• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.16-20
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• 2006

동충하초 재배 농가는 누에가 고치를 짓게 한 후 동충하초균 감염 개체를 식별하기 위하여 그 고치를 절개하는 작업 노력이 수반되나, 고치를 짓지 않는 나용 1대 교잡종을 이용함으로써 고치를 절개하는 노력을 줄일 수 있다. 나용 교잡종을 이용할 때에는 사육온도와 균 접종조건을 기존의 방법과는 달리해야 한다는 것이 다음과 같이 확인되었다. (1) 동충하초 생산성을 높이는 나용 교잡종 사육 온도(가) 나용화율 표준 사육온도($^{\circ}C$)보다 $3^{\circ}C$ 고온사육 때 나용화율이 약 90%로. 가장 높았고, $-2^{\circ}C$ 저온사육 때 약 40%로 가장 낮았다. (나) 용화율 및 용체중 : 고온과 적온사육 간에는 큰 차이가 없었으나 저온 사육에서는 다소 낮아지는 경향이었다. (다) 누에 소잠에서 상족까지 소요일수 : 표준사육 온도에 비해 고온사육에서 3.3일 단축되고 저온사육에서 5.7일 연장되었다. (2) 나용 교잡종에 대한 동충하초균의 최적 접종 조건(가)균 접종 농도 : $1{\times}10^7spores/ml$에서 감염을 및 분생자병속 형성율이 가장 높았고, $5{\times}10^7spores/ml,\;1{\times}10^8spores/ml$ 순으로 접종농도가 높아질수록 감염률 및 분생자병속 형성율이 낮아졌다. (나) 접종시간 : 춘추 모두 12시간 고온 다습처리 메 감염을 및 분생자병속 형성률이 높았다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2002

The present experiment was performed in order to know the therapeutic effect of laserpuncture and aquapuncture with methionine on recovery in artificially induced hepatic damaged rats by carbon tetrachloride. The animals were divided into control, laserpuncture and aquapuncture groups. The changes of serum enzyme activities(ALT and AST), serum total protein contents, protein fractions(ALB and GLB) and A/G ratio were examined before and after application of laserpuncture and aquapuncture. In change of serum ALT activity, recovery with treatment in laser and aquapuncture groups was more rapid than that of control. The significant decreased value was shown on 3rd(P < 0.05) and 7th day(P < 0.01) after treatment in laserpuncture group and on 7th day(P < 0.05) after treatment in aquapuncture group. In addition, significance was detected on 2nd day(P < 0.05) between laserpuncture and aquapuncture groups. In change of serum AST activity, recovery with treatment in laserpuncture and aquapuncture groups was more rapid than that of control. The significant lower values on 7th day(P<0.01) in aquapuncture groups. In addition, significant low value was detected on 7th day(P < 0.05) in aquapuncture group comparing with that of laserpuncture group. The change of serum TP contents showed similar pattern in control, laser and aquapuncture groups. The significances were detected on 7th day(P < 0.05) in both experimental groups. In addition, significant high value was detected on 2nd day(P < 0.05) in laserpuncture group comparing with that of aquapuncture group. The change of serum ALB content with treatment in laser and aquapuncture groups was more rapid than that of control. The significant high value was shown on 2nd(P < 0.01), 5th(P < 0.05) and on 7th day(P < 0.01) in laserpuncture group. In addition, significant high value was detected on 3rd day(P<0.01) only in aquapuncture group comparing with laserpuncture group. The change of serum GLB content showed similar pattern among groups. The significant low values were detected on 2nd day(P < 0.05) in aquapuncture group. In addition significant high value was detected on 5th day(P < 0.01) only in laserpuncture group comparing with that of aquapuncture group. In change of A/G ratio laser and aquapuncture groups showed higher values than that of control. The significant high values were detected on 1st day(P < 0.Of) and 2nd day(P < 0.05) in laserpuncture group, and on 1st day(P < 0.05) and 2nd day(P < 0.01) in aquapuncture group. In addition, significant high value was detected on 5th day(P < 0.05) in aquapuncture group comparing with that of laserpuncture. Considering above findings collectively, it was considered that both laserpuncture and aquapuncture were effective; aquapuncture was more effective than laserpuncture for recovery of hepatic damage.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.307-315
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• 2001

