• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.61-69
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate correlations between physical fitness, antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPX), lipid peroxidation levels (MDA), lipid profiles, lactate levels and cardiovascular variables in an exercising group and a control group. Methods: Twelve healthy young males (Exercise group: 6, Controls: 6). All subjects took physical fitness tests and blood samples were collected while subjects were resting. Results: In the exercise group, there were several significant correlations: between back strength and SOD enzyme levels (r=0.82, p=0.04), back strength and MDA (r=0.94, p=0.00), agility and GPX (r=0.81, p=0.04), and balance and GPX (r=0.81, p=0.04). In the control group, there were significant correlations between: dominant grip strength and MDA (r=-0.84, p=0.03), and agility and GPX (r= -0.82, p=0.04). In the exercise group, there were no significant correlations between physical fitness factors, TC, TG, HDL-C and lactate levels. In the control group, there were significant correlations between: back strength and TG (r=0.88, p=0.01), and agility and HDL-C (r= -0.84, p=0.03). In the exercise group, there were significant correlations between: non-dominant grip strength and SBP (r=0.94, p=0.00), dominant grip strength and SBP (r=0.85, p=0.03), and power and SBP (r=0.82, p=0.04). In controls, there were significant correlations between: dominant grip strength and DBP (r=-0.85, p=0.03), muscular endurance and ST level (r=-0.93, p=0.00), and muscular endurance and HR (r=-0.88, p=0.01). Conclusion: That cardiovascular patients and controls who participated in regular exercise maintained their antioxidant capacity suggests that long-term physical activity can counteract the negative dysfunction that characterizes sedentary lifestyle, probably by maintaining plasma antioxidant defenses and thereby preventing oxidative stress.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.353-361
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• 2015

Objective : The aim of this study was to develop the non-powered horse riding device and was to evaluate the elaborate its applicability throughout static structural and transient structural analysis of the outdoor core strength exercise equipment. Method : Fifteen college students (mass: $69.55{\pm}13.38kg$, height: $1.69{\pm}5.61m$, age: $21.42{\pm}1.83yrs$) rode the powered horse riding device and 14 college students (mass: $71.12{\pm}9.74kg$, height: $1.73{\pm}3.31m$, age: $22.50{\pm}1.47yrs$) rode the non-powered horse riding device for the comparison. All motion capture data was collected at 100 Hz using six infrared cameras and the muscular activities were collected using a Delsys Trigno wireless system. The peak forward/backward lean angle, range of motion anter/posterior and vertical COM(Center of mass) movement of trunk and pelvis segment, and muscle activities of six muscles were compared between the two devices by using independent t-test (p<.05). Results : Several kinematic variables (peak forward-backward lean angle and vertical COM movement of trunk and pelvis segment, range of motion of trunk) significantly different between non-powered and powered horse riding device. The muscle activities of Rectus abdominis and External oblique of abdomen on the non-powered horse riding device were significantly greater than those of the powered device. Conclusion : It was concluded that non-power horse riding device could give the effect of core strength exercise as well as the body motion which can simulate the powered horse riding device.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2001

The prosthodontic treatment of severely resorbed edentulous patients has been one of the frustrating areas due to extensive loss of tissues. The integrated neuromuscular balance among tongue, lip, and cheek is compromised. The retention, stability, and support are the three major factors to influence the clinical outcome. Fish described a denture as having three surface, with each surface playing an independent and important role in the over all fit, stability, and comfort of the denture. He recommended that the polished surface should be a series of inclines so that pressure from muscular activity will retain dentures. Within the denture space there is an area that has been termed the neutral zone. The neutral zone is that area in the mouth where, during function, the forces of the tongue pressing outward are neutralized by the forces of the cheeks and lips pressing inward. According to Jacobson and Krol, neuromuscular control interacts to provide retention and the relationship of polished surface of denture base to the surrounding muscular structure of orofacial capsule facilitates the stability and retention. This neutral zone concept has been demonstrated with various modification by a number of authors. The theory used to develop the denture base contours is based on the belief that the muscle should functionally mold not only the border but the entire polished surface. Lott and Walsh reported the clinical success on complete mandibular dentures with application of neutral zone concept. A number of studies demonstrated that denture stability and retention are more dependent on correct position of the teeth and correct contour of external surfaces of the denture in a severely resorbed alveolar ridge. This article presents a prosthodontic approach to treatment of a edentulous patient using neutral zone technique to improve the retention and stability of the prosthesis.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of shoulder exercise program for improving forward head posture. Method : Subjects were divided into two groups. The experimental group(15 people) participated in strength exercise and stretching exercise, three times every week, during 4 weeks. And the control group(the other 15 people) didn't participate in exercises. Exercise program was composed of strength exercise of middle and lower trapezius and stretching exercise of levator scapulae and upper trapezius. And then we measured cervical alignment with GPS and muscular activity by EMG. Result : The results of this study were as follows; 1. After the intervention, experimental group was significantly decreased in cervical alignment than control group(p<.05). 2. After the intervention, experimental group was significantly increased in middle lower trapezius musclar activity than control group(p<.05). Conclusion : Strength exercise of middle and lower trapezius and stretching exercise of levator scapulae and upper trapezius were considered a efficient for improving forward head posture.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to review of mechanism and application methodology about mental practice. The mental practice is symbolic rehearsal of physical activity in the absence of any gross muscular movements. Human have the ability to generate mental correlates of perceptual and motor events without any triggering external stimulus, a function known as imagery, Practice produces both internal and external sensory consequences which are thought to be essential for learning to occur, It is for this reason that mental practice, rehearsal of skill in imagination rather than by overt physical activity, has intrigued theorists, especially those interested in cognitive process. Several studies in sport psychology have shown that mental practice can be effective in optimizing the execution of movements in athletes and help novice learner in the incremental acquisition of new skilled behaviors. There are many theories of mental practice for explaining the positive effect In skill learning and performance. Most tenable theories are symbolic learning theory, psyconeuromuscular theory, Paivio's theory, regional cerebral blood flow theory, motivation theory, modeling theory, mental and muscle movement nodes theory, insight theory, selective attention theory, and attention-arousal set theory etc.. The factors for influencing to effects of mental practice are application form, application period, time for length of the mental practice, number of repetition, existence of physical practice.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.195-202
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• 2016

