• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.94-109
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• 2000

The chances of disease pattern increased the importance of Health-promoting Lifestyle and a large part of the Health-promoting Lifestyle is associated with individual's habit. Health-promoting Lifestyle among nurses is very important because nurses could be a role model of patients and possibly influence many patients. The purpose of this study was oat on1y to assess how hospital nurses practice their Health-promoting Lifestyle but also to identify those affecting determinants. The subjects were 392 nurses working at 3 different hospital in Seoul. These data were collected by self administered questionnaire from April 27 to May 20, 2000. This study examined Health-promoting Lifestyle using In Sook Park's model, individual characteristics. Behavior-specific Cognitions and Affect factors using Pender's model and tried to fine out their relationships. The instruments used in this study were Health-promoting Lifestyle Profile developed by In Sock Park(1995). Likert's four-point scale was used also in this research. The percentage, mean standard deviation, AVNOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression in the SAS package were used to analyze the data. The results of this study were as follows; 1. 52.3% of sample were aged between 25 and 29, 67.1% were single, 55.6% were university graduates, 51.8% earned 1.5 to 2.0 million won, 57.9% slept for d to 8 hours, 74.5% stated they were healthy. 2. 32.7% of sample worked in surgical gird department, 82.4% worked in 3 shift, 26.3% have been working as nurses for 5 to 7 years. Average score of Perceived self-efficacy was 3.63, Perceived benefits of action was 3.25, Social support was 2.75, and Perceived barriers to action was 1.87 which was the lowest score. 3. The average score if the performance in Health-promoting Lifestyle variable was 2.45 which was lower than previous study. The sanitary life Was 3.18 which was the highest score, harmonious relationship 3.13, emotional support 2.90. The variable with the highest degree of performance was the sanitary life, whereas the one with the west degree was the health diet. 4. There were no significant difference in perceived benefits of action with individual's a character, but in Perceived bait his of action there were significant differences with age(p<.01), marital status(p<.05), housing(p<.05), and Perceived health status(p<.05). In Perceived self-efficacy, there were significant differences with educational level(p<05), sleeping hours(p<.05), and BMI(p<.05). In Social support here were significant difference with housing and sleeping hours.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.37-57
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• 1987

This article discussed the characteristics of several Pareto-optimal incentive contracts between owner and labor, more specifically, four situations: reporting output jointly observable by labor ana owner; reporting both output and effort; incorporating other endogenous elements (like capital) that affect the production process and Pareto-optimal fee schedules; and ascertaining the effects of private pre-decision information private- decision information, and per-contact informational asymmetries. Also presented were several extensions of the basic contractual model, and the different components of agency costs associated with labor-owner contractual relations. In a single-period model, the agency problem exists because the uncertainty prevents the owner from using the cash flow to determine unambiguously the labor's action. Holmstrom(1979) suggests that "when the same situation repeats itself over time, the effects of uncertainty tend to be reduced and dystunctional behavior is more accurately revealed, thus alleviating the problem of moral hazard. " Under these conditions, if the labor selects the first-best level of effect in each period, the cash flow will be independent and identically distributed over time. As the number of periods increases, the variance of the labows average output, if he selects the first-best level of effort in each period, gets smaller. Note that for this diversification effect to occur, it is necessary that the owner evaluate the labor's effort over the entire history of his employment, rather than evaluate each period's performance separately. Radner(1980) and Rubinstein and Yaari(1980) consider the extreme case in which there are an infinite number of observations. They show that the owner can eventually detect and systematic shirking on the part of the labor by comparing the labor's average output with what would be expected if the labor had been selecting the first-best level of effort in each period. In a dynamic model with incentive problems we have demonstrated that the labor's second-period compensation will depend on his first-period performance. This allows the owner to diversify away some of the uncertainty surrounding the labor's actions. In addition, this allows the owner to smooth the labor's income over time by spreading the risk of the first-period outcome over both periods. At least some unexplored avenves in this area invite future accounting research: situations where owner has different incompatible objectives and negotiates a contract with labor; circumstances in which owner deals with multiple objectives and negotiates contracts with several labors simultaneously; the value of costly accounting information systems and communication in establishing, Pareto-optimal incentive contracts, and the value and effects of inside information, Thorough theoretical or empirical research on each of these topics not only would increase our knowledge about the role and significance of accounting information but could also provide explanations of the inherent differences among various organizations and in their economic behavior. behavior.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.371-380
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• 2009

