• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to conduct a descriptive survey to examine the knowledge, infection prevention behaviors, and health beliefs regarding COVID-19 and to identify factors that influence infection prevention behaviors in elementary and middle school students based on the Health Belief Model. Methods: The study included 388 elementary and middle school students in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Jeonbuk provinces. Data were collected from September 1 to September 15, 2023. The questionnaire consisted of 10 questions about COVID-19 knowledge, 13 questions about infection prevention behaviors, and 15 questions about health beliefs. The collected data were subjected to multiple hierarchical regression analyses. The cronbach's α of infection prevention behaviors was 0.83, the KR-20 of COVID-19 related knowledge was 0.68, and the Cronbach's α of COVID-19 related health beliefs was 0. 78. Results: In Model 1, females showed higher levels of infection prevention behaviors than males (β=.14, p=.006) and middle school students showed lower levels of infection prevention behaviors than elementary school students (β=-.10, p=.037). In Model 2, among COVID-19-related health beliefs, barriers had a significant negative effect on infection prevention behaviors (β=-.20, p<.001) and cues to action had a significant positive effect on infection prevention behaviors (β=.14, p=.037), indicating that lower barriers and higher cues to action were associated with higher levels of infection prevention behaviors. Conclusion: The results showed that prevention behaviors were associated with lower barriers and higher cues to action among COVID-19 health beliefs. Elementary and middle school students in Korea spend a lot of time in groups at private academies or school, which are closed spaces with poor ventilation, making them vulnerable to new infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Unlike adults, infectious diseases can have serious impact on their mental and social health. Therefore, it is necessary for schools to provide accurate and timely health education about COVID-19 to increase cues to action for elementary and middle school students in order to improve their infection prevention behaviors.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 1997

The ability of neurotropic alpha herpesviruses to replicate within synaptically linked neurons has made these pathogens valuable tools for transneuronal analysis. Recent studies suggest that unique gene products expressed by genetically engineered strains of virus may permit the use of multiple strains in complex tracing paradigms. In the present study we have examined the invasiveness of two genetically engineered strains of the swine pathogen known as pseudorabies virus(PRV). The two strains were isogenic with the attenuated Bartha strain of PRV; in one strain a lacZ reporter gene was inserted into the gC locus (PRV-BaBlu; $4.75\times10^8pfu/ml$) contrained a PRV envelope glycoprotein gene that was absent in PRV-BaBlu. Simultaneous or temporally separated sequential injection of $4\mu\ell$ of each strain into the ventral wall of the stomach produced a predictale course of retrograde synaptic infection. The results were as follows: 1. PRV-BaBlu and PRV-D infected the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve(DMV) and paraventricular nucleus(PVN). 2. Invasion and replication of PRV-D occured at a faster rate than the parental strain or PRV-BaBlu. 3. PRV-D was much more virulent than PRV-BaBlu or the parental strain. 4. Co-injection of PRV-D and PRV-BaBlu produced an infection that was more virulent than that produced by the parental strain (PRV-Bartha), 5. Neurons in DMV were permissive to co-infection with PRV-D and PRV-BaBlu when they were injected simultaneously into the same site. 6. Replication of PRV-BaBlu was compromised by prior infection of the same circuit with PRV-D. 7. Prior infection of neurons with PRV-D maked them resistant to infection with PRV-BaBlu.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.622-627
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• 2012

The processes to determine the composition, dynamics, and activity of infection mechanisms by the rhizosphere microflora have attracted the interest of scientists from multiple disciplines although considerable progress of the infection pathways and plant-pathogen interactions by soil borne fungal pathogens have been made. Soilborne pathogens are confined within a three-dimensional matrix of mineral soil particles, pores, organic matter in various stages of decomposition and a biological component. Among the physical and chemical properties of soils soil texture and matric water potential may be the two most important factors that determine spread exudates by soil borne fungal pathogens, based on the size of the soil pores. Pathogenic invasion of plant roots involves complex molecular mechanisms which occur in the diffuse interface between the root and the soil created by root exudates. The initial infection by soilborne pathogens can be caused by enzymes which breakdown cell wall layers to penetrate the plant cell wall for the fungus. However, the fate and mobility of the exudates are less well understood. Therefore, it needs to develop methods to control disease caused by enzymes produced by the soilborne pathogens by verifying many other possible pathways and mechanisms of infection processes occurring in soils.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.857-862
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• 2016

Background: The prevalence of infection by the liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini (O. viverrini), has remained high in Northeast Thailand where it is a major risk factor for the eventual development of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). The infection is acquired by the consumption of dishes containing unsafely prepared freshwater fish, a dietary tradition which has proved resistant to change. Since many people are aware that dosing with praziquantel (PZQ) is a successful treatment for an episode of the infection, there is a risk that, to avoid the long term consequences, they will engage in a cycle of infection, dosing and reinfection. Objectives: There is a dearth of studies of reinfection by O. viverrini, and the aims of this study were to assess re-infection rates in a typical province of Northeastern Thailand where O. viverrini infection is likely and to investigate factors associated with reinfection. Materials and Methods: A total of infected 607 villagers were treated with PZQ, and those found to be no longer infected were followed up at six-monthly intervals over 12 months. Results: At the end of this period data on 457 subjects were available for analysis using descriptive statistics and logistic regression, and 50 were found to have become reinfected, giving a cumulative reinfection rate of 10.9%. The results of a multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the only factor found to be associated with reinfection was past use of PZQ. Conclusions: Recommendations are made for future larger scale and better designed reinfection studies in the light of limitations of the current study. Further efforts are needed to discourage people from eating fish dishes likely to contain viable metacariae.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.4181-4185
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• 2014

