• 정보과학회 논문지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.645-652
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• 2016

사회학습기제(Social learning mechanisms) 가운데 공동주의(Joint Attention; JA)는 인간의 학습에 핵심적 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 그러나 기존 인간 대 인간 상호작용 연구 방법론으로는 JA 요소 별 상호작용(예: 손 또는 머리)에 대한 연구가 어려웠다. 본 연구에서는 인간-아바타 상호작용(Human-Avatar Interaction)과 가상현실(Virtual Reality) 방법론을 시험적으로 적용하여 JA 요소 별 상호작용을 연구할 수 있는 프로그램을 만들고, 이를 활용하여 정상군의 상호작용에 대하여 2회에 걸친 실험으로 연구하였다. 본 연구 결과에 따르면 상호작용 방법론(손 또는 머리)에 상관없이 능동적 JA(Initiating JA: IJA)가 반응적 JA (Responding JA: RJA)보다 정보처리를 촉진시켰으며, 손을 이용한 상호작용이 머리를 이용한 상호작용 보다 상대적으로 정보처리에 영향을 많이 주는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과에 대한 잠재적 해석과 연구로써의 한계에 대하여 본 논문에서 논의하였다.

• 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.507-512
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• 2014

최근 전력의 한계 때문에 많은 트랜지스터를 모두 이용할 수 없는 '다크실리콘' 문제가 발생했다. 이 문제를 효율적으로 해결하기 위하여 CPU(Central processing unit)와 GPU(Graphic processing unit)를 함께 사용하여 분산처리하기 시작했다. 최근에는 CPU(Central processing unit)와 GPU(Graphic processing unit)가 메모리와 Last Level Cache를 공유하는 내장형 GPU 프로세서(Integrated graphic processing unit processor)가 등장했다. 하지만 CPU 프로세스와 GPU 프로세스가 LLC(Last level cache)로 접근하기 위한 어떠한 규칙이 없기 때문에, 동시에 CPU 프로세스와 GPU 프로세스 수행될 때 LLC(Last level cache)를 차지하기 위한 경쟁이 일어나 성능 저하가 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 캐시 접근 빈도가 큰 여러 개의 프로세스들이 수행됨에 따라 캐시 오염이 발생한 상황에서 GPU 프로세스의 성능 보장을 위하여 GPU 프로세스만을 위한 고정된 Last Level Cache 공간을 주는 캐시 분할방식이 필요함을 증명하고 캐시를 분할하기 위한 페이지 컬러링 기법을 소개하고 디자인한다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.47-60
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• 2017

Objectives The aim of this research is to assess the effects of bee venom acupuncture for knee osteoarthritis. Methods For a systematic review, we constructed a key question as the effect of bee venom acupuncture for knee osteoarthritis and selected RCTs and nRCTs. We searched the following 15 databases without a language restriction: Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL (CENTRAL), CINAHL, AMED, seven Korean medical databases (KoreaMed, Kmbase, KISS, NDSL, KISTI, Koreantk, OASIS) and three Chinese databases including CNKI, Wanfang and VIP database. Results A total of 300 potentially relevant studies were identified; only 13 studies were selected for systematic review. Almost studies showed that bee venom acupuncture has significant effect on knee osteoarthritis. 5 studies comparing bee venom acupuncture with acupuncture were included in the meta-analysis. The effect size of standardized mean difference (SMD) was analyzed as 'small effect' with 0.47 (95% CI: 0.10~0.83, Z=2.49, p=0.01). Conclusions The research showed that bee venom acupuncture can significantly reduce pain, stiffness and improve the quality of life of patients with knee osteoarthritis. However, most of the studies included in the analysis were evaluated as methodologically high risk of bias. This suggests that there is limitation applying this study. In the future, more Randomized Controlled trial should be actively conducted.

