• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1142-1146
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• 2009

A rainfall simulation and forecasting technique that can generate daily rainfall sequences conditional on multi-model ensemble GCMs is developed and applied to data in Korea for the major rainy season. The GCM forecasts are provided by APEC climate center. A Weather State Based Downscaling Model (WSDM) is used to map teleconnections from ocean-atmosphere data or key state variables from numerical integrations of Ocean-Atmosphere General Circulation Models to simulate daily sequences at multiple rain gauges. The method presented is general and is applied to the wet season which is JJA(June-July-August) data in Korea. The sequences of weather states identified by the EM algorithm are shown to correspond to dominant synoptic-scale features of rainfall generating mechanisms. Application of the methodology to seasonal rainfall forecasts using empirical teleconnections and GCM derived climate forecast are discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.153-168
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• 2017

The main objective of this study was to assess reference evapotranspiration based on multiple GCMs (General Circulation Models) and estimation methods. In this study, 10 GCMs based on the RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) 4.5 scenario were used to estimate reference evapotranspiration. 54 ASOS (Automated Synoptic Observing System) data were constructed by statistical downscaling techniques. The meteorological variables of precipitation, maximum temperature and minimum temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation were produced using GCMs. For the past and future periods, we estimated reference evapotranspiration by GCMs and analyzed the statistical characteristics and analyzed its uncertainty. Five methods (BC: Blaney-Criddle, HS: Hargreaves-Samani, MK: Makkink, MS: Matt-Shuttleworth, and PM: Penman-Monteith) were selected to analyze the uncertainty by reference evapotranspiration estimation methods. We compared the uncertainty of reference evapotranspiration method by the variable expansion and analyzed which variables greatly influence reference evapotranspiration estimation. The posterior probabilities of five methods were estimated as BC: 0.1792, HS: 0.1775, MK: 0.2361, MS: 0.2054, and PM: 0.2018. The posterior probability indicated how well reference evapotranspiration estimated with 10 GCMs for five methods reflected the estimated reference evapotranspiration using the observed data. Through this study, we analyzed the overall characteristics of reference evapotranspiration according to GCMs and reference evapotranspiration estimation methods The results of this study might be used as a basic data for preparing the standard method of reference evapotranspiration to derive the water management method under climate change.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.133-142
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• 2018

Climate change will affect not only the crop productivity but also the pattern of rice disease epidemics in Korea. Impact assessments for the climate change are conducted using various climate change scenarios from many global climate models (GCM), such as a scenario from a best GCM or scenarios from multiple GCMs, or a combination of both. Here, we evaluated the feasibility of using a climate change scenario from the best GCM for the impact assessment on the potential epidemics of a rice leaf blast disease in Korea, in comparison to a multi?model ensemble (MME) scenario from multiple GCMs. For this, this study involves analyses of disease simulation using an epidemiological model, EPIRICE?LB, which was validated for Korean rice paddy fields. We then assessed likely changes in disease epidemics using the best GCM selected for individual agro?climatic zones and MME scenarios constructed by running 11 GCMs. As a result, the simulated incidence of leaf blast epidemics gradually decreased over the future periods both from the best GCM and MME. The results from this study emphasized that the best GCM selection approach resulted in comparable performance to the MME approach for the climate change impact assessment on rice leaf blast epidemic in Korea.

• Atmosphere
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.361-376
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• 2020

This study evaluates multiple Regional Climate Models (RCMs) in simulating temperature and precipitation over the Far East Asia (FEA) and estimates the portions of the total uncertainty originating in the RCMs and the driving Global Climate Models (GCMs) using nine present-day (1981~2000) climate data obtained from combinations of three GCMs and three RCMs in the CORDEX-EA phase2. Downscaling using the RCMs generally improves the present temperature and precipitation simulated in the GCMs. The mean temperature climate in the RCM simulations is similar to that in the GCMs; however, RCMs yield notably better spatial variability than the GCMs. In particular, the RCMs generally yield positive added values to the variability of the summer temperature and the winter precipitation. Evaluating the uncertainties by the GCMs (VARGCM) and the RCMs (VARRCM) on the basis of two-way ANOVA shows that VARRCM is greater than VARGCM in contrast to previous studies which showed VARGCM is larger. In particular, in the winter temperature, the ocean has a very large VARRCM of up to 30%. Precipitation shows that VARRCM is greater than VARGCM in all seasons, but the difference is insignificant. In the following study, we will analyze how the uncertainty of the climate model in the present-day period affects future climate change prospects.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.48 no.10
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• pp.817-830
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• 2015

