• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.150-156
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• 2012

Purpose: The main purposes of this study were to assess maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) of the expectant mothers of a fetus with a prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD) and to identify factors associated with MFA. Methods: The methodology was a cross sectional survey study using a self-administered questionnaire. Thirty pregnant women carrying a fetus with a prenatal diagnosis of CHD and 30 pregnant women with a normal fetus were enrolled in this study. The MFA Scale and PPS (The Prenatal Psychosocial Profile) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 Window version. Descriptive statistics, $X^2$-test and t-test were used to compare the two groups. The factors associated with MFA were identified by multiple regression analysis. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in MFA and social support from spouse was the only variable showing a significant difference. The model from the multiple regression analysis explained 33.8% of MFA for both groups. Conclusion: MFA of expectant mothers with a prenatal diagnosis of CHD and of mothers with a normal fetus were not significantly different. It is important that health care providers encourage expectant fathers to support the expectant mothers to increase MFA.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.4B
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• pp.288-297
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• 2003

The fast retransmit and fast recovery algorithm of TCP Reno, when multiple packets in the same window are lost, cannot recover them without RTO (Retransmission Timeout). TCP New-Reno can recover multiple lost packets by extending fast recovery using partial acknowledgement. If the retransmitted packet is lost again during fast recovery, however, RTO cannot be avoided. In this paper, we propose an algorithm called "Duplicate Acknowledgement Counting(DAC)" to alleviate this problem. DAC can detect the retransmitted packet loss by counting duplicate ACKs. Conditions that a lost packet can be recovered by loss recovery of TCP Reno, TCP New-Reno and TCP New-Reno using DAC are derived by modeling loss recovery behavior of each TCP. We calculate the loss recovery probability for random packet loss probability numerically, and show that DAC can improve loss recovery behavior of TCP New-Reno.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2003

MPEG-4 is a standard for multimedia applications and provides a set of technologies to satisfy the needs of authors, service providers and end users alike. In this paper, we suggest a Real-time Multiple Circular Buffer (M4RM Buffer) model, which is suitable for streaming these MPEG-4 contents efficiently. M4RM buffer generates each structure of the buffer, which matches well with each object composing an MPEG-4 content, according to the transferred information, and manipulates multiple read/write operations only by its reference. It divides the decoder buffer and the composition buffer, which are described in the standard, by the unit of frame allocated to minimize the range of access. This buffer unit of a frame is allocated according to the object description. Also, it processes the objects synchronization within the buffer and provides APIs for an efficient buffer management to process the real-time user events. Based on the performance evaluation, we show that M4RM buffer model decreases the waiting time in a buffer frame, and so allows the real-time streaming of an MPEG-4 content using the smaller size of the memory block than IM1-2D and Window Media Player.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.499-507
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the factors that influence nurses' organizational citizenship behavior. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used, with a convenience sample of 547 nurses from four university hospitals in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. The data were collected through a questionnaire survey done from September 22 to October 10, 2008. The tools used for this study were scales on organizational citizenship behavior (14 items), self-leadership (14 items), empowerment (10 items), organizational commitment (7 items), job satisfaction (8 items) and transformational transactional leadership (14 items). Cronbach's alpha and factor analysis were examined to test reliability and construct validity of the scale. The data collected were processed using SPSS Window 15.0 Program for actual numbers and percentages, differences in the dependent variable according to general characteristics, and means, standard deviations, correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis. Results: The factors influencing nurses' organizational citizenship behavior were identified as self-leadership ($\beta=.247$), empowerment ($\beta=.233$), job satisfaction ($\beta=.209$), organizational commitment ($\beta=.158$), and transactional leadership ($\beta=.142$). Five factors explained 42.0% of nurses' organizational citizenship behavior. Conclusion: The results of this study can be used to develop further management strategies for enhancement of nurses' organizational citizenship behavior.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1120-1131
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• 2011

Researches using time reversal acoustics(TRA) for impact localization have been paid attention to recently. Dispersion characteristics of Lamb waves, which restrict the utility of classical nondestructive evaluation based on time-of-flight information, can be compensated through the application of TRA to Lamb waves on a plate. This study investigates the spatial focusing performance of time reversal Lamb waves on a plate using finite element analysis. In particular, the virtual sensor effect caused by multiple wave reflections at the boundaries of a plate is shown to enable the spatial focusing of Lamb waves though a very small number of surface-bonded piezoelectric(PZT) sensors are available. The time window size of forward response signals, are normalized with respect to the number of virtual active sensors. Then their effects on the spatial focusing performance of Lamb waves are investigated.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was to identify the effects of self-resilience and social support on reality shock among new graduate nurses. Methods: The data was collected using self-reported questionnaires from a convenience sample of 111 new graduate nurses. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistical, independent t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression via the SPSS Window 23.0 program. Results: Among general and work related characteristics, factors that have shown significant differences on reality shock were gender (t=-2.29, p=.024), work unit (t=3.31, p=.023) and whether they are working at unit they desired (t=-5.08, p<.001). Reality shock has shown a negative correlation with self-resilience (r=-.51, p<.001) and social support (r=-.41, p<.001). Factors that affected the reality shock on new graduate nurses were self-resilience (${\beta}=-.43$, p<.001), whether they are working at unit they desired (${\beta}=.35$, p<.001) and their currently work unit (${\beta}=-.17$, p=.028). These factors take into account of 38.0% of overall reality shock. Conclusion: The results suggest that self-resilience, desired unit and current work unit should be considered as factors when developing an intervention to alleviate the reality shock experienced by new graduate nurses.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.2059-2064
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• 2004