This study was executed to find out the intensity of turnover intention and its associated factors of radiologic technologists who worked for private clinic and university hospitals in Daejoen. Such variables as social and demographic characteristics, job-related features, job stress, job satisfaction, job performance, organizational commitment and turnover intention were investigated based on the survey of randomly sampled 400 radiologic technologists. The results are summarized as follows. 1. College graduates of private clinic workers were significantly higher than junior college graduates of them in the mean score for turnover intention. And low age groups, unmarried group, no religion group, low job career groups and low income groups of university hospital workers were significantly higher than high age groups, married group, religion group, high job career groups and high income groups of them respectively in the mean score for turnover intention. 2. Private clinic and university hospital workers' low and high groups in the variables of job demand, job control, supervisor support, job satisfaction, organizational commitment showed significant difference in the mean score for turnover intention. specially private clinic workers' low and high groups in the variables of coworker support, job performance showed significant difference in the mean score for turnover intention. 3. A hierarchial multiple regression analysis was conducted to catch the influence of related variables on turnover intention according to private clinic workers and university hospital workers. As a result of the analysis, the higher the degrees of education and job demand were and the lower the degree of job satisfaction was for private clinic workers, the higher the degree of turnover intention was. And the lower the degrees of age, job career, job satisfaction and organizational commitment were for university hospital workers, the higher the degree of turnover intention was. In conclusion, it was found that job demand and job satisfaction for private clinic workers and job satisfaction and organizational commitment for university hospital workers influenced on turnover intention.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.208-223
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of diffusive(or passive) sampler in measuring airbone organic solvents. Diffusive samplers are generally simple in construction and do not require power for operation. The efficiency of the diffusive samplers has not sufficiently been investigated in Korea. Three types of samplers were studied in this study. The sampling and analytical results by passive samplers were compared with results by charcoal tube method recommended by NIOSH(National Institute for Occupational Safty and Health). The following characteristics are identified and studied as critical to the performance passive monitors; recovery, reverse diffusion, storage stability, accuracy and precision, face velocity and humidity, n-Hexane, TCE(trichloroethylene) and toluene were used as test vapors. A dynamic vapor exposure system consisting of organic vapor generator and sampling chamber for evaluating diffusive samplers are made. The results of the study are summarized as follows. 1. NIOSH recommands that the overall accuracy of a sampling method in the range of 0.5 to 2.0 times the occupational health standard should be ${\pm}25$ percent for 95 percent confidence level. Among three types of diffusive samplers, sampler A has permeation membrane and samplers Band C have diffusive areas, samplers A and B met the criterion that overall accuracy for 95% confidence level of the samplers were within ${\pm}25$ percent of the reference value. Sampler C had overall accuracy ${\pm}9.6%$ and ${\pm}11.8%$ in hexane and TCE, respectively. The concentration of toluene was overestimated in sampler C with overall accuracy of ${\pm}43.9%$. 2. The desorption efficiencies of diffusive samplers were 96-107%. 3. There was no significant sampe loss during four weeks of storage both with and without refrigeration. 4. There was no significant reverse diffusion, when the samplers were exposure to clean air for 2 hours after sampling for 2 hours at the level of 2 TLY. 5. In case of 8 hours sampling, relative differences(RD) of concentrations between charcoal tube method and diffusive method were 15-39%, 13-46%, and 4-35% for sampler A, B and C, respectively. The performance was poor in 8 hours sampling for multiple substance monitors. 6. At high velocity(100 cm/sec), samplers B and C overestimated the concentrations of organic vapors, and sampler A with permeation membrance gave better results. 7. At 80% relative humidity, samplers showed no siginificant effect. Low humidity also did not affect the diffusive samplers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.414-419
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• 2020

