectives : Lysimachia mauritiana Lam. is known as a medicinal plant native to Korea that has antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. However, until now, research on the cultivation technology of L. mauritiana is insufficient, and there are no research data on the systematic cultivation method and mass production of L. mauritiana. Therefore, this study aims to establish a cultivation system of L. mauritiana. Methods : The cultivation environment of open land and facilities according to the growth of L. mauritiana was compared and tested. In addition, the equivalence of the origin collection extract and the cultivation extract was evaluated through Ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) patterns analysis according to cultivation and comparison of the effect of inhibiting respiratory inflammation using BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells. Results : The cultivation technology system was established through cultivation research of L. mauritiana raw materials. In addition, as a result of comparing and evaluating the equivalence of cultivated plants and L. mauritiana raw materials for suppressing respiratory inflammation, the same results were confirmed, and the equivalence was confirmed as a result of analyzing the UHPLC pattern with L. mauritiana raw materials. Conclusions : This study suggests that extract from cultivation research of L. mauritiana plants, which are native to Korea, can be used as a health functional food or medicine to improve respiratory health.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.208-214
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• 2018

Purpose: Platycodon grandiflorum (a domestic diploid variety, DV-PG) has been used as a food and component of various traditional oriental medicines. Although DV-PG is known to have an anti-allergic effect, little is known about the beneficial health effects of the tetraploid 'Etteum' variety in the Platycodon grandiflorum (TV-PG), which is a recently developed variety. In this study, we investigated the effect of TV-PG on the rat basophilic leukemia mast cell (RBL-2H3)-mediated allergic response. Methods: To examine the effects of TV-PG on the allergic response, RBL-2H3 cells were sensitized with dinitropheny (DNP)-immunoglobin E, treated with various concentrations of TV-PG, and challenged with DNP-human serum albumin. We estimated cell granulation by measuring the release of ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase and production of inflammatory mediators by ELISA. Results: TV-PG had no effect on the proliferation or cytotoxicity of RBL-2H3 cells within the concentration range of 0 to $200{\mu}g/mL$. TV-PG inhibited degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells by antigen stimulation in a dose-dependent manner. TV-PG also suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines and mediators such as interleukin-4, tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, prostagladin E2, and leukotriene B4 in RBL-2H3 cells by antigen stimulation. Conclusion: These results indicate that TV-PG exhibits anti-allergic activity via inhibition of degranulation as well as suppression of inflammatory mediators and cytokine release. These findings suggest that TV-PG may have potential as a preventive and therapeutic agent for the treatment of various allergic diseases.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.740-746
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• 2014

The anti-inflammatory effects of Polygonum multiflorum water extracts (PMWs) and Polygonum multiflorum 70 % ethanol extracts(PMEs) were investigated using lipopolysaccharide-induce by inflammatory response. The inhibitory effects of PMWs and PMEs on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and pro - inflammatory cytokines in LPS - activated Raw 264.7 cells were investigated. The effects were examined after reducing production of Nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein levels. RAW 264.7 cells were cultured with LPS ($1{\mu}g/mL$) in the presence or absence of PMWs and PMEs for 24 h to determine their NO, iNOS, COX-2 levels. During the entire experimental period 10, 25, 50 and $100{\mu}g/mL$ of PMWs and PMEs showed no cytotoxicity. At these concentrations, PMWs and PMEs concentration dependently reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$). PMWs and PMEs were inhibited the activittion of iNOS, COX-2 by 89%, 54%, 91% and 57% respectively, at $100{\mu}g/mL$. These results indicate that PMWs and PMEs significantly reduces the effect of oxidative and inflammatory cytokines.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1303-1311
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• 2019

This study was to investigate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuronal cell protective effects of Poria cocos Wolf and Corni fructus extracted by water and 70% ethanol. Total polyphenol content in water extract of Poria cocos Wolf was significantly higher than those of other extracts. DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activity in water extract of Corni fructus was higher than those of other extracts. DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activity were increased in a dose-dependent manners. In order to effectively extract total polyphenol contents and anti-oxidant components in Poria cocos Wolf and Corni fructus, hot water extraction method is more efficient than ethanol extraction method. Poria cocos extracts were found to be a superior NO production inhibitory effect compared to Corni fructus extracts. In a neuronal cell viability assay using MPP⁺, the water extract of Poria cocos Wolf protected against MPP⁺-induced neurotoxicity than those of Corni fructus extract. It is considered to be a potential functional material with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuronal protective effect against to oxidative stress according to the extract methods of extracting Poria cocos Wolf and Corni fructus.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2018

