• Title/Summary/Keyword: Multi-Authority

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The Secure Password Authentication Method based on Multiple Hash Values that can Grant Multi-Permission to a Single Account (단수 계정에 다중 권한 부여가 가능한 다중 해시값 기반의 안전한 패스워드 인증 기법 설계)

  • Hyung-Jin Mun
    • Journal of Industrial Convergence
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    • v.21 no.9
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    • pp.49-56
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    • 2023
  • ID is used as identifying information and password as user authentication for ID-based authentication. In order to have a secure user authentication, the password is generated as a hash value on the client and sent to the server, where it is compared with the stored information and authentication is performed. However, if even one character is incorrect, the different hash value is generated, authentication will be failed and cannot be performed and various functions cannot be applied to the password. In this study, we generate several hash value including imaginary number of entered password and transmit to server and perform authentcation. we propose a technique can grants the right differentially to give various rights to the user who have many rights by one account. This can defend shoulder surfing attack by imaginary password and provide convenience to users who have various rights by granting right based on password.

A Study on the Foul of Propeller Accident in The Sea - Theoretical Review of Drone-Based Hyperspectral Imaging for Floating Objects - (해양에서의 부유물 감김 사고에 대한 고찰 - 부유물 식별을 위한 드론기반 초분광 이미징 이론적 검토 -)

  • Shin-Baek Kang
    • Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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    • v.48 no.4
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    • pp.261-266
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    • 2024
  • As the number of passenger ship users increases each year, the importance of traffic safety for passenger ship routes is becoming more prominent. A passenger ship is a multi-use vessel frequented by numerous individuals, and special attention to safety is imperative. To prevent and mitigate large-scale damage, preparedness for marine traffic accidents is crucial. Although significant efforts are being made to reduce accidents caused by floating objects in the ocean, such incidents have not significantly decreased. This study presents the results of a theoretical review on the technology for identifying floating objects using hyperspectral cameras. The effectiveness and usability of drone technology were also assessed. Additionally, the functionalities of polarization filters and hyperspectral cameras were evaluated. The study concluded that hyperspectral imaging technology is applicable for identifying floating objects and that future research should measure the degree of light reflection at sea level and further explore the inherent light wavelength emissions from these objects.

Analysis of Impacts of Aggressive Driving Events on Traffic Stream Using Driving and Traffic Simulations (주행 및 교통 시뮬레이션을 이용한 공격운전이 교통류에 미치는 영향 분석)

  • PARK, Subin;KIM, Yunjong;OH, Cheol;CHOI, Saerona
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.169-183
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    • 2018
  • Aggressive driving leads to a greater crash potential because it threatens surrounding vehicles. This study conducted traffic simulation experiments using driving behavior data obtained from multi-agent driving simulations. VISSIM traffic simulator and surrogate safety assessment model (SSAM) were used to identify the impacts of aggressive driving on traffic stream in terms of safety and operational efficiency. Market penetration rates (MPR) of aggressive driving vehicle, coupled with various traffic conditions, were taken into consideration in analyzing the impacts. As expected, it was identified that aggressive driving vehicles tended to deteriorate the traffic safety performance. From the perspective of operational efficiency, interesting results were observable. Under level of service (LOS) A, B, and C, it was observed that the average travel speed increased with greater MPRs. Conversely, the average travel speed decreased with under LOS D and E conditions. The outcome of this study would be effectively used for developing safety-related policies for reducing aggressive driving behavior.

Schemes for Constructing the System of Environmentally Friendly Agri-policy Governance (친환경농업정책 분야의 거버넌스 체계 구축방안)

  • Kim Ho;Heo Seung-Wook
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.159-177
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    • 2006
  • Governance systems are basically an autonomous cooperation type among the government, civil society and market, also a new paradigm for efficient and democratic administration of policies. The governance mainly consists of the central operating body, institutions, operating principles and so on. The constituents are the nation(government), civil society(NGO) and market(firm). Institutional conditions are a legitimate base, financial stability and independency. And as a operating principle, governance systems have common goals and issues from a national and social point of view. This governance has been recently emerged due to financial risk of government, diffusion of new liberalism going with the globalization, localization-decentralization, and development of civil society and information-oriented society. We have to grope fur the framework of participatory agri- policy confronting globalization and localization as well as developing our agriculture and rural village. This agri-policy governance should be theoretically focused on policy network or self-organizing network or multi-lateral governance (MLG) based on NPM. Also, it is proper to have connection of nation-central type and civil society-central type. And it is necessary to have a MLG type with local governance corresponding to localization and decentralization. Governance should have the type whose participants have authority and responsibility as well. Basic directions of environmentally friendly agri-policy governance are as follows : first, its purposes are constructing the democratic and efficient framework of participatory environmentally friendly agri-policy based on consensus of all the related groups, embodying environmentally friendly agri-policy adjusted to local field, raising farmer's real interest, and improving their position. Second, its form should have a council or an agreement system, not an advisory or a consultation organ. Thus, public sector(eg. government) and voluntary sector(eg. farmers' organization) jointly execute agricultural policy and are responsible together. Environmentally friendly agri-policy governance is mainly made up of farmers' organization, cooperative and civil society(NGO). And secondary bodies are agribusinesses and academic groups. Government interacts with the main bodies on administrative execution. And environmentally friendly agri-policy governance has MLG type with a central unit, province and county units. Environmentally friendly agri-policy governance has several main functions such as agri-policy partnership, speaking for farmer's rights and interests, investigation and research on domestic and foreign agricultural streams, and etc. Especially, local unit will play roles in activation for regional agriculture, consulting on technique and management, education and training services, services entrusted by government, and so on.