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of male spouse caregivers of breast cancer patients in China, assess their quality of life (QOL), and investigate the influencing factors. Materials and Methods: A total of 243 breast cancer patient-spouse caregiver dyads were recruited from four hospitals in Shanxi and Anhui province of China. A cross-sectional design was applied to collect data and the Chinese version of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form (SF-36) was used to measure caregivers' QOL, and the Chinese version of M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI-C) was applied to measure patient symptom severity and interference. Pearson's correlation was used to examine the correlations between caregiver burden and QOL. The multiple regression analysis was used to determine the most predictive factors influencing QOL. Results: The scores of all SF-36 scales were above 50.0, which were much lower than that of general mainland Chinese males. Mental QOL was significantly worse than physical QOL. Spouses demographic characteristics, caregiving-related variables and patient symptoms were related to spouse QOL. Caregiver burden has a negative relationship with QOL. Conclusions: A decrease in life events and patient symptoms, as well as increase in spouse sleeping time and family income, ought to improve QOL.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.777-783
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• 2015

The nitric oxide (NO) formation and intrinsic nitrosation may be involved in the possible mechanisms of liver fluke-associated carcinogenesis. We still do not know much about the responses of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) induced by Clonorchis sinensis infection. This study was conducted to explore the pathological lesions and iNOS expressions in the liver of mice with different infection intensity levels of C. sinensis. Extensive periductal inflammatory cell infiltration, bile duct hyperplasia, and fibrosis were commonly observed during the infection. The different pathological responses in liver tissues strongly correlated with the infection intensity of C. sinensis. Massive acute spotty necrosis occurred in the liver parenchyma after a severe infection. The iNOS activity in liver tissues increased, and iNOS-expressing cells with morphological differences were observed after a moderate or severe infection. The iNOS-expressing cells in liver tissues had multiple origins.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.674-683
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• 2021

In this study, we investigated the effect of HPV related Health Belief and Self-Efficacy on HPV Infection Preventive Behavioral Intention considered to be the main impact in determining disease prevention behavior. Subjects of this study were female college students attending a four-year college. It was collected 405 data analyzed with SPSS 25.0 Statistics Program. In order to understand the effect of the subject's HPV related Health Belief and Self-Efficacy on HPV Infection Preventive Behavioral Intention, the general characteristics influenced HPV Infection Preventive Behavioral Intention were introduced as a control variable, and analyzed with Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analysis. Personal health belief and self-efficacy need to be improved to develop interventions that can increase HPV Infection Preventive Behavioral Intention in female college students. Based on the research results, it is necessary to develop and operate various programs to improve HPV prevention behavior.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.602-613
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• 2022

This study was performed to identify the factors affecting 'the organizational culture for infection control', 'the resource support', 'the knowledge about COVID-19', and 'the resilience' among hospital nurses on the performance of COVID-19 infection control. A total of 150 nurses, registered in Korea, participated in the current study. The data were collected through self-report questionnaires. From 27th July to 10th August, 2022, 147 questionnairesout of 150 were collected. In multiple regression analysis, 'the resource support', 'the knowledge about COVID-19' and 'the resilience' were analyzed as significant factors in performing of the infection control for COVID-19 (β = 0.68, p < .001, β = 0.12, p = .023 and β = 0.20, p = .005 respectively). For improving the nurses' performance of infection control against Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19) during the pandemic, it is necessary to develop and evaluate the programs through the organizational support and strategies to improve individual knowledge.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.233-239
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• 2024

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation has recently emerged as a significant co-transcriptional modification involved in regulating various RNA functions. It plays a vital function in numerous biological processes. Enzymes referred to as m6A methyltransferases, such as the methyltransferase-like (METTL) 3-METTL14-Wilms tumor 1 (WT1)-associated protein (WTAP) complex, are responsible for adding m6A modifications, while m6A demethylases, including fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) and alkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5), can remove m6A methylation. The functions of m6A-methylated RNA are regulated through the recognition and interaction of m6A reader proteins. Recent research has shown that m6A methylation takes place at multiple sites within hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNAs, and the location of these modifications can differentially impact the HBV infection. The addition of m6A modifications to HBV RNA can influence its stability and translation, thereby affecting viral replication and pathogenesis. Furthermore, HBV infection can also alter the m6A modification pattern of host RNA, indicating the virus's ability to manipulate host cellular processes, including m6A modification. This manipulation aids in establishing chronic infection, promoting liver disease, and contributing to pathogenesis. A comprehensive understanding of the functional roles of m6A modification during HBV infection is crucial for developing innovative approaches to combat HBV-mediated liver disease. In this review, we explore the functions of m6A modification in HBV replication and its impact on the development of liver disease.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of infection control performance, infection control fatigue, and social support on the burnout of nurses working at National Safe Hospitals during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, and to use that data to suggest methods to reduce burnout among nurses. Methods: From June 30 to September 30, 2021, data were collected from 144 nurses who both consented to participate in the study and had worked for more than six months in National Safe Hospitals with 300 or more beds in the Gyeonggi-do Province in Korea. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Results: The factors affecting nurses' burnout at National Safe Hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic were found to be infection control fatigue (β=.60, p<.001) and social support (β=-.27, p<.001). The explanatory power of these factors was 37.0%. Conclusion: Nurses' burnout at National Safe Hospitals was found to be at a moderate level. Burnout should be reduced through human, material, and administrative support, all of which can reduce infection-control fatigue. It is also necessary to develop both a non-face-to-face social-support-reinforcement program, considering restrictions mandated by infectious-disease pandemics, and a long-term intervention strategy to prevent burnout.