• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of music intervention upon lighting on stress. Method : The participants 60 college students, were divided three groups. Two groups were apply each music and bright lighting(bright lighting groups) and music and dark lighting(dark lighting groups) during 13minutes at Snozelen and the other group was control group. Each groups were assessed stress resistance, activity of parasympathetic nerve, activity of sympathetic nerve, balance of ANS, physical arousal by EKG of CANS 3000, at before and after other each intervention. The analyses were performed using version of SPSS 17. Result : The change rate of bright lighting group was showed statistically significant decrease in stress resistance compared to control group. And the change rate of dark lighting group was showed statistically significant decrease in resistance stress, activity of parasympathetic nerve, and balance of ANS compared to control group and statistically significant increase in stress resistance and activity of parasympathetic nerve compared to bright lighting group. Conclusion : The results of this study indicate that music intervention on dark lighting is more effective on decrease of stress than application of bright lighting and general lighting.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.382-396
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• 1999

This study was attempted to prove the effect of emotional stability and vital signs applying music therapy program to the children admitted in the PICU. Data were collected from July to September, 1997. The subjects were 30 patients admitted in the PICU of 'S' University Hospital which were divided into two groups of experimental and control. Each group had 15 subjects. Method was nonequivalent control group pretest-postteset repeated design, observing vital signs and activity of subjects prior, during, and after the music intervention. The study tools were cassette tapes of 'Mother's music whose babies want to listen' and Space-lab patient monitor. Data were analyzed using the $SPSS/PC+;x^2$ test and t-test to analyze of the general characteristics ; paired t-test to prove hypotheses. Result were as follows; 1. Infants lower than seven months showed changing into stable vital signs from applying the music therapy, however infants from eight months to three-year old showed no change in vital signs. 2. Vital signs changed to stabilized condition in infants lower than seven months were heart rate and respiration rate. 3. The stability of vital signs during music therapy turned back to the previous state while terminating music therapy. 4. The effect of music therapy in the state of activity had on both infants group of lower than seven months and from eight months to three-year old, particularly more effective in the later group. I recommend follows on the base of above results ; 1. As above results shows, listening to music is effective on infants and toddler, intervention with music therapy appropriate to chidlren's age is hot recommended. 2. Comparative study with noise blocking effect and music therapy effect within the ICU environment be recommended. 3. The repeated study on when the exact time is and how many repeat the music therapy to show the above mentioned effect be recommended. 4. We recommend this music therapy to be done in the recovery room, isolating room, operating room as well as ICU.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2020

Mozart's music has been suggested to affect spatio-temporal reasoning of listeners, which has been called "Mozart effect". However, the effects of Mazart's music on human metabolism have not been known. We dissected Mozart's music into its compositional elements and studied their effects on metabolism of experimental animals. Mozart music significantly reduced cortisol level induced by stress. NMR metabolomic study revealed different urine metabolic profile according to the listening to Mozart's music. In addition, each element of music exhibited different metabolic profile. Functional MRI study also showed enhanced brain activity upon listening to Mozart's music. Taken together, Mozart's music seems to be related with brain activity, stress hormone and whole body metabolism.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.591-600
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• 2001

Purpose: This study was to observe the effects of music therapy on the cognitive function, behavior, and emotions of elderly dementia patients, and to seek musical mediation for them. This study was conducted with patients in the Dementia Sanitarium in C City from March 13 to April 17. Method: The design of research was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design and the subjects were 25 patients-15 of whom were in the experimental group with 10 in the control group. The music therapy consisted of favorite music listening in the morning, favorite music group singing activity after lunch, and relaxing music listening after dinner. The schedule was followed 6 days a week for 2 weeks for a total of thirty-six session. The effect of music therapy was measured by MMSE-K and the behavior and emotion measuring equipment which had been derived by the researcher. The verification of the effects is that the score of cognitive function, behavior, and emotions of the experimental and the control group which were measured after the therapy had been applied was analyzed by descriptive statistics and t - test using SPSS WIN program. Result: 1) The degree of cognitive function of the experimental group which was received the music therapy is $11.53{\pm}5.37$ which is a little higher than the control group which is $11.20{\pm}6.32$, but it is not significant statistically (t= .14, p= .887). The first hypothesis which had assumed the recepients would have had a higher cognitive function level than the other was rejected. 2) Behavior score of the experimental group that received the music therapy is $68.90{\pm}7.86$ which is higher than the control group which is $66.40{\pm}11.13$, but it is not significant statistically(t= .61, p= .548). The second hypothesis which had assumed the recepients would have had a higher behavior level than the other was rejected. 3) Emotions score of the experimental group that received the music therapy is $42.13{\pm}5.04$ which is higher than the control group which is $35.20{\pm}6.12$, and it is significant statistically(t=3..09, p= .009). The third hypothesis which assumed the recepients would have had a higher emotion level was supported. Conclusion: music therapy which is composed of listening to music and group singing activity is an effective strategy for improvement of the emotions of the dementia elderly. But, the effect of music therapy on the cognitive function and behavior of elderly dementia patients is not significant statistically.