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The Consolidation and Implementation of Green Infrastructure Policy in Urban Spatial Planning - Focused on the London Plan & the All London Green Grid - (그린 인프라스트럭처 정책의 확대와 적용 - 런던플랜과 런던 그린그리드를 중심으로 -)

  • Yoon, Sang-Jun
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.44 no.2
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    • pp.83-95
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    • 2016
  • Strategies for parks and open spaces in the 21st century have moved from focusing on specific elements, such as quantitative growth and ecological and recreational aspects, to green infrastructure, which refers to a multi-functional network of open and green spaces offering a range of benefits. In the case of London, green infrastructure is realised as an integral part of urban infrastructure, involving physical and social infrastructure as well as practical spatial planning at the local level within statutory urban planning as part of a continuously developing green infrastructure framework with a theoretical basis. Taking this perspective, the present study looks at alterations to and developments in green infrastructure policies in the London Plan, the green grid framework as detailed in the city's strategic implementation of green infrastructure. Various trends and characteristics of the policies adopted in the London Plan and some implications are deduced, with three main results being identified. The first is a clear division of roles among the national government, Greater London Authority and borough councils, with local plans established under the guidance of the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) and the London Plan. Green infrastructure policies in the London Plan have been applied at a high rate in the boroughs' local plans, which leads to another, linked point. Secondly, green infrastructure policies and the green grid as an implementation framework have been consistently extended and developed through consolidating the London Plan, despite the change of government. Finally, in order to achieve the London Plan, the Mayor of London implemented policies by partnership and supporting programmes for London boroughs. Recently, the Seoul Metropolitan Authority introduced a parks and green spaces development policy, but the London case remains a good example; this is because green infrastructure policies in London were not a manifesto pledge but rather have been continuously and consistently advanced regardless of party politics and thus realised as long-term planning.

A study of the destructive styles from Contemporary Paintings - Focused on distinguishing enmity-destruction and self-destruction - (현대회화에서 드러난 해체의 형식론에 관한 연구 -타의적 해체와 자의적 해체의 성격규정을 중심으로-)

  • Park Ki-Woong
    • Journal of Science of Art and Design
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    • v.7
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    • pp.5-63
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    • 2005
  • Generally, the meanings of destruction are related in the meaning of demolition, breakdown, into fragments ... and so on, and the similar meanings are twist, crush, demolish, split, cut, into pieces , break up ... etc. Further, it has related in the cruelty and destructive heart which are linked with orgy, Sadism, Necrophilia and so on. The meanings are also expressed by the initial , which are deprivation, deface, defame, deform, degrade, delegitimize, denounce , deride, destroy, devalue, as well as debase, debunk, declaim, declassify, decry, delete, denigrate, deprecate, despise or detract ...and so on. Dario Gamboni has discussed the meaning in his book as two categories Iconoclasm and Vandalism. And the similar meanings could be found in the words which has the initial of , like abase, abate, abhor, abjure, abolish, abridge, abuse ...and so on. Even though the distinct meanings of Iconoclasm and Vandalism, it is not easy to distinguish clearly between the differences when the results are accomplished in contemporary paintings because of the similarity of the results. In korean vocabulary there are no similar words to distinguish between the meanings of destruction and deconstruction, and the deconstruction is not recorded in the general dictionaries. However the meaning of is diminishing, separation, contrast and so on. So the unification of the word as do-construction is not construct, minus construction, reverse construction. And Vincent Ditch explained that there are the meaning of destroy the text. From Jacques Derrida, the deconstruction strategy is to criticise the world of traditional metaphysics and logocentrism, and not to reconstruire the philosophical meaning of texts but $d\'{e}construire$ them. And Saussure emphasized that the signifers could have more meaning that there can be more signified in traditional texts in the art. as a result, deconstruction is explained that there are many signified meanings in a signifer. In this thesis , from using the meanings of destruction and deconstruction, to distinguish the expressive skills in contemporary art works are arising. Therefore, special methods which are linked in the destruction styles are selected. As a result, the two different purposes of destruction is arising, one is enmity destruction and the other is self destruction another word, auto destruction or destruction to create The enmity destruction can be distinguished by the two category Iconoclasm and Vandalism. They come from the moment of different historical aspect is arising and want to attack the Icon or masterpiece this concept is from the study of John Philips and especially iconoclasm is linked with religious and artistic heart, but Vandalism is come from the political attack. Sometime, this distinguish is not clearly arising, because the two aspects are co-related in the attack. As a result, firstly, the Iconoclastic controversy had arisen in the methods of Dadaism which has developed by Man Ray, Francis Picabia and Marcel Duchamp. They want to attack the pre-established master-pieces and painting spaces, and they had 'non-artistic attitude' not to be art. Since 1980, the German artist Anselm Kiefer adapted the methods and made them his special skills so he had tried to paint tough brush strokes and draw with hugh pallette image line and fire and water images , they can be the image attack as the Iconoclasm. secondly, the model of vandalism is to be done by hammer, drill, canon and so on. the method is to attack the content of painting. Further, the object of destruction is bound by cords and iron lings to demolish or to declare the authority of pre-statues; it symbolize the pre-authority is gone already. Self-destruction based paintings are clearly different in the purpose of approaching the art work. First of all, they can be auto-destruction, creative destruction and metamorphosis destruction, which is linked with the skill the material aspect and basic stature, and sign destruction or signifier destruction, which is link with the inner meaning destruction that is considered as the Semiotical destruction in post-modern paintings. Since 1960, the auto destruction is based on the method of firing, melting, grinding and similar skills, which is linked with Neo-Dada and reverse-assemblage. Metamorphosis destruction is strongly linked with the basic inner heart price and quality, so it can be resulted in the changedness of expectation and recognition. Tony Cragg has developed the skills to metamorphose the wood as stone or iron as cloth and stone as sponge and rubber and so on. The researcher has developed the same style in the series of since 2003. The other self-destructive methods are found in the skill of sign destruction. In the methods the meaning of the art is not fixed as one or two, but is developed multi-meaning and differ from original starting situation, so Jacques Derrida called the difference meaning in deconstruction. It is the destruction of textes. These methods are accomplished by David Salle, Francesco Clemente, and recently Tracy Emin, who has developed the attacking heart in the spectators' emotion. Sometime in the method of self-destruction, it is based on horror and shock, the method is explored by Demian Hirst and Jakes and Dinos Chapman. Their destructive styles stimulate ambivalent heart and destroy original sign of girl and animals.