An artificial intelligence-based cable tension estimation model was developed to expand the utilization of data obtained from cable accelerometers of cable-stayed bridges. The model was based on an algorithm for selecting the natural frequency in the tension estimation process based on the vibration method and an applied artificial neural network (ANN). The training data of the ANN was composed after converting the cable acceleration data into the frequency, and machine learning was carried out using the characteristics with a pattern on the natural frequency. When developing the training data, the frequencies with various amplitudes can be used to represent the frequencies of multiple shapes to improve the selection performance for natural frequencies. The performance of the model was estimated by comparing it with the control criteria of the tension estimated by an expert. As a result of the verification using 139 frequencies obtained from the cable accelerometer as the input, the natural frequency was determined to be similar to the real criteria and the estimated tension of the cable by the natural frequency was 96.4% of the criteria.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.696-705
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• 2002

This paper presents a new copy network for multicast ATM switches. Many studies have been carried out up to date since the proposition of Lee's copy network. However, the overflows and cell conflicts within the switch have still been raised a problem in argument. In order to reduce those problems, we proposed a 3-dimensional multicast switching architecture which has shared buffers in this paper. The proposed architecture can reduce the overflows and cell conflicts through multiple paths and output ports even in the high load environments. Also, we proposed a cell splitting algorithm which handles the cell in the case of large fan-out, and a copy network to increase throughput by expanding the Lee's Broadcast Banyan Network(BBN). Cell copy uses the Boolean interval splitting algorithm and the multicast pattern of the cells according to the self-routing characteristics of the network. In the proposed copy network, we improve the problems such as overflow, cell splitting of large fanout, cell conflicts, etc., which were still existed in the Lee's network. The results of performance evaluation by computer simulation show that the proposed scheme has better throughput, cell loss rate and cell delay than the conventional method.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.10C
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• pp.1017-1026
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• 2005

In burst OFDM system, the frame synchronization should be performed first for the acquisition of received frame and the estimation of the correct FFT-window position. The conventional frame synchronization algorithms using design features of the preamble symbol, the repetition pattern of the OFDM symbol by pilot sub-carrier allocation rule and Cyclic Prefix(CP), has difficulty in the detection of precise frame timing because its correlation characteristics would increase and decrease gradually. Also, the algorithm based on the correlation between the reference signal and the received signal has performance degradation due to frequency offset. Therefore, we adopt a differential correlation method that is robust to frequency offset and has the clear peak value at the correct frame timing for frame synchronization. However, performance improvement is essential for differential correlation methods, since it usually shows multiple peak values due to the repetition pattern. In this paper, we propose an enhanced frame synchronization algorithm based on the differential correlation method that shows a clear single peak value by using differential correlation between samples of identical repeating pattern. We also introduce a normalization scheme which normalizes the result of differential correlation with signal power to reduce the frame timing error in the high speed mobile channel environments.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2005