Purpose: This study investigates the influence of applying proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) leg patterns on the activation of three types of mesogluteal fibers at the opposite side. Methods: The target subjects of this study were 19 healthy men who voluntarily agreed to participate in the program. For all subjects, the following four PNF leg patterns were applied while they were in a standing position, and then, the activation of the gluteus medius at the opposite side was measured: (1) flexion abduction internal rotation pattern, (2) flexion adduction external rotation pattern, (3) extension abduction internal rotation pattern, and (4) extension adduction external rotation pattern. In each position, a pattern was executed three times in 5 s, and the average of each measurement was used for the statistics. Results: Among the PNF leg patterns, the activation of the mesogluteal fibers at the opposite side was most significant under the application of the extension abduction internal rotation pattern. The activation of the back muscular fiber was significantly high under the application of the flexion abduction internal rotation pattern. Conclusion: Selective application of PNF leg patterns can improve the functional activity of each mesogluteal fiber.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 2018

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of increased brain activity on the muscle endurance and the effect of brain activation through the combination of transcranial direct current stimulation and aerobic exercise on elderly woman. Methods : To investigate the effect of the muscle endurance on right leg, muscle endurance was evaluated by measuring the surface EMG of the muscles of the rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius muscle. Results : There was a significant difference in the pre and post comparisons of muscle endurance on rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior muscle (p<.05). Difference of Combination of transcranial direct current stimulation and aerobic exercise group median frequency was smaller than control group (p<.05). There was not a significant difference in the pre and post comparisons of muscle endurance on biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius muscle. Difference of Combination of transcranial direct current stimulation and aerobic exercise group median frequency was showed a similar pattern. Conclusion : Through these results, It was found that increasing the brain activity by the transcranial direct current stimulation improves the exercise capacity on the elderly women. Combination of transcranial direct current stimulation and aerobic exercise maybe applied as an effective treatment for improving muscular endurance.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.263-272
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• 1980

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to investigate the patterns of LDH and MDH isozymes in the embryo and adult of amphibia; Rana nigromaculata, Rana plancyi chosenica and Hynobius leechii. Rana nigromaculata is considered to be heterozygous for the gene specifying the "B" subunit of LDH, and Hynobius leechii to be heterozygous for the gene specifying the "A" subunit of LDH. The LDH isozyme paatern of embryos of the above three species is characterized by a gradual increase in the activity of LDH-5 (muscular form)during development. Two or three molecular forms of MDH is present steadily from early embryos and in adult. Of the MDH isozymes, the more cathodic one (MDH-m) appears weakly in early developing stages, but increases slowly in the activity as the embryo develops.the embryo develops.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.19-32
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to provide the reader with a pertinent information and research trends of biomechanics in wheelchair propulsion. Biomechanical studies for wheelchair propulsion mainly focus on the most suitable propulsion performance and methods for preventing upper extremity injuries. Recent issues have concentrated on wheelchair propulsion style and cycle mainly because of the high prevalence of repetitive strain injuries in the upper extremely such as shoulder impingement and carpel tunnel syndrome. Optimizing wheelchair propulsion performances as well as medical reflections are presented throughout the review. Information on the underlying musculoskeletal mechanisms of wheelchair propulsion has been introduced through a combination of data collection under experimental conditions and a more fundamental mathematical modelling approach. Through a synchronized analysis of the movement pattern and muscular activity pattern, insight has been gained in the wheelchair propulsion dynamics of people with a different level of disability (various level of physical activity and functional potential). Through mathematical modelling simulation, and optimization (minimizing injury and maximizing performance), underlying musculoskeletal mechanisms during Wheelchair propulsion is investigated.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.33-41
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• 2008

The goal of this study was to compare wrist posture, muscular loads and perceived comfort among wearable wrist rest (WR), general wrist rest(GR), no wrist rest(NR) during keyboard and mouse use. Thirteen subjects performed text editing task in three test conditions: wearable wrist rest(WR), general wrist rest(GR), no wrist rest(NR). During text editing task, the right wrist posture was recorded by an electrogoniometer and the muscle activity in upper trapezius, anterior deltoid, extensor digitorum, extensor carpi ulnaris were recorded by electromyography. After all of the tests, the subjects rated perceived comfort. Working with wearable wrist rest(WR), compared to no wrist rest(NR) and general wrist rest(GR), decreased wrist radial/ulnar deviation and also decreased muscle activity in upper trapezius and anterior deltoid. At the same time, in work with wearable wrist rest(WR), the subjects rated more comfort at 5 of 8 body locations(shoulder, upper arm, wrist, hand, body).