The application of Nd:YAG laser and irrigants to the root surface can change its surface configurations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Nd:YAG laser and irrigants on the apical seal of obturated canals. In this study, 66 single rooted teeth were randomly assigned to 4 group of 14 teeth each. 8 teeth were served us positive and negative controls. The teeth were divided into 6 groups as follows. Group A: Nd:YAG laser, 5% NaOCl + Rc-prep Group B: Nd:YAG laser, Saline Group C: 5% NaOCl + Rc-prep Group D: Saline Group E: Positive control Group F: Negative control 66 teeth were instrumented using Maillefer ProFile$^{\circledR}$ (Orifice Shapers, .04 taper, .06 taper Dentsply, Switzerland). Two of each group were selected at random, and the canal wall surfaces were examined under a SEM. 12 teeth of each group were obturated using by lateral condensation technique. Specimens were immersed in india ink for 7days, decalcified by 10% nitric acid, dehydrated by 75. 80. 85, 90, 95 and 100% alcohol in order cleared by methyl salicylate and then measured of dye penetration with stereomicroscope($\times$15 magnification) and Image Pro plus. The data were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA test and Duncan's Multiple Range test. The results were as follows : 1. The mean leakage was 0.128$\pm$0.376 for group A, 0.237$\pm$0.325 for group B, 0.397$\pm$0.468 for group C, 0.586$\pm$0.402 for group D, and there were statistically significant differences between group A and group D, group B and group D. (p<0.05). 2. Group A had better sealing ability than Group C, but there was statistically no significant differences. (p>0.05). 3. Group B had better sealing ability than Group D and there was statistically significant difference. (p<0.05). 4 Group A had better sealing ability than Group B, but there was statistically no significant difference. (p>0.05). 5. Group C had better sealing ability than Group D, but there was statistically no significant difference. (p>0.05). 6. As a result of observation under SEM, Smear layers were removed in Group A, B. but Smear layers were partially removed and smear plugs were remained in Group C, Smear layers were not removed in Group D. To be specially, Melting of smear layer were showed in Group C. 7. These results suggests that the laser has a potential in reducing the apical microleakage of obturated canals.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2009

목적: 석회화 건염에 대하여 보존적 치료 및 조기 관절경을 이용한 수술적 치료 후 통증과 임상경과를 비교 관찰하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2002년 2월부터 2008년 5월까지 석회화 건염으로 진단받은 30예 중 6개월 이상 추시관찰이 가능하였던 스테로이드 주사치료 15예 및 수술 치료 15예를 대상으로 하여 석회질의 통증과 운동 범위의 호전을 2주, 12주, 24주째 각각 비교 관찰하여, Constant-Murley score를 이용하여 평가하였다. 결과: 통증 정도는 Constant-Murley score상 보존적 치료군의 경우 수술 전 평균 3.2에서 치료 이후 2주, 12주, 24주째 각각 13.6점, 14.5점, 14.7점이었으며, 수술적 치료군은 수술 전 평균 3.3에서 수술후 2주, 12주, 24주째 각각 10.2점, 13.0점, 14.3점이었다. 운동 범위는 보존적 치료군의 경우 수술 전 평균 14.3에서 치료 이후 2주, 12주, 24주째 각각 21.7점, 31.3점, 35.7점이었으며, 수술적 치료군은 수술 전 평균 14.4에서 수술후 2주, 12주, 24주째 각각 33.1점, 35.8점, 36.4점이었다. 치료 2주째 및 12주째 두 간의 비교에서는 수술적 치료 군이 유의하게 우수하였으나, 최종 추시시는 통계학적인 차이가 없었다. 결론: 석회화 건염의 조기 관절경적 치료는 환자의 만족도를 높이고 조기에 일상 생활로 복귀할 수 있는 효과적인 치료법으로 사료된다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.232-239
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• 2008

The dental orthodontic mini-screw requires good mechanical properties and high corrosion resistance for implantation in the bone. The purpose of this study was to investigate the electrochemical characteristics of TiN and ZrN coated orthodontic mini-screws, mini-screws were used for experiment. Ion plating was carried out for mini-screw using Ti and Zr coating materials with nitrogen gas. Ion plated surface of each specimen w as o bserved with f ield emission scanning e lectron microscopy ( FE-SEM), e nergy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and electrochemical tester. The surface of TiN and ZrN coated mini-screw were more smooth than that of other kinds of non-coated mini-screw due to dercrease of machined defects. The corrosion current density of the TiN and ZrN coated mini-screw decreased compared to non-coated sample. The corrosion potential of TiN and ZrN coated mini-screw were higher than that of non-coated mini-screw in 0.9% NaCl solution. The pitting corrosion resistance increased in the order of ZrN coated, TiN coated and non-coated wire. Pitting potential of ZrN coated mini-screw was the highest in the other specimens.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2007