This study performed prediction of extreme rainfall uncertainty and its frequency analysis based on climate change scenarios by Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) for the selected nine-General Circulation Models (GCMs) in the near future (2011-2040) over the Korean Peninsula (KP). We analysed uncertainty of scenarios by multiple model ensemble (MME) technique using non-parametric quantile mapping method and bias correction method in the basin scale of the KP. During the near future, the extreme rainfall shows a significant gradually increasing tendency with the annual variability and uncertainty of extreme ainfall in the RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios. In addition to the probability rainfall frequency (such as 50 and 100-year return periods) has increased by 4.2% to 10.9% during the near future in 2040. Therefore, in the longer-term water resources master plan, based on the various climate change scenarios (such as CMIP5 GCMs) and its uncertainty can be considered for utilizing of the support tool for decision-makers in water-related disasters management.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.35-35
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 한강유역을 대상으로 다중 GCMs (General Circulation Models)을 이용하여 장기유출량을 분석하는 데 있다. 기후변화 전망을 분석하기 위해 총 13개의 GCMs을 선정하여 사용하였다. SDQDM (Spatial Disaggregation-Quantile Delta Mapping) 방법을 이용하여 GCMs을 60개 종관기상관측장비 (Automated Synoptic Observing System, ASOS)에 대해 상세화하였다. GCMs은 총 6개의 변수(강수, 최고 기온, 최저기온, 풍속, 상대습도, 일사량)를 제공하였다. 장기유출량 분석은 투수지역과 불투수지역을 모두 고려할 수 있는 HSPF 모형을 선정하여 수행하였다. 장기유출량의 공간적인 범위는 한강유역의 16개 중권역을 기준으로 선정하였고, 시간적인 범위는 과거 기준 기간 (Reference period: 1976-2005), 미래 3개 기간 (Near future period: 2011-2040, Mid-century period: 2041-2070, Distance future period: 2071-2099)으로 30년 단위로 구분하여 선정하였다. 본 연구는 13개의 GCM을 사용하여 추정된 장기유출량의 연간 및 계절적 평균과 변동성을 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 HSPF 모형을 활용하여 분석한 결과는 복잡한 한강유역의 특성을 적절히 반영하여, 기후변화에 따른 수자원 계획 및 통합 유역 관리를 수립하기 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.119-126
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• 2020

This study analyzed the effects of future climate change on water resources in the Gyeongan-cheon watershed of the Han River. Considering the uncertainties of GCM climate data, future data using 16 GCMs and SQM downscaling method are used. And SWAT model was applied to simulate the hydrological changes from the past to the future. The maximum to minimum difference according to GCM for the future period (2010-2099) was about 1,500 mm of annual precipitation, 150 mm of evapotranspiration, 1,380 mm of runoff, and the deviation from the mean was -40 % to +60 % of precipitation, ±15 % of evapotranspiration, -60 % to +90 % of runoff, which means that the variability is very high according to GCM. The impacts of climate change over the three future periods showed that precipitation, evapotranspiration, and runoff were expected to increase gradually toward the far future (2070-2099), and would be relatively larger under the RCP 8.5 scenario. On a monthly basis, it was analyzed that precipitation and runoff increased in July to September, while the evapotranspiration decreased in July and August, and increased in September and October. The results of this study are expected to be helpful in understanding the future climate impacts of various GCM data and the uncertainties associated with GCMs.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.205-216
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• 2015

The CMIP5 climate change scenarios from 34 GCMs were analyzed to quantitatively assess future changes in temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation against the global region and the Northeast Asia region with a focus on South Korea, North Korea, or Japan. The resulting projection revealed that the Northeast Asia region is subjected to more increase in temperature and precipitation than the global means for both. In particular, temperature and precipitation in North Korea were projected to increase about $5.1^{\circ}C$ and 18%, respectively under the RCP 8.5 scenario, as compared to the historical means for 30 years (1971-2000), although a large uncertainty still exists among GCMs. For solar radiation, global mean solar radiation was predicted to decrease with time in all RCP scenarios except for the RCP 2.6 scenario. On the contrary, it was predicted that the amount of solar radiation in the Northeast Asia increases in the future period.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.31-45
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• 2018

This study implemented the prediction of drought properties (number of drought events, intensity, duration) using the user-oriented systematical procedures of downscaling climate change scenarios based the multiple global climate models (GCMs), AIMS (APCC Integrated Modeling Solution) program. The drought properties were defined and estimated with Effective Drought Index (EDI). The optimal 10 models among 29 GCMs were selected, by the estimation of the spatial and temporal reproducibility about the five climate change indices related with precipitation. In addition, Simple Quantile Mapping (SQM) as the downscaling technique is much better in describing the observed precipitation events than Spatial Disaggregation Quantile Delta Mapping (SDQDM). Even though the procedure was systematically applied, there are still limitations in describing the observed spatial precipitation properties well due to the offset of spatial variability in multi-model ensemble (MME) analysis. As a result, the farther into the future, the duration and the number of drought generation will be decreased, while the intensity of drought will be increased. Regionally, the drought at the central regions of the Korean Peninsula is expected to be mitigated, while that at the southern regions are expected to be severe.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.12
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• pp.1011-1023
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• 2019

Rapid urbanization increases the risk of hydrologic disasters due to the increase of impervious areas in urban areas. Precipitation characteristics can be transformed due to the rise of global temperatures. Thus urban areas with the increased impervious areas are more exposed to hydrological disasters than ever before. Therefore, low impact development practices have been widely installed to rehabilitate the distorted hydrologic cycle in the urban area. This study used the Stormwater Management Model to analyze the water quantity and quality of the Mokgamcheon which had been severely urbanized, considering future climate scenarios presented by various general circulation models (GCMs). In addition the effectiveness of permeable pavement by 27 sub-watersheds was simulated in terms of water quantity and quality considering various GCMs and then the priorities of sub-watersheds were derived using an alternative valuation index which uses the pressure-state-response framework.