• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.224-230
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• 1978

Heat resistant putrefactive microorganisms causing spoilage of canned and processed foods were surveyed in the compost on mushroom growing bed, casing soil, raw mushrooms and canned products before sterilization at canneries located at 8 places including Buyo in Chung-Cheung-Do and monitored the total count and spore formers from the sample taken. The 9 strains of most severe heat resistant among the selected 140 spore formers were selected and determined D and Z value by TDT method. The most strong heat resistant strain was No. F-10, facultative thermophile, which was isolated from raw mushroom in Buyo area and it's Z value was $21.1^{\circ}F$ (M/15 phosphate buffer solution) and $D^{250}$ was 6.6 min.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.318-326
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• 2016

Two phosphate solubilizing bacteria, Pantoea rodasii PSB-11and Enterobacter aerogenes PSB-12, were isolated from button mushroom compost and employed to assess their synergistic effect in liquid medium and on growth of green gram plants by single and co-inoculation of the strains. Co-inoculation of two strains was found to release the highest content of soluble phosphorus ($521{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$) into the medium, followed by single inoculation of Pantoea strain ($485{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$) and Enterobacter strain ($470{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$). However, there was no significant difference between single inoculation of bacterial strain and co-inoculation of two bacterial strains in terms of phosphorous release. The highest pH reduction, organic acid production and glucose consumption was observed in the E. aerogenes PSB-12 single inoculated culture medium rather than those of co-inoculation. According to the plant growth promotion bioassay, co-inoculated mung bean seedlings recorded 10.6% and 10.7% higher shoot and root growth respectively compared to the control. Therefore, in concluding, co-inoculation of the strains P. rodasii and E. aerogenes displayed better performance in stimulating plant growth than inoculation of each strain alone. However, being short assessment period of the present study, we recommend in engaging further works under field conditions in order to test the suitability of the strains to be used as bio-inoculants.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.293-298
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• 1996

Thirteen subspecies of Bacillus thuringiensis including B. t. israelensis, B. t. morrisoni PG-14 and B.t. darmstadoemsos known to be toxic to dipteran insects were treated on the mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) compost to estimate the biological control effect of a sciarid fly, Lycoriella sp. According to the results, it was found that there were no significant effects of the tested strains of B, thuringiensis on the control of Lycoriella sp. For further confirmation, larval gut juice of Lycoriella sp. and trypsin were respectively treated into the parasporal crystal proteins of three subspecies of B. t. israelensis, B. t. morrisoni PG-14, and B. t. darmstadiensis. The proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE. According to the results, the major parasporal crystal proteins were respectively produced by B. t. morrisoni as the amount of 52 kd, B. y. israelensis as 37kd and B. t. darmstadiensis as 39kd, but the activity of these proteins could not be unfortunately confirmed in this study.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.667-676
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• 2007

This study was conducted to determine effects of cellulolytic microbes inoculation to sawdust-based spent mushroom substrate(SMS) during deepstacking on fermentation parameters, total microbial counts and cellulolytic enzyme activity and to on SMS nutrients utilization by sheep. For sheep metabolism trials, six sheep(ram, average 54.8kg) were fed a Control diet(70% concentrates, 15% rice straw and 15% SMS with no microbial treatment on a dry basis) and a Treatment diet(the same diet including SMS with a microbial treatment) for 2 trials. Spent mushroom substrates with or without a microbial(4 strains including 1 strain of Enterobacter ludwigii, 1 strain of Bacillus cereus and 2 strains of Bacillus subtillis) treatment (1% of SMS on wet basis) were deepstacked for 7 days. The internal temperatures in 1.2 M/T of SMS deepstacks reached to 50±5℃ within 7 days of storage. Total microbial counts remarkably decreased (P<0.05) with a deepstacking process and were not affected(P>0.05) by the microbial treatment. For fibrolytic enzyme activity, CMCase and xylanase activities were decreased(P<0.05) by a deepstacking process. After deepstacking, the microbial treatment showed about 2.5-times higher(P<0.05) for CMCase activity and about 4-times higher(P<0.05) for xylanase activity than those of the Control. Activities of ligninolytic enzymes such as laccase and MnP were not affected by the microbial treatment. The sheep fed the microbially treated SMS diet had a tendency of greater total tract digestibilities of ash(P=0.051), NFE (P=0.071), hemicellulose(P=0.087) and NDF(P=0.096) than those fed the untreated SMS diet. Nitrogen balance of sheep was not affected(P>0.05) by feeding of microbially treated SMS. Accordingly, these results indicate that cellulolytic microbes inoculation during deepstacking of SMS may improve the bio- utilization of SMS by sheep.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 1981