• 복식
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.60-76
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to present the viewpoint on the 'clothes' as a part of art works which has the kunstwollen(artistic will) and the philosophy of a creator rather than just an outfit. For the literary research, this study investigates the history of Iconology and the E. Panofsky's theory. In order to make up for the limitation of Panofsky's iconology, applies the theories of H. Gombrich and N. Goodman. For the case research, Vivienne Westwood is selected because her fashion works have been mentioned as the artistic pieces by many fashion critics or the presses. Also Westwood has different social and cultural contexts which based on the periodic background, social influences and cultural actualities. The conclusions of this study are as follows. First, in order to read the symbolic meaning, the kunstwollen and the aesthetic consciousness of the fashion designer's works properly, the systematized interpretation method is necessary. Second, the creative works of Vivienne Westwood have been influenced by the various external elements. Especially her national background and identity are the main elements which have governed her creation. Third, Vivienne Westwood creates her works not just to wear but to incorporate the ideology and the philosophy of herself. She expresses the kunstwollen and the aesthetic consciousness through her works. Forth, Vivienne Westwood pursues the communication between the human being and the world. Fifth, fashion makes various attempts to combine with different artistic fields. The 21st century fashion has developed to new direction with diverse trials and combinations. Fashion is not just making clothes, but accepting and delivering the history and culture, expressing and communicating empathy, and combining the different fields harmoniously.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.1006-1012
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• 1999

This study was conducted to evaluate the ELISA kit for measuring the level of cortisol in the urine. The CV of within-run variation and day to day variation were 0.4~2.8 and 1.8~5.7, respectively. The minimum limitation of measurement was 1ng/ml. The cross reaction was high ($CR_{50}(%)=11.4{\sim}43.2$) in prednisolone, 11-deoxycortisol, 21-deoxycortisol and predinosone. There was low and no cross reaction in other steroid. To develop the ELISA kit we measured the cortisol level in diluted urine with PBS (procedure I), extracted urine with methylene chloride (procedure II) and extracted methylene chloride-extracted urine from thin-layer chromatography (procedure III). The CV value of procedure I, II, III was 9.4~28.3%, 7.2~8.9% and 2.5~5.7%, respectively. There was significant difference between procedure I with II, and pro-cedure I with III(p < 0.01), but no difference between procedure II with III significantly(p < 0.01). The mean UCCR of urine collected through am 8 to 10 was $9.5{\pm}7.6$(0.14~28.0) in 12-month-old dog(n = 47). In this study we can measure the cortisol level in extracted urine with methylene chloride and sequential thin-layer chromatography accurately using ELISA kit.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.140-144
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• 2011

PURPOSE. Finite element study on the effect of abutment length and material on implant bone interface against dynamic loading. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Two dimensional finite element models of cylinderical implant, abutments and bone made by titanium or polyoxymethylene were simulated with the aid of Marc/Mentat software. Each model represented bone, implant and titanium or polyoxymethylene abutment. Model 1: Implant with 3 mm titanium abutment, Model 2: Implant with 2 mm polyoxymethylene resilient material abutment, Model 3: Implant with 3 mm polyoxymethylene resilient material abutment and Model 4: Implant with 4 mm polyoxymethylene resilient material abutment. A vertical load of 11 N was applied with a frequency of 2 cycles/sec. The stress distribution pattern and displacement at the junction of cortical bone and implant was recorded. RESULTS. When Model 2, 3 and 4 are compared with Model 1, they showed narrowing of stress distribution pattern in the cortical bone as the height of the polyoxymethylene resilient material abutment increases. Model 2, 3 and 4 showed slightly less but similar displacement when compared to Model 1. CONCLUSION. Within the limitation of this study, we conclude that introduction of different height resilient material abutment with different heights i.e. 2 mm, 3 mm and 4 mm polyoxymethylene, does not bring about significant change in stress distribution pattern and displacement as compared to 3 mm Ti abutment. Clinically, with the application of resilient material abutment there is no significant change in stress distribution around implant-bone interface.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.332-337
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• 1994