This study was designed to provide a base for nursing intervention to help apheresis blood-donors to perform health promotion behavior effectively by surveying their health promotion behavior and by analyzing the critical factors. The study subjects were 468 participants in platelet donation at a university hospital apheresis unit in Seoul. The data for this study were collected between May and June. 2002. by questionnaire. Data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA. Scheffe test, Pearson correlation coefficient. and stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows. 1. The degree of performance of health promotion behavior of the subjects was a total average score of $152.9\pm21.5$ points and a mean score of 2.7 points. The highest score was 'I have a good relationship with others' in the factor of self-actualization and interpersonal support. The lowest score was 'I have my blood pressure checked regularly' in the factor of health responsibility. 2. Considering the classification according to the subjects' general characteristics. the health promotion behavior score was significantly higher for soldiers than high school students, for religious believers than atheists. and for high class economic status than mid and low class economic status. Also the health promotion behavior score was higher for those who had made more than five blood donations than those who had made zero or one donation. and for those who had made more than four blood donations than for those who had made less than four blood donations in the previous times of apheresis blood donation. The score was also higher for those not having a relationship with recipient than those having a relationship. 3. The self-efficacy related to donation. general self-efficacy and self-esteem had a significant correlation with the performance in health promotion behavior. 4. The critical factors that influenced the health promotion behavior were explained by $35.6\%$ of the general self-efficacy and by $40.2\%$ of the total of self-efficacy related to donation, and previous times of apheresis blood donation. The health promotion behavior score of apheresis blood-donors differed according to job, religion, economic status, previous times of whole blood donation, previous times of apheresis blood donation, and relationship with recipient. The health promotion behavior and self-efficacy related to donation, general self-efficacy, and self-esteem showed significant positive correlation with one another. The general self-efficacy, self-efficacy related to donation, and previous times of apheresis blood donation appeared to be the significant predictive factors of health promotion behavior. Therefore, from these study results, it is necessary to establish more effective and organized nursing intervention strategies for the health promotion behavior of apheresis blood-donors.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.297-309
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to develop a standardized preschool oral health education program as one of educational media and to apply it to preschool education. It's ultimately meant to help improve the oral health education policy of the nation toward young children and to provide multiple information on that. The subjects in this study were 250 young children who were at the age of 7 and attended kindergartens in the city of S. To evaluate an oral health education program prepared in the study, the selected young children were taught by using it, and a survey was conducted twice before offering education and three weeks after it to assess their knowledge. Besides, their patient hygiene performance was tested. For data handling, SPSS program was utilized, and in order to see if there would be any changes in their oral health behaviors, statistical data on percentage were obtained and crosstab was employed. To track any possible additional changes in their relevant knowledge and Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, t-test was implemented. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. As for changes in oral health behaviors, there were significant differences in tooth brushing time(p<0.05), tooth brushing method(p<0.01) and toothbrush keeping method(p<0.001) between before and after the education. 2. Regarding changes in oral health knowledge, there was a significant gap between before and after the education(p<0.001). In detail, their knowledge about the cause of dental caries(p<0.05), the right choice of toothbrush(p<0.001) and toothbrushing after meals(p<0.01) became significantly different. 3. There was no gap in patient hygiene performance index between before and after the education. 4. To boost the effect of oral health education on kindergarteners, it seems necessary to give a lecture on oral health, to demonstrate tooth brushing by using dntiform, and to offer instruction by utilizing disclosing solution. 5. Repeated education should be provided on a regular basis by preparing standardized teaching plans tailored to the characteristics of kindergarteners, and a wide variety of teaching materials that could be easy to understand, authentic and provide motivation to them should be developed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.207-216
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• 2013

The components of concrete track (rail and rail fastening system) in railway bridge deck ends are damaged and deteriorated by track-bridge interaction forces such as uplift forces and compression forces owing to their structural flexural characteristics (bridge end rotation). This had led to demand for alternatives to improve structural safety and serviceability. In this study, the authors aim to develop a transition track to enhance the long term workability and durability of concrete track components in railway bridge deck ends and thereby improve the performance of concrete track. A time-history analysis and a three-dimensional finite element method analysis were performed to consider the train speed and the effect of multiple train loads and the results were compared with the performance requirements and German standard for transition track. Furthermore, two specimens, a normal concrete track and a transition track, were fabricated to evaluate the effects of application of the developed transition track, and static tests were conducted. From the results, the track-bridge interaction force acting on the track components (rail displacement, rail stress, and clip stress) of the railway bridge deck end were significantly reduced with use of the developed transition track compared with the non-transition track specimen.