• BMB Reports
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.158-163
• /
• 2010

Calumenin is a multiple EF-hand $Ca^{2+}$-binding protein located in the endo/sarcoplasmic reticulum of mammalian hearts. Calumenin belongs to the CREC family of $Ca^{2+}$-binding proteins having multiple EF-hands. $Ca^{2+}$ homeostasis in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of mammalian hearts is maintained by RyR2, SERCA2 and other associated SR resident proteins. Evidence suggests that calumenin interacts with RyR2 and SERCA2, and therefore changes in the expression of calumenin could alter $Ca^{2+}$ cycling in mouse heart. In this review, current knowledge of the biochemical and functional roles of calumenin in mouse heart is described.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.251-257
• /
• 2013

Inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and rosacea were complicated by barrier abrogation and deficiency in innate immunity. The first defender of epidermal innate immune response is the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that exhibit a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against multiple pathogens, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The deficiency of these AMPs in the skin of AD fails to protect our body against virulent pathogen infections. In contrast to AD where there is a suppression of AMPs, rosacea is characterized by overexpression of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP), the products of which result in chronic epidermal inflammation. In this regard, AMP generation that is controlled by a key ceramide metabolite S1P-dependent mechanism could be considered as alternate therapeutic approaches to treat these skin disorders, i.e., Increased S1P levels strongly stimulated the CAMP expression which elevated the antimicrobial activity against multiple pathogens resulting the improved AD patient skin.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.240-245
• /
• 2010

Jacket matrices, motivated by the complex Hadamard matrix, have played important roles in signal processing, communications, image compression, cryptography, etc. In this paper, we suggest a novel approach to design a simple class of space-time block codes (STBCs) to reduce its peak-to-average power ratio. The proposed code provides coding gain due to the characteristics of the complex Hadamard matrix, which is a special case of Jacket matrices. Also, it can achieve full rate and full diversity with the simple decoding. Simulations show the good performance of the proposed codes in terms of symbol error rate. For generality, a kind of quasi-orthogonal STBC may be similarly designed with the improved performance.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
• /
• v.38
• /
• pp.65-87
• /
• 2015

This study has examined, first of all, one of unique characteristics of picturebook, so-called dual audience. To be more exact, this paper aimed at exploring the flexibility of picturebooks that allows both of children and adult reader to enjoy them. For this, we analysed Piggybook by Anthony Browne that so far has been read as a traditional picturebook with a single distinctive narrative rather than as a postmodern picturebook with multiple narratives, centering on paradox and irony. The results of this study were as fallows: Piggybook has the potential of multiple readings and meanings for a variety of audiences. Above all, this picturebook raises not only the question about the gender roles but also the one about representation of reality through the language.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.171-180
• /
• 2021

Caffeine, a methylxanthine analog of purine bases, is a compound that is largely consumed in beverages and medications for psychoactive and diuretic effects and plays many beneficial roles in neuronal stimulation and enhancement of anti-tumor immune responses by blocking adenosine receptors in higher organisms. In single-cell eukaryotes, however, caffeine somehow impairs cellular fitness by compromising cell wall integrity, inhibiting target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling and growth, and overriding cell cycle arrest caused by DNA damage. Among its multiple inhibitory targets, caffeine specifically interacts with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-related kinases causing radiosensitization and cytotoxicity via specialized intermediate molecules. Caffeine potentiates the lethality of cells in conjunction with several other stressors such as oxidants, irradiation, and various toxic compounds through largely unknown mechanisms. In this review, recent findings on caffeine effects and cellular detoxification schemes are highlighted and discussed with an emphasis on the inhibitory interactions between caffeine and its multiple targets in eukaryotic microorganisms such as budding and fission yeasts.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.54 no.8
• /
• pp.393-402
• /
• 2021