• 인간행동과 음악연구
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.84-105
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• 2007

뇌성마비는 중추신경계의 손상으로 인하여 운동장애 뿐 아니라 지능장애, 언어장애, 경련, 감각장애, 지각장애, 그리고 정서장애와 같은 중복적인 장애를 수반하는 장애이다. 최근 의학의 발달로 인하여 미숙아들의 생존율이 높아지면서 경직형 뇌성마비의 출현율도 높아지고 있음이 보고되고 있다. 뇌성마비 유아들에게는 생후 1년 사이의 치료적 중재가 특별히 중요하며, 7세 이후의 치료효과는 거의 나타나지 않는다. 그러므로 뇌성마비를 대상으로 하는 조기 중재의 필요성이 증가하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 신체 운동 영역에 장애를 가진 사람들의 신체재활을 목적으로 접근하는 음악치료 영역인 신경학적 음악치료(NMT)의 기법들을 활용하여 경직형 뇌성마비 유아들의 운동발달을 위한 음악치료활동 프로그램을 구성하여 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 일반 유아들이 0~2세에 가장 기본적인 운동 기능들을 습득하는 단계인 초보운동단계의 주요 발달과제들을 바탕으로 하고, 여기에 경직형 뇌성마비 유아의 발달적 특성을 적용하여 프로그램을 구성하였다. 본 음악치료활동 프로그램은 크게 안정성, 이동성, 그리고 조작기능의 세 가지 하위 범주로 나누어 구성되었다. 이렇게 구성된 음악치료활동 프로그램은 임상 현장에서 경직형 뇌성마비 유아를 대상으로 치료를 진행하고 있는 음악치료사들을 통하여 시행된 후 활동에 대한 타당성과 적용의 효율성을 평가받았다. 경직형 뇌성마비 유아의 운동 발달을 위한 음악치료활동 프로그램의 개발은 치료활동의 개발, 전문가의 검증, 치료활동의 수정 및 보완 세 단계로 진행되었다. 치료활동의 개발을 위하여 문헌조사와 인터뷰를 시행하였고, 전문가의 검증은 실제 임상 현장에서 경직형 뇌성마비 유아 혹은 아동을 대상으로 음악치료를 시행하고 있는 음악치료사 6명을 통하여 이루어졌다. 전문가들을 통한 음악치료활동 프로그램 검증에서는 활동의 내용상 타당도 및 실제 현장에서의 활용도를 살펴보았고, 이를 위하여 설문지를 사용하였다. 전문가들의 평가를 바탕으로 치료활동의 수정 및 보완작업이 진행되었으며 수정 및 보완의 결과에 대해서는 검증집단을 통하여 재확인과정을 거쳤다. 음악치료활동 프로그램의 평가 결과는 각 평가 항목별로 평가 값의 평균과 표준편차로 제시하였고, 활동별로 전문가들의 조언과 함께 수정 보완한 내용을 함께 제시하였다. 전문가들의 조언을 바탕으로 수정 및 보완된 음악치료활동 프로그램은 부록으로 첨부하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 초보운동단계에서의 발달과제인 안정성, 이동성, 조작기능을 바탕으로 경직형 뇌성마비 유아의 운동 발달 특성을 적용한 음악치료활동 프로그램은 총 38개의 활동으로 구성되었다. 안정성 발달을 위한 음악치료활동이 14개, 이동성 발달을 위한 음악치료활동이 10개, 그리고 조작기능 발달을 위한 음악치료활동이 14개이다. 전체 음악치료활동 프로그램은 운동발달단계 적합성, 목표-내용 일치도, 적용 대상 적합성, 음악의 적절성, 악기사용의 적절성, 그리고 실제 활용의 유용성이라는 여섯 가지 평가에서 긍정적인 평가를 받았다. 이것은 본 연구의 결과가 경직형 뇌성마비 유아의 조기 중재 필요성이 증가하고 있으나 발달 단계별 음악치료활동 프로그램이 부족한 국내의 현실적 요구에 맞게 유용하게 활용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 인간행동과 음악연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.95-118
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• 2018

최근 근거중심의 연구와 실제가 강조되면서 중재 연구들이 보다 엄격한 논거를 토대로 수행되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내 리듬 과제를 사용한 중재 연구의 특성과 치료 목표별 리듬 과제를 고찰한 후 중재 구성 및 논거를 분석하였다. 선정 기준에 부합한 총 41편의 논문을 대상으로 7개의 중재 항목 및 논거 제시 수준을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 중재제공자 전문성과 중재 구성틀, 중재 기간, 중재 형태, 중재 절차, 활동 및 음악에 대한 논거 제시 수준이 전반적으로 낮았다. 총 7개 중재 관련 항목 중 4개 이상 항목에 논거를 제시한 연구는 10편이었으며 이들을 대상으로 논거에 대한 추가 분석을 수행하였다. 10편 모두 중재제공자, 중재 구성틀, 활동 논거 및 음악 논거를 제시하였으나 중재 유형(개별 또는 집단)과 구성된 중재 기간에 대한 논거는 동일한 수준으로 제시되지 않았다. 또한 리듬 중재 유형에 따른 논거 수준을 살펴본 결과, 기존의 프로토콜을 활용한 4편의 연구는 활동 논거와 음악 논거가 명료하게 제시된 반면 연구자가 구성한 중재를 활용한 6편의 연구는 음악 논거보다는 활동 논거를 중점적으로 제시하였다. 본 연구 결과는 음악치료가 근거 중심의 학문으로 발전하기 위해서는 연구자들이 중재 항목의 타당성과 중재 구성에 대한 논거를 더욱 충실히 제시할 필요가 있음을 보여준다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.43-57
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• 2011

