• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.751-760
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• 2001

Therapeutic exercise had developed with human being. It depend upon development of physiology, anatomy, kinesiology and biomechanics. There are two categories in therapeutic exorcise. One is classical therapeutic exercise which is a activity of one muscle group, one axis and one plane motion. It is ROM, FRE. osteokinematics, arthrokinematics. Another is neurophysiological approach which is multi muscle group, multi axis and plane exercise. It is PNF and Bobath that start from 1940 to early 1950. Classical therapeutic exorcise develop from ROM to osteokinematics and arthrokinematics. It is foundation of the joint mobilization and orthopaedic manual physical therapy. Neurophysiological therapeutic approaching has more theory and skills than before. Bobath methods had changed from reflex-inhibiting posture to key points of control and added the theory of musculoskeletal, biomechanics, motor behaviour and cognition. We call it motor control.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 2013

Objective : The purpose of this study was to identify the effect and difference of abdominal muscle strengthening exercise, back muscle stretching and multi-training on the lumbar flexibility of 20s adults. Method : The abdominal muscle strengthening exercise, back muscle stretching and multi-training were conducted 9 times targeting 21 subjects who attended K University from 2013 May 29 to June 14. Sit and Reach Tests were conducted 2 times(before and after exercise program) for flexibility test and measured data were processed with SPSS program WIN 12.0K. By the Wilcoxon signed rank test, the effectiveness of exercises are verified. By the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test, the difference of effectiveness among the exercise groups are verified. Result : The results of this study were summerized below 1. Before and after exercise, in abdominal muscle strengthening exercise group, back muscle stretching group and multi-training group are showed statistically significant differences(p<.05), 2. There were statistically significant difference in the improvement of the flexibility between each group(p>.05). Conclusion : These data suggests that all of the 3 exercise programs are brought positive influences on the improvement of flexibility, and abdominal muscle strengthening exercises and flexibility multi-training are effective on the flexibility more than, back muscle stretching in 20s adults.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.68-74
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• 2001

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.97-102
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• 1995

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.205-212
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• 2013

Pain is one of the quite common symptoms in clinics and many treatment methods have been applied to relieve pain. Among the treatments, high-intensity light therapy for pain has been introduced, but this therapy has not been fully supported by confirmed efficacy due to the absence of quantitative assessments and treatment feedback data in real time. In this study, the evaluation of light distribution in tissue was performed with current high-intensity light sources quantitatively using light-tissue interaction simulations. The diffuse reflectance in tissue was generated using Monte Carlo simulation that traces photons as they undergo multiple scattering and absorption within each tissue layer (skin, fat, and muscle) and within multi-layered tissue. The results showed that the highest diffuse reflectance and the deepest penetration of tissue were achieved at ${\lambda}$=830 nm when compared with other wavelengths like ${\lambda}$=650 nm, 980 nm and 1064 nm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.115-118
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• 2005

Korea has experienced many changes since modern hospitals started to be built. Among these changes, interest in 'Promotion of Curing environment', which is the most fundamental one of the hospital functions, has increased more and more. The lobby makes the first impression of a medical building and that is an important function. Recently, the lobby became highly valued not only as a waiting area or a pathway only but as a cultural area. The lobby is considered simply as a complex and busy area because it plays an important role in the building' communications and access systems and has various uses and functions. Based on the concept of curing environment, the lobby can be planned as a facility combining culture and medical functions by applying multi therapy.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.7.1-7.11
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• 2020

Cancer immunotherapy, in the form of vaccination, adoptive cellular transfer, or immune checkpoint inhibitors, has emerged as a promising practice within the field of oncology. However, despite the developing field's potential to revolutionize cancer treatment, the presence of immunotherapeutic-resistant tumor cells in many patients present a challenge and limitation to these immunotherapies. These cells not only indicate immunotherapeutic resistance, but also show multi-modal resistance to conventional therapies, abnormal metabolism, stemness, and metastasis. How can immunotherapeutic-resistant tumor cells render multi-malignant phenotypes? We reasoned that the immune-refractory phenotype could be associated with multi-malignant phenotypes and that these phenotypes are linked together by a factor that acts as the master regulator. In this review, we discussed the role of the embryonic transcription factor NANOG as a crucial master regulator we named "common factor" in multi-malignant phenotypes and presented strategies to overcome multi-malignancy in immunotherapeutic-resistant cancer by restraining the NANOG-mediated multi-malignant signaling axis. Strategies that blunt the NANOG axis could improve the clinical management of therapy-refractory cancer.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a newly established treatment for solid tumors, involves the systemic administration of a tumor localizing photosensitizer that is only activated when exposed to light of appropriate wavelength. Photoactivation of photosensitizer in the presence of oxygen results in the formation of highly cytotoxic molecular species, which precipitates necrosis. PDT has now become a promising means for the treatment of cancer due to its specificity, relatively minimal side effects, and inexpensive. However, the application of PDT has been restricted to the treatment of superficial lesions or the use of interstitial light delivery. A single photon generally activates the photochemical reaction in traditional PDT. However the use of multi photon excitation, where two or more photons simultaneously excite a photosensitizer, allows for the use of wavelengths twice as long. Such wavelengths exhibit better transmittance through tissue and thereby deeper penetration is achieved. This paper will review theoretical principles of multi photon excitation, challenges associated with multi photon PDT and update the current and future role of multi photon PDT in cancer.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of the present current study was to examine control of upper limb multi-joint movements with differential coordination stability. To achieve the goals of the study, torque analyses were utilized to answer questions about how torque components were differed among various elbow-wrist coordination patterns. Methods: Eight self-reported right-handed college students (3 males and 5 females, mean age=20.6 yr) were volunteered. The task required participants to rhythmically coordinate the flexion-extension motions of their elbow and wrist with coordination relationship of $0^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, and $180^{\circ}$relative phases between the two joints. Mean relative phase and phase stability (standard deviation of relative phase) were computed to for analysisze of overall coordination performance. To determine the figure out characteristics of torque components in elbow and wrist joints, impulse values of muscle torque (MT) and interactive torque (IT) and MT as a percentage of cycle duration (MT-PCD) were analyzed. Results: Torque results showed that the proximal elbow joint generated motions with mainly muscle efforts regardless of coordination patterns, while the distal wrist joint adjusted the coordination patterns by changing amount of MT. Impulse analyses showed that the least stable $90^{\circ}$ pattern was performed by utilizing a similar coordination strategy of the most stable $0^{\circ}$ pattern. Conclusion: The present current study suggests that the roles of distal and proximal joints differ in order to achieve various multi-joint coordination movements. This study provides information for use in gives an idea to development of rehabilitation or training programs for to persons with an impaired upper limb motor ability.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.105-113
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of a multi agent obesity control program in obese school children. This program was composed of strategies to modify diet and exercise habits and to change cognitive behavior variables(stress, coping, and self-efficacy). Method: The subjects were 40 obese school children who participated in our project voluntarily via homepage, TV, newspaper, public paper and school official documents. The program was implemented daily for 4 sessions per day for ten days from August 16 to 26, 2004. The daily program consisted of exercise therapy, dance therapy, cognitive behavior therapy and aroma therapy. The data was analyzed by paired t-test using the SPSSWIN program. Result: There was a significant decrease in children's waist-hip ratio(p=.04) and in children's stress(p=.00) after the program. There was a significant increase in children's self-confidence after the program(p=.02) and a significant decrease in children's diet habit after the program(p=.02). Conclusion: This study provides evidence that a multiagent obese control program is effective in changing waist-hip ratio, stress, self-confidence, and diet habits in obese school children.