Under standard condition (Han, et al., 1990: glucose 1%-nitrate 0.1% minimal medium, 30 ml in 9 cm plate, $10^6$ cells of inoculum per plate), wild type of Aspergillus nidulans developed both sexual and asexual organs in ballance, while velA1 mutant developed asexual ones preferentially. Increase of glucose concentration did not significantly affect the asexual sporulation. However, development of sexual organs were largely affected. It was greatly enhanced when favorable nitrogen source, for example, casein hydrolysate was added, which is contrary to the case of Neurospora or Saccharomyces where limitation of N source induces sexual development. On most of moderate C sources asexual development in $velA^+$ strain was largely inhibited except acetate on which only asexual spores were produced, while that in velA1 mutant strain was not affected. Lactose promoted the sexual development even in velA1 mutant indicating that lactose itself or its metabolic intermediate may induce sexual development independent of allelic state of velA gene. On other moderate favorable C sources, glycerol, galactose and ethanol, asexual development was largely inhibited in $velA^+$ strain but not in velA1 mutant strain. Sexual organs were, however, never produced on acetate. These results suggested that asexual development of wild type is largely dependent on C sources and the velA gene is involved in the repression of asexual development in not-enough-grown (non-competent) thalli resulting in preferential progression of sexual development.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.1158-1165
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• 1999

조건부 분기 명령어(conditional branch instruction)의 잘못된 분기 예측(branch misprediction)은 프로세서의 성능 향상에 심각한 장애 요인이 되고 있다. 특히 시분할(time-sharing) 시스템과 같이 문맥 교환(context switch)이 발생하는 멀티프로그래밍 환경(multiprogramming environment)에서는 더욱 낮은 분기 예측 정확성(branch prediction accuracy)을 보인다. 본 논문에서는 문맥 교환이 발생하는 멀티프로그래밍 환경에서 높은 분기 예측 정확성을 보이는 중첩 분기 예측표 교환(Overlapped Predictor Table Switch, OPTS) 기법을 소개한다. 분기 예측표(predictor table)를 분할하여 각각의 프로세스(process)에 할당하는 OPTS 기법은 문맥 교환의 영향을 최소화함으로써 높은 분기 예측 정확성을 유지하는 분기 예측 방법이다.Abstract There is wide agreement that one of the most important impediments to the performance of current and future pipelined superscalar processors is the presence of conditional branches in the instruction stream. Accurate branch prediction is required to overcome this performance limitation. Many branch predictors have been proposed to help to alleviate this problem, including the two-level adaptive branch predictor, and more recently, hybrid branch predictor. In a less idealized environment, such as a time-sharing system, code of interest involves context switches. Context switches, even at fairly large intervals, can seriously degrade the performance of many of the most accurate branch prediction schemes. In this study, we measure the effect of context switch on the branch prediction accuracy in various situation and show the feasibility of our new mechanism, OPTS(Overlapped Predictor Table Switch), which save and restore branch history table at every context switch.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.444-453
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• 2007

최근에 전기 아-크로의 보급과 그 운전으로 전력계통에 전압플리커 및 유효전력변동과 같은 전력품질상의 문제가 발생될 가능성이 높은 것으로 보고되고 있다. 이 문제를 해결할 수 있는 방법에는 대표적으로 무효전력보상방법이 있는데, 이것은 유효전력변동의 전력품질문제해결에는 한계가 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 이의 해결책으로서 X/R 비율에 근거한 유효전력보상 개념과 그 최적앨고리즘을 제안하여 이의 타당성을 모델링과 시뮬레이션을 통하여 검증하였다.

• 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2016

국립국어원의 주관으로 10년에 걸쳐 구축된 21세기 세종 계획의 결과물들은 한국어를 대상으로 한 대부분의 자연언어 처리 시스템 및 연구에 널리 이용되고 있다. 21세기 세종 계획의 결과물 중, 세종 전자사전은 한국어 어휘의 내재정보에 대한 체계적인 분석 정보를 담고 있어 세종 전자사전 내의 상세 정보를 이용하여 어의 중의성 해소(Word Sense Disambiguation) 규칙을 구축하는 데 이용할 수 있다. 하지만 한국어의 특성상 다양한 문형과 논항이 출현할 수 있으므로 문형과 논항에 대한 모든 정보를 담을 수 없는 단점이 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 세종 전자사전의 용언 하위범주화 정보와 한국어 어휘의미망(Korean Lexico-semantic Network)을 이용하여 구축한 어의 중의성 해소 규칙을 준지도 학습 방법을 이용하여 논항의 선택제약 정보를 확장 및 일반화한다.