Texture analysis is an important role for automatic visual insfection. This paper presents an application of wavelet extension and Gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) for detection of defect encountered in textured images. Texture characteristic in low quality images is not to easy task to perform caused by noise, low frequency and small dimension. In order to solve this problem, we have developed a procedure called wavelet image extension. Wavelet extension procedure is used to determine the frequency bands carrying the most information about the texture by decomposing images into multiple frequency bands and to form an image approximation with higher resolution. Thus, wavelet extension procedure offers the ability to robust feature extraction in images. Then the features are extracted from the co-occurrence matrices computed from the sub-bands which performed by partitioning the texture image into sub-window. In the detection part, Mahalanobis distance classifier is used to decide whether the test image is defective or non defective.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.639-650
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• 2008

Electricity price forecasting has become an integral part of power system operation and control. In this paper, a wavelet transform (WT) based neural network (NN) model to forecast price profile in a deregulated electricity market has been presented. The historical price data has been decomposed into wavelet domain constitutive sub series using WT and then combined with the other time domain variables to form the set of input variables for the proposed forecasting model. The behavior of the wavelet domain constitutive series has been studied based on statistical analysis. It has been observed that forecasting accuracy can be improved by the use of WT in a forecasting model. Multi-scale analysis from one to seven levels of decomposition has been performed and the empirical evidence suggests that accuracy improvement is highest at third level of decomposition. Forecasting performance of the proposed model has been compared with (i) a heuristic technique, (ii) a simulation model used by Ontario's Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO), (iii) a Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) model, (iv) NN model, (v) Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model, (vi) Dynamic Regression (DR) model, and (vii) Transfer Function (TF) model. Forecasting results show that the performance of the proposed WT based NN model is satisfactory and it can be used by the participants to respond properly as it predicts price before closing of window for submission of initial bids.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.10 s.212
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• pp.141-153
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• 2005

This study investigated the relationships among personal characteristics(sex, self-concepts, depression, fear, internal locus of control), home environment(physical and psychological environment, parenting style, attachment to mother), school environment(teacher support, peer victimization), and Korean-Chinese children's aggression in Yanji, China. Two hundred and two(90 boys and 112 girls) 6th graders rated themselves on a questionnaire. Correlation analysis, and multiple regression were conducted using SPSS Window vers. 12. Alienation to mother, and overt and relational victimization by peers were positively related, and communication with mother was negatively related to children's proactive aggression. Alienation to mother, and overt victimization by peers were positively related, and communication with mother, support by teacher were negatively related to children's reactive aggression. Alienation to mother, and overt and relational victimization by peers were positively related, and communication with mother and support by teacher were negatively related to children's relational aggression. The factor with the greatest contribution to explaining the aggression of Korean-Chinese in Yanbin was the alienation to mother.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.123-135
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between shopping orientation and purchasing satisfaction of apparels. To achieve the purpose, this study was carried out by means of questionnaires with female consumers aged from 20s to 50s in Daegu. The data were analysed by the frequency analysis, percentage, reliability test, factor analysis, Pearson's correlation analysis, cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range analysis. The statistical package for social science 9.0 for Window was used for the statistical processing of the data. The result of this study is summarized as follows. 1. To examine factors which construct female consumers' shopping orientation for apparels, a factor analysis was done, therefore, which obtained 6 factors. Also A factor analysis was done to examine the motivative factors of satisfaction with purchased apparels, 6 factors were obtained. 2. Based on the average score of shopping-orientation factors for apparels, a cluster analysis was done and it was classified into 3 clusters. There were differences in purchasing satisfaction of purchased apparels between the 3 clusters. 3. The differences in variety, shopping convenience, dignity, brand & preference, and convenient selection between the clusters were entirely p<0.001 which were very significant. There were no differences in the quality and service factors between the brand-/practicality-oriented cluster and entertainment-oriented cluster. With other factors, entertainment-oriented cluster was most satisfied than brand-/ practicality oriented cluster. But, self-reliance-oriented cluster was lowest purchasing satisfaction of apparels.