본 연구는 염화네오디뮴 수용액으로부터 탄산수소암모늄의 첨가에 의한 탄산네오디뮴 합성 시, 반응에 따라 형성되는 탄산네오디뮴 결정에 대하여 고찰하였다. 결정형의 탄산네오디뮴을 얻기 위해서는 염화네오디뮴 수용액에 투입되는 탄산수소암모늄 수용액의 농도와 반응온도가 중요한 역할을 한다. 무정형의 탄산네오디뮴은 핵생성을 통한 일차입자들의 응집에 의하여 형성되며, 반응물의 농도 및 반응온도 등을 증가시켜 반응속도를 빠르게 함으로서 결정형의 탄산네오디뮴을 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 반응조건에 따라 lanthanite[$Nd_2(CO_3)_3{\cdot}8H_2O$]와 tengerite[$Nd_2(CO_3)_3{\cdot}2.5H_2O$] 결정구조를 갖는 탄산네오디뮴을 합성할 수 없었으며, lanthanite 구조의 탄산네오디뮴은 온도에 민감하고 불규칙한 모양의 덩어리 형태를 가지며, 반면에 tengerite 구조의 탄산네오디뮴은 침상의 형태를 가지고 있음을 알 수 있다. 열분해 거동 고찰 결과 250까지 탄산네오디뮴의 결정수가 분해되고 $420^{\circ}C$부근에서 $CO_2$가 분해되어 $Nd_2O_2CO_3$가 형성되며, $620^{\circ}C$에서 산화네오디뮴 결정화가 시작하여 $700^{\circ}C$ 부근에서 최종적으로 산화네오디뮴의 형성되는 것을 알 수 있다. 또한 소성된 산화네오디뮴의 형상은 탄산네오디뮴의 형상에 의하여 영향 받고 있음을 알 수 있다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.402-408
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• 2013

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface properties and in vitro bioactivity to osteoblasts of magnesium and magnesium-hydroxyapatite coated titanium. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Themagnesium (Mg) and magnesium-hydroxyapatite (Mg-HA) coatings on titanium (Ti) substrates were prepared by radio frequency (RF) and direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering.The samples were divided into non-coated smooth Ti (Ti-S group), Mg coatinggroup (Ti-Mg group), and Mg-HA coating group (Ti-MgHA group).The surface properties were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The surface roughness was evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Cell adhesion, cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were evaluated using MC3T3-E1 cells. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was performed. RESULTS. Cross-sectional SEM images showed that Mg and Mg-HA depositionson titanium substrates were performed successfully. The surface roughness appeared to be similaramong the three groups. Ti-MgHA and Ti-Mg group had improved cellular responses with regard to the proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and bone-associated markers, such as bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNA compared to those of Ti-S group. However, the differences between Ti-Mg group and Ti-MgHA group were not significant, in spite of the tendency of higher proliferation, ALP activity and BSP expression in Ti-MgHA group. CONCLUSION. Mg and Mg-HAcoatings could stimulate the differentiation into osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, potentially contributing to rapid osseointegration.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.140-147
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• 1985

