• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.469-479
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• 2018

The present research study utilizes a multi-objective optimization method for Pareto optimization of an eight-degree of freedom full vehicle vibration model, adopting a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). In this research, a full set of ride comfort as well as ride safety parameters are considered as objective functions. These objective functions are divided in to two groups (ride comfort group and ride safety group) where the ones in one group are in conflict with those in the other. Also, in this research, a special optimizing technique and combinational method consisting of weighted sum method and Pareto optimization are applied to transform Pareto double-objective optimization to Pareto full-objective optimization which can simultaneously minimize all objectives. Using this technique, the full set of ride parameters of three dimensional vehicle model are minimizing simultaneously. In derived Pareto front, unique trade-off design points can selected which are non-dominated solutions of optimizing the weighted sum comfort parameters versus weighted sum safety parameters. The comparison of the obtained results with those reported in the literature, demonstrates the distinction and comprehensiveness of the results arrived in the present study.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.57-61
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• 2005

The objectives of this study are to illustrate an alternative housing type responding to the social requirements and customers' needs, to suggest the improvement plan for the related laws and regulations through survey of the actual condition for housing buildings such multi have been raised in classification due to that the existing law systems including the current use classification of residential buildings have been defined unclearly. Especially, various social problems have yielded in line with emergence of the housing type which is not legally classified as residential however used for the living purpose practically. Current zoning planning and related law system have rigidity. So, It is required to introduce a flexible classification system which protects the residential environment based on the housing purpose, function and habitability and provides correspondence between residence and ownership/management method. The legal classification system should be revised in a way that the housing use classification corresponds with the zoning system through breakdown of the use classification system

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.423-432
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• 2014

Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) is applied for solving Combined Economic Emission Dispatch (CEED) problem with valve-point loading of thermal generators. This CEED problem with valve-point loading is a nonlinear, constrained multi-objective optimization problem, with power balance and generator capacity constraints. The valve-point loading introduce ripples in the input-output characteristics of generating units and make the CEED problem as a nonsmooth optimization problem. To validate its effectiveness of NSGA-II, two benchmark test systems, IEEE 30-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems are considered. To compare the Pareto-front obtained using NSGA-II, reference Pareto-front is generated using multiple runs of Real Coded Genetic Algorithm (RCGA) with weighted sum of objectives. Comparison with other optimization techniques showed the superiority of the NSGA-II approach and confirmed its potential for solving the CEED problem. Numerical results show that NSGA-II algorithm can provide Pareto-front in a single run with good diversity and convergence. An approach based on Technique for Ordering Preferences by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is applied on non-dominated solutions obtained to determine Best Compromise Solution (BCS).

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.679-681
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• 2003

The objectives of this research are as follows. First, to investigate methods for a national-scale land cover map based on multi-temporal classification of MODIS data and multi-spectral classification of Landsat TM data. Second, to investigate methods to p roduce ecological zone maps of Korea based on vegetation, climate, and topographic characteristics. The results of this research can be summarized as follows. First, NDVI and EVI of MODIS can be used to ecological mapping of the country by using monthly phenological characteris tics. Second, it was found that EVI is better than NDVI in terms of atmospheric correction and vegetation mapping of dense forests of the country. Third, several ecological zones of the country can be identified from the VI maps, but exact labeling requires much field works, and sufficient field data and macro-environmental data of the country. Finally, relationship between land cover types and natural environmental factors such as temperature, precipitation, elevation, and slope could be identified.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.130-139
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• 2014

Objectives : This is a clinical report on a 27-year-old patient with Multi-patched Alopecia Areata(AA) assumed to be occurred by chronic lymphadenopathy, and treated by oriental medicine treatment. Methods : The patient was treated by herb medication and acupuncture. The improvement of the patient was judged by magnifying glass, camera and VAS scale. Results & Conclusions : The AA patches were shown the regrowth of hair. And the pain from lymphadenopathy was disappeared. Oriental medicine treatment including Gagamsunbangpaedok-tang $(Ji\bar{a}ji\check{a}nxi\bar{a}nf\acute{a}ngb\grave{a}id\acute{u}-t\bar{a}ng)$ was effective to regrow hair on AA patches and reduce the symptom of lymphadenopathy as well.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

Numerical optimization for design of a blade stacking line of a low speed axial flow fan with a fast and elitist Non-Dominated Sorting of Genetic Algorithm(NSGA-II) of multi-objective optimization using three-dimensional Navier-Stokes analysis is presented in this work. Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations with ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model are discretized with finite volume approximations and solved on unstructured grids. Regression analysis is performed to get second order polynomial response which is used to generate Pareto optimal front with help of NSGA-II and local search strategy with weighted sum approach to refine the result obtained by NSGA-II to get better Pareto optimal front. Four geometric variables related to spanwise distributions of sweep and lean of blade stacking line are chosen as design variables to find higher performed fan blade. The performance is measured in terms of the objectives; total efficiency, total pressure and torque. Hence the motive of the optimization is to enhance total efficiency and total pressure and to reduce torque.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.75-95
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• 2018