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Comparison of apical extrusion of intracanal bacteria by various glide-path establishing systems: an in vitro study

  • Dagna, Alberto;El Abed, Rashid;Hussain, Sameeha;Abu-Tahun, Ibrahim H;Visai, Livia;Bertoglio, Federico;Bosco, Floriana;Beltrami, Riccardo;Poggio, Claudio;Kim, Hyeon-Cheol
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.316-323
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    • 2017
  • Objectives: This study compared the amount of apically extruded bacteria during the glide-path preparation by using multi-file and single-file glide-path establishing nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary systems. Materials and Methods: Sixty mandibular first molar teeth were used to prepare the test apparatus. They were decoronated, blocked into glass vials, sterilized in ethylene oxide gas, infected with a pure culture of Enterococcus faecalis, randomly assigned to 5 experimental groups, and then prepared using manual stainless-steel files (group KF) and glide-path establishing NiTi rotary files (group PF with PathFiles, group GF with G-Files, group PG with ProGlider, and group OG with One G). At the end of canal preparation, 0.01 mL NaCl solution was taken from the experimental vials. The suspension was plated on brain heart infusion agar and colonies of bacteria were counted, and the results were given as number of colony-forming units (CFU). Results: The manual instrumentation technique tested in group KF extruded the highest number of bacteria compared to the other 4 groups (p < 0.05). The 4 groups using rotary glide-path establishing instruments extruded similar amounts of bacteria. Conclusions: All glide-path establishment instrument systems tested caused a measurable apical extrusion of bacteria. The manual glide-path preparation showed the highest number of bacteria extruded compared to the other NiTi glide-path establishing instruments.

A Diagnostic Study of Teachers' Safety Education Activities in Early-child Care Centers: Based on the PRECEDE Model (유아교육기관 교사의 안전교육 실시와 관련된 교육적 진단요인: PRECEDE 모형을 근간으로)

  • Park, Hee-Jeong;Lee, Myung-Sun
    • Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.19-32
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    • 2005
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine teachers' safety education activities to determine the significant educational diagnosis variables and to identify their needs of safety education in early-child care centers based on the PRECEDE model. Methods: A total of 304 teachers in early-child care centers participated in this study selected by a multi-stage stratified sampling method considering 11 regions in Seoul, Korea. Self-report type questionnaires were posted to all teachers in 220 early-child care centers by ground mailing service and the 304 teachers completed the questionnaires. The participants' responses were anonymously coded into and analyzed in SPSS program. Results: 'Scratch or bite' was the most frequent accident type(78.3%) and the frequent accident places were 'classroom(88.8%)' and 'playground(67.8%)'. The most frequently conducted safety education activities were 'reminding children their safe behaviors at the beginning and the end of daily class' and the next was 'saving a special time for safety education.' For educational diagnosis factors, related to safety education activities, teachers' safety education activity was more frequent when teachers' safety knowledge was high(p<.001), when teachers had good application skills of their knowledge to their teaching activities(p<.001), when they had strong needs on safety training opportunities(p<.