Mycelial growth and fruit body formation of Diehlomyces microsporus were best on mushroom spawn extract medium and rice bran extract medium, respectively. L-asparagine, fructose and glucose were good nutrient sources for mycelial growth. Optimum temperature for mycelial growth ranged at $25{\sim}28^{\circ}C$. Maximum mycelial growth occurred at pH 5.5 while optimum pH for ascospore germination was 6.0. Mycelial mats of D. microsporus did not survive at $60^{\circ}C$ for 60 minutes while ascospores at $80^{\circ}C$ for 120 minutes. Damages of fruit body of Agaricus bisporus caused by D. microsporus were maximum when the fruit bodies were infected at spawning and casing on the compost. The truffle disease could be controlled by basamid with $100{\sim}150 ppm$ treating on the compost after filling.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.212-217
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• 2013

Unusual mushrooms were observed in the greenhouses of vegetables Chinese chive, cucumber, melon and Korean dandelion in four locations of Korea in 2012. The mushrooms usually grew with the vegetables cultivated on beds in the greenhouses. Occurrence aspects of the mushrooms in the greenhouses and effect of the mushrooms on growth and quality of the vegetables were investigated. Mushroom samples were collected from the beds in the greenhouses and identified based on their morphological characteristics. The mushroom samples collected from the greenhouse of Chinese chive were identified as Coprinus aokii, those from the greenhouse of cucumber as Cristinia eichleri and Coprinus sp., those from the greenhouse of melon as Leucocoprinus cretaceous, Panaeolus fimicola and Conocybe sp., and those from the greenhouse of Korean dandelion as Conocybe rickenii f. tetrasporique. Out of the seven mushrooms identified, L. cretaceus, C. rickenii and C. eichleri were first found in Korea. The investigation results revealed that the mushrooms were originated from compost or soil used in the beds, and showed that C. aokii caused sooty mold on leaves of Chinese chive, and C. rickenii f. tetrasporique hindered growth of Korean dandelion and caused sooty mold on leaves of the plant. The other mushrooms had no effect on growth and quality of the vegetables.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.76-80
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• 2007

After bottle culture of Pleurotus eryngii, media were taken out the bottle and normally utilized compost. However, nutritional elements were remained in the waste media. This study was carried out to investigate the reusable possibility and the optimal additive rate of waste media in an artificial cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii. The pH had tendency to decrease as the waste media was added from 6.0 to 4.8. Based on the additive rate of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%, each treatment waste media was added to new media for culturing Pleurotus eryngii. Among various treatments, the mycelial growth and primordia formation of Pleurotus eryngii were more favorable in the addition of 10-30% waste median than in the addition of 40 and 50%. The yield of its fruiting body was increased slightly in the treatment of 10-30% waste media.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.1 s.88
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• pp.10-14
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• 1999

A single phase composter was constructed by modifying the conventional mixer of sawdust for the cultivation of oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus. The machine was designed on the basis of 3-phase-1 system which was controlled in prewetting, pasteurization and fermentation processes. In composting 200 kg of straw and cotton waste in the machine, it took 20 minutes in prewetting step and also to hours at $65^{\circ}C$ in pasteurization process. Postfermentation by aerothermophiles was completed by treating the compost at $45^{\circ}C-50^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours which was shorten 24 hours from the conventional method. In the postfermentation at high temperature, forced aeration and/or vigorous mixing process(es) played a great role in the improvement of spawn quality. The growth of mycelium of oyster mushroom was excellent in the culture combinated with 3 parts of surface inoculation and 7 parts of mechanical mixing.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.141-145
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• 1981

Germination of the single-basidiospore of Agaricus bisporus, mycelial characteristics of the single spore culture and its fruit body formation were studied. Germination of the single basidiospore was the best on water agar. Of 6372 spores isolated, 1622 spore were germinated and the germination rate was 26 percent. Cultures from single basidiospores showed two distinct mycelial types on the compost extract sucrose agar: one was the strandy type and the other was the fluffy. The strandy type culture produced more sporophores than the fluffy. Of 778 strandy isolates screened, nine cultures yielded 5 percent higher than the origine. No. 1567 and 1708 were selected for the commercial cultivation.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.147-151
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• 2002

Trichoderma spp. are the aggressive causal agents for green mold disease on oyster mushroom (Pleurotus spp.) cultivation. Antifungal bacteria (KATB 99121, KATB 99122 and KATB 99123 strains) were isolated from the compost for Pleurotus ostreatus. Among these bacterial strains, KATB 99121 strain showed an excellent inhibitory activity to the pathogens for green molds such as T. harzianum, T. viride and T. hamatum and an animal pathogen, Candida albicans, but did not affect on the culture of Pleurotus ostreatus (2209, Chunchu 2 and Wonhyung strains). KATB 99121 strain secreted amylolytic, proteolytic and cellulolytic exoenzymes. KATB 99122 and KATB 99123 strains excreted amylolytic, proteolytic, cellulolytic, lipolytic exoenzymes and showed ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity. Further studies will be conducted on the development of microbial fungicides using the antagonistic bacteria for the control of green mold disease on Pleurotus spp.