Seventy four Holstein heifers were randomly assigned over three trials to PRID-7+PG-6 and Synchromate B-9 regimens to synchronize estrus cycle for embryo transfer. Sexual behaviors; moounting, standing, orientation, chin-resting, sniffing, licking, rubbing and butting, vaginal swelling and mucus discharge were observed between 06-08, 12-14 and 18-20 h on 1st day and 00-02, 06-08, 12-14 and 18-20 h on 2nd day after removal of hormones. Synchromate-B treatment (81.6%) showed higher synchronized estrus rate than PRID treatment (77.8%) during observation period. Standing estrus was observed within 74 h after PG injection in PRID and within 52 h after removal of implant in Synchromate-B. About 68% of heifers in PRID and 74% of heifers in Synchromate-B showed standing estrus between 0-14 h on 2nd day after removal of the hormones. Synchromate-B resulted in a tighter synchrony of standing estrus than PRID. Incidence of average mounting and standing per head during observation period was 22.3 and 16.6 in PRID and 28.1 and 13.6 in Synchromate-B. The PRID showed peak in active mounting at 18-20 h on 1st day, however, the Synchromate-B showed at 0-2 h on 2nd day after removal of hormone. Active standing was shown between 18 h on 1st day to 20h on 2nd day in PRID, however, between 0-14 h on 2nd day after removal of hormone is Synchromate-B. There was slight difference in pattern of active mounting and standing during estrus between PRID and Synchromate-B. Conception rate of synchronized heifers transferred with fresh and frozen embryos by non-surgical and surgical methods was higher in synchromate-B (62.5%) than in PRID (38.5%). Chin-resting showed highest incidence among 6 sexual behavioral components in the both treatments. Synchromate-B showed higher incidence of chin-resting (16.6) than PRID (10.7). Synchromate-B group showed also higher incidence of orientation, sniffing and butting than PRID group. Synchromate-B resulted in more active sexual behaviors than PRID. The pattern of incidence of chin-resting, licking and butting was almost symmetrical in PRID with their peak values at 6-8 h on 2nd day, however in Synchromate-B chin-resting and sniffing was symmetrical with their peak values at 12-14 h on 2nd day after removal of hormone. There was tendency to increase vaginal swelling according to time passage of synchronized estrus in the both treatments. Incidence of mucus discharge in Synchromate-B was slightly higher than in PRID. Twenty to 40% was false negative in conception rate by tall painting before re-estrus day as judged by rectal palpation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.235-248
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the width of attached gingiva of 414 subjects with healthy gingiva, or early stage of gingivitis. We compared the differences according to the tooth location, age (Yonger group : $14{\sim}30$, Older group : $31{\sim}67$) and gender. In addition, we compared the width of attached gingiva in the subjects with less than 2 sites of gingival recession($Re{\leq}2$) and the subjects with more than 3 sites of gingival recession($Re{\geq}3$) to study the relationship between the gingival recession and the width of attached gingiva. The results were as follows : 1. The width of keratinized gingiva was widest in maxillary incisors($5.3{\pm}1.4mm$) and narrowest in mandibular right 1st bicuspid and mandibular right and left 2nd molars($3.5{\pm}1.1mm$). 2. The width of attached gingiva was widest in maxillary right central incisor($3.8{\pm}1.5mm$) and narrowest in mandibular right 2nd molar($1.2{\pm}1.0mm$). 3. In the comparison between the age groups, the width of keratinized in older group was significantly (p<0.05) wider than that in younger group in maxillary right and left 1st bicuspids, mandibular right and left 1st and 2nd molars, maxillary right and left cuspids and mandibular right 1st bicuspid. There was no significant difference in the width of attached gingiva between the two groups except for maxillary right and left 1st molars and maxillary left 2nd molar. 4. In the comparison between male group and female group, in maxillary right and and left lateral incisors and cuspids, mandibular right and left cuspids and 1st bicuspids, the width of attached gingiva in female was significantly(p<0.05) wider than that in male group. 5. In the comparison between the Re 3 group and Re 2 group, there was no significant difference except for maxillary right and left 2nd molars and maxillary left 1st molar. 6. The frequency of gingival recession was m the order of mandibular right 1st bicuspid(16.6%), maxillary right 1st bicuspid(13.7%), maxillary and mandibular left 1st bicuspids (13.4%), mandibular left cuspid (10.5%), maxillary left and mandibular right cuspids(10.1%) and maxillary right cuspid(7.9%).

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.5-16
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• 1991

희토류 금속 산화물(RE=Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu, Er)을 1wt% 첨가한 큐빅 $ZrO_2(10 mol% Y_2O_3)$단결정을 스컬법으로 육성하였다. 육성된 단결정의 (111) 면에서의 임피던스 분석에 의한 전기적 성질을 조사하였다. 낮은 온도($500^{\circ}C$)에서 온도와 전기전도도와의 관계를 plot하였으며 $약300-400^{\circ}C$ 사이에서 전이를 관찰하였다. 저온 (전이전)과 고온(전이후 $50^{\circ}C$까지)산소 vacancy 이동에 관한 활성화 에너지를 구하였으며 전이로 인한 활성화 에너지의 차이는 안정제로 첨가한 이트륨 이온과 희토류 dopant 그리고 산소 vacancy와의 defect complexes를 붕괴하고 이온전도에 참여하게되는 산소 vacancy 형성에 관한 활성화 에너지로 볼 수 있다. yttria가 첨가됨에 따라, 또 희토류 산화물들의 첨가에 따른 활성화 에너지를 구하였으면 이온전도기구를 논의하였다. 육성된 단결정들은 첨가된 dopantdp 기인하여 Ce은 orang-red, Pr은 golden-yellow, Nd는 lilac, Eu는 옅은 pink, Er은 pink색으로 발현하였으며 가시광선 영역에서 광흡수 결과로서 나타내었다.