Chronic mental-handicapped people are lacking in non-verbal expression such as eye contact, intonation, voice volume, facial expression, and gesture as well as the contents of speech, speak with a monotonous voice, fail to be vivid and clear in voice, and have absence of expression, thereby bringing about difficulty even for social adjustment and about low self-esteem. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to examine effectiveness for enhancing self-expression and self-esteem by applying music therapy to the chronic mental-handicapped. The subjects were the chronic mental-handicapped who receive rehabilitation service at the community rehabilitation center, and who have over 10 years in the duration of disease. 1he music therapy activity was progressed with totally 14 sessions during 7 weeks with twice a week. This study confirmed t-test that is verification of difference in the mean, in order to examine difference between before and after music therapy in self-expression and self-esteem of the chronic mental-handicapped, and researched into qualitative case. The findings are as follows. First, as a result of score in self-expression scale, the significant improvement was shown after music therapy compared to before music therapy. The significant difference was indicated in verbal self-expression, phonetic self-expression, and non-verbal self-expression, which are its sub-spheres. Thus, the conclusion was obtained as saying that music therapy is effective for enhancing self-expression. Second, as a result of score in self-esteem scale, the significant difference was shown after music therapy compared to before music therapy. Thus, the conclusion was obtained as saying that music therapy is effective for enhancing self-esteem. Through the above results, the music therapy showed effectiveness of self-expression ability and self-esteem in the chronic mental-handicapped at the community rehabilitation center, thereby having been confirmed to be possibly utilized as rehabilitation program for the social skill ability and the social adjustment of the chronic mental-handicapped.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.260-266
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of meditation music with lumbar stabilization exercise on balance, concentration and muscle activation. Participants are divided into Group A and Group B. Group A listened to meditation music while doing 4 sets of lumbar stabilization exercise. Group B did not listen to meditation music while doing 4 sets of lumbar stabilization exercise. Surface EMG data was obtained rectus abdominis, external oblique, erector spinae, multifidus muscle during lumbar stabilization exercise. To examine the effect of before-after experiment for concentration and balance, paired t-test was adopted. Changes in EMG data of each muscles were analyzed by independence t-test. There were statistically significant increasing at concentration level and balance level in Group A. But significant difference was not shown in muscle activation. The clinical effect of the meditation music with lumbar stabilization exercise was investigated in this study with more excellent results in concentration and balance. In conclusion, these results suggest that meditation music and lumbar stabilization exercise may be useful in elderly people.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2008

This study of a music therapy program for the 18 subjects residing in Jeollanam-do province was conducted two times per week during 4 months totalling 17 times in order to evaluate the reduction of the characteristics of patients suffering from stress disorder patients such as depression, and anxiety, Though the experiment for non-symmetric level the concentration and appearance of Alpha wave were determine to be stable but the findings from non-symmetric level according to the left-right brain activity were not significant for T-test, though its effective intermission of music therapy due to variation of the mean values was demonstrated, and the variation of the Alpha wave appearance rate was also significant for the statistics of the T-test for the effectiveness of the music therapy. And for the reduction of depression, emotion, and state-trait anxiety between groups divided into the control group and the experiment, pre-measurement and post-measurement comparisons through psychological tess, validated the effectiveness of music therapy for Posttraumatic stress disorder patients. First of all, this study was conducted in the situation of scarce study cases and program developments for the efficacy of music therapy for the patients suffering from Posttraumatic stress disorders without precedent studies of scientific identification through brain wave measurement. Because this study is insightful in the context of validating the efficacy of musical treatment, we expect that these kinds of studises will be continued.

• 인간행동과 음악연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2005

This study was purported to examine the definition of tone deafness, various factors for the cause based on literature review of research findings, and to examine therapeutic application of music for treatment of tone deafness. With research, it was found that there can be three different kinds of tone deafness; amusia, agnosia, and asonia. Literature review showed that tone deafness has been frequently dealt in many research in order to verify the causal factors, such as gender, age, and environments. With time, the research trend on tone deafness has shifted towards neurological approach closely examining brain activity, presenting the statement that the brain's capacity to perceive modest pitch changes may be congenitally impaired. Also physiological factors contribute to tone deafness called diplacusis, which is a phenomenon wherein a given tone is heard as different pitches by the two ears, resulting in conflicting bilateral perception of pitch. Music can be used for treatment of various factors causing tone deafness. The most efficient intervention was singing program. Pitch-matching training can be effective training using operant conditioning procedure. Successive approximation or reinforcement of correct response alone was more efficient procedure in helping uncertain singers to sing on pitch. Also progressive breathing exercises helped the training the pitch-matching where one had to coordinate hearing and voice.