We analyzed the antioxidant and anti-wrinkle activities of berberine, isolated from dried rhizome of Coptis japonica Makino, to determine its cosmetic potential. We performed the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol]-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay to evaluate the toxicity of the berberine. We also measured the ROS and hyaluronic acid production, and expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$) to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-wrinkle activities of berberine, respectively. The cytotoxicity of ultraviolet light, in presence of berberine, was measured by the MTT assay using CCD-986sk fibroblasts, and no cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations less than $25{\mu}g/mL$. We also found that berberine decreased ROS production in a concentration-dependent manner and promoted the synthesis of hyaluronic acid. Further, berberine reduced the protein levels and mRNA expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, which are associated with wrinkle formation, and increased the expression of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. In addition, the inhibitory effect of berberine on $TNF-{\alpha}$, known as pro-inflammatory cytokine, was inhibited by $TNF-{\alpha}$ gene in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that berberine holds cosmetic value owing to its antioxidant activity, by inhibiting ROS production and anti-wrinkle activity by reducing MMP-2 and MMP-9 and increasing TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expression.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1836-1840
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• 2009

Recently, hydroxymethylfurfrual (HMF) has been highlighted as a key intermediate for the production of liquid biofuels and other valuable compounds. We used sesame roots as a biocatalyst to synthesize HMF using flask cultures. The synthesis of HMF was identified by GC-mass analysis. The highest root growth was observed in cultures with 1.0 mg/l NAA at $30^{\circ}C$, while root growth was not found in those without NAA treatment. When silver nitrate ($AgNO_3$) was added, the root growth was greatest in those treated with 0.5 mg/l $AgNO_3$ and cultured at $30^{\circ}C$. In the case of HMF synthesis, its highest yield was obtained in those treated with 0.5 mg/l NAA at $25^{\circ}C$, but low HMF was detected in those treated without naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The addition of $AgNO_$ to the culture medium showed a 8-10% reduction in HMF yield compared to that of the control, indicating its inhibitory effect on the synthesis of HMF. On the whole, an optimal culture temperature for HMF synthesis seemed to be between $25-30^{\circ}C$.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.425-430
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• 2012

Rumex acetosa is a perennial herb that is widely distributed across eastern Asia. Although the hot water extract of R. acetosa has been used to treat gastritis or gastric ulcers as a folk medicine, no scientific report exists for the use of this plant to treat gastric ulcers. Hence, the present study was undertaken to assess the anti-ulcer activity of water and 70% ethanol extracts obtained from R. acetosa, using an HCl/ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in mice. Anti-inflammatory and free radical-scavenging activities of these two extracts were also evaluated and compared. As a result, the administration of R. acetosa extracts significantly reduced the occurrence of gastric ulcers. However, significant differences in protective activity against gastric ulcers were observed between the two samples. In the case of the group pretreated with an ethanol extract dosage of 100 mg/kg, the protective effect (90.9%) was higher than that of water extract (41.2%). Under histological evaluation, pretreatment with R. acetosa extracts reversed negative effects, such as inflammation, edema, moderate hemorrhaging and loss of epithelial cells, presented by HCl/ethanol-treated stomachs. Meanwhile, R. acetosa extracts showed potent DPPH radical-scavenging activity and decreased NO production in a murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7, in a dose-dependent manner without affecting cellular viability. The greater anti-ulcer and NO production inhibitory activities exhibited by ethanol extracts compared to water extracts could be ascribed to the higher emodin levels, a major anthraquinone component of this plant.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.10.1-10.11
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• 2017

Background: Transfer of pesticides from environment to animal products is inevitable, so the purpose of the present work was to evaluate phosalone consumption via feeding with or without sodium bentonite (SB) on performance, blood metabolites and its transition to milk of Iranian Baluchi sheep. Methods: Twenty Baluchi ewes were divided into four treatments (P1 as control, P2, P3, and P4) of five animals in which phosalone, an organophosphate pesticide, was given via diet (only for P2 and P3) at a dose of 280 mg/sheep/day for 63 consecutive days. The SB (32 g/sheep/day; for P3 and P4) was also evaluated for its ability to reduce deleterious effects of phosalone in the sheep diets. The control group (P1) did not receive any phosalone and SB during the experiment. Sampling was conducted in two periods of time including weeks 5 and 9. Results: Phosalone residues were observed in the milk samples of P2 and P3 groups during two sampling periods. During period 1, the transfer rate of phosalone from feed to milk was 0.23 and 0.02%, respectively for the contaminated diets (P2 and P3), which is relatively similar to period 2 (0.22 and 0.02%). Only 0.34 (period 1) and 0. 36% (period 2) of phosalone residue are excreted in the feces of P2 group following its daily consumption. Transfer of phosalone from feed to milk was affected (P < 0.05) by the dietary inclusion of a commercial SB, as it (SB) decreased excretion of phosalone via milk (P3). The phosalone and SB alone or together had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on the dry matter intake (DMI) and body weight (BW) gain, but feed efficiency, milk production, milk fat, dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity, hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), albumin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) affected by the treatments in period 1 or 2 (P < 0.05). The Hb, RBC, and MCHC were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) by about 9.72, 20.77, and 9.71%, respectively in the group P2 as compared to those of the control group during period 1. The AChE inhibitory activity (period 1 and 2) significantly increased when phosalone administered via the diet (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Although there were no adverse effects on the performance of sheep following the intake of phosalone alone (P2 vs. P1), but other research on the long and short times to the phosalone in high and low doses with more animals is suggested. Overall, compared to the control group, addition of SB in the diet of sheep improved nutrient digestibility, animal performance, and milk health.