In animals, proper locomotion is crucial to find mates and foods and avoid predators or dangers. Multiple sensory systems detect external and internal cues and integrate them to modulate motor outputs. Proprioception is the internal sense of body position, and proprioceptive control of locomotion is essential to generate and maintain precise patterns of movement or gaits. This proprioceptive feedback system is conserved in many animal species and is mediated by stretch-sensitive receptors called proprioceptors. Recent studies have identified multiple proprioceptive neurons and proprioceptors and their roles in the locomotion of various model organisms. In this review we describe molecular and neuronal mechanisms underlying proprioceptive feedback systems in C. elegans, Drosophila, and mice.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.434-441
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify perception of recovery, self-esteem, role performance, job satisfaction and factors influencing job satisfaction of psychiatric mental heath nurses. Methods: Data were collected from 161 psychiatric nurses from G city & J province who understood the purpose of the study and agreed to participate. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression with SPSS 18.0. Results: There were significant differences in job satisfaction between upper 25% and lower 25% group for perception of recovery, self-esteem, and role performance. Results from the multiple regression analysis revealed difference in the related factors and in the magnitude of the relationship evaluated by standardized beta coefficients. Significant factors, listed by the magnitude of beta coefficients, were role performance, self esteem, roles and responsibilities in recovery, expectations regarding recovery in perception of recovery. These variables accounted for 16% of job satisfaction. Conclusion: Results indicate that to improve psychiatric nurses' job satisfaction, there is a need to develop programs including personal qualities and perception of recovery. Further research is necessary in order to establish consensus on roles of the related factors of job satisfaction.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.147-155
• /
• 2004

Objectives: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most common head and neck malignant tumor. The molecular genetic changes involving both oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are known to be involved in head and neck squamous cell carcinogenesis, but the roles of the known tumor suppressor genes in carcinogenesis are not fully elucidated. The objectives of this study are to demonstrate the genetic alterations including the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) , amplification, and microsatellite instability of known tumor suppressor genes in HNSCC and to evaluate the relationship between genetic alterations of tumor suppressor genes and clinicopathologic features. Materials and Methods: Genetic alterations of 10 micro satellite markers of the 6 known tumor suppressor genes (APC, EXT1, DPC4, p16, FHIT, and PTEN) were analysed by DNA-PCR in paraffin-embedded histologically confirmed HNSCC specimens. Results: The genetic alterations of tumor suppressor genes were found frequently. Among the genetic alterations, LOH was most frequently found one. LOH was found frequently in APC (45.4%), EXT1 (36.4%), DPC4 (54.5%), and p16 (50%), but not found in FHIT. Also, the author found that abnormalities of APC gene was related to cervical lymph node metastasis and recurrence and that abnormalities of EXT1 gene were coexisted with those of APC gene or DPC4 gene. But these coexistences had no correlation with clinical features. Conclusion: These results suggested that APC, EXT1, p16, and DPC4 genes might play important roles and multiple tumor suppressor genes may participate dependently or independently in the carcinogenesis of HNSCC. These results also suggested that APC gene might relate to prognosis.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.157-164
• /
• 2013

Chromatin remodelers that include histone methyl transferases (HMTases) are becoming a focal point in cancer drug development. The NSD family of three HMTases, NSD1, NSD2/MMSET/WHSC1, and NSD3/WHSC1L are bona fide oncogenes found aberrantly expressed in several cancers, suggesting their potential role for novel therapeutic strategies. Several histone modifiers including HMTase have clear roles in human carcinogenesis but the extent of their functions and regulations are not well understood, especially in pathological conditions. The extents of the NSDs biological roles in normal and pathological conditions remain unclear. In particular, the substrate specificity of the NSDs remains unsettled and discrepant data has been reported. NSD2/MMSET is a focal point for therapeutic interventions against multiple myeloma and especially for t(4;14) myeloma, which is associated with a significantly worse prognosis than other biological subgroups. Multiple myeloma is the second most common hematological malignancy in the United States, after non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Herein, as a first step before entering a pipeline for protein x-ray crystallography, we cloned, recombinantly expressed and purified the catalytic SET domain of NSD2. Next, we demonstrated the catalytic activities, in vitro, of the recombinantly expressed NSD2-SET on H3K36 and H4K20, its biological targets at the chromatin.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.35-55
• /
• 2019

Objective: In this study, I explored the difficulties and rewards of the experience of married middle-aged five women with jobs through narrative inquiry. The graduate course work of married women with jobs is accompanied by more difficulties due to the multiple roles of wife, mother, worker, and student. Methods: Data from this study were collected through in-depth interviews. It took 15 weeks from September 1, 2017 to December 20, 2017. Six in - depth interviews were conducted for each of the five participants, and 60 to 120 minutes were required for one meeting. Results: The researchers gathered stories of married middle-aged women who had undergone doctoral studies and divided them into three categories: 'motivation for entry, difficulty during doctoral study, and rewarding during doctoral study'. Conclusion/Implications: This is expected to be a concrete resource for supporting married middle-aged women in doctoral programs.