Objectives: This study aims to examine a school adjustment trajectory of adolescents from continued single parent families and its associated factors by comparing it to that of adolescents of two-parent families. Methods: We selected 4th grade students from Korean Youth & Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS). Using a multi-level growth modeling, we followed the trajectory of school adjustment until 9th grade and the effects of family income, parenting styles, and academic motivations of adolescents on the intercepts and the slopes. Results: Adolescents' school adjustment were decreased from 4th grade to 7th grade and then increased from 7th to 9th grade. The adolescents of continued single parent families showed a lower school adjustment than those of two parent families and this trend remained constant during the period. The effects of family income, parenting style, and academic motivation were confirmed to explain the gap between the adolescents of single parent and two parent families. Conclusions: The results imply that an earlier intervention is necessary to reduce the gap. We need to offer income support and decent quality of work for single parent family to reduce the economic hardship and also provide parental education that is designed to enhance academic expectations and motivations.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2023

Objectives : Network pharmacology-based research is one of useful tool to predict the possible efficacy and molecular mechanisms of natural materials with multi compounds-multi targeting effects. In this study, we investigated the functional underlying mechanisms of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (AM) on its anti-obesity effects using a network pharmacology analysis. Methods : The constituents of AM were collected from public databases and its target genes were gathered from PubChem database. The target genes of AM were compared with the gene set of obesity to find the correlation. Then, the network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.9.1. and functional enrichment analysis was conducted to predict the most relevant pathway of AM. Results : The result showed that AM network contained the 707 nodes and 6867 edges, and 525 intersecting genes were exhibited between AM and obesity gene set, indicating that high correlation with the effects of AM on obesity. Based on GO biological process and KEGG Pathway, 'Response to lipid', 'Cellular response to lipid', 'Lipid metabolic process', 'Regulation of chemokine production', 'Regulation of lipase activity', 'Chemokine signaling pathway', 'Regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes' and 'PPAR signaling pathway' were predicted as functional pathways of AM on obesity. Conclusions : AM showed high relevance with the lipid metabolism related with the chemokine production and lipolysis pathways. This study could be a basis that AM has promising effects on obesity via network pharmacology analysis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.42-50
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of female infertility patients who come to Korean medicine clinics and analyze the trends of Korean medicine treatment methods and the effects of female infertility by registry data. Methods: We are recruiting study participants from Korean medicine hospitals and clinics. If female infertility patients come, we will ask them to register for this study. After enrollment, we will collect demographic information, treatment methods, pregnancy results, adverse events, and treatment costs. Result: First, we will analyze the characteristics of patients, the status of the use of Korean medicine treatment interventions, the cost status of Korean medicine infertility treatment, and the delivery characteristics of pregnant women after Korean medicine treatment. Second, we will analyze the effectiveness of Korean medicine treatment. The primary outcome is clinical pregnancy rate, and secondary outcomes are 12-week pregnancy maintenance rate, degree of dysmenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome, stress level, and health-related quality of life score. Discussion: This study is the first observational multi-center study in Korea for female infertility. By establishing the registry, we are creating a resource that contains patient-reported outcome measures for female infertility. The registry is expected to provide valuable data for developing Korean medicine Clinical practice guidelines for female infertility.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.335-352
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• 2023

When solving multi-objective optimization problems, the blindness of the evolution direction of the population gradually emerges with the increase in the number of objectives, and there are also problems of convergence and diversity that are difficult to balance. The many- objective optimization problem makes some classic multi-objective optimization algorithms face challenges due to the huge objective space. The sine cosine algorithm is a new type of natural simulation optimization algorithm, which uses the sine and cosine mathematical model to solve the optimization problem. In this paper, a knee-driven many-objective sine-cosine algorithm (MaSCA-KD) is proposed. First, the Latin hypercube population initialization strategy is used to generate the initial population, in order to ensure that the population is evenly distributed in the decision space. Secondly, special points in the population, such as nadir point and knee points, are adopted to increase selection pressure and guide population evolution. In the process of environmental selection, the diversity of the population is promoted through diversity criteria. Through the above strategies, the balance of population convergence and diversity is achieved. Experimental research on the WFG series of benchmark problems shows that the MaSCA-KD algorithm has a certain degree of competitiveness compared with the existing algorithms. The algorithm has good performance and can be used as an alternative tool for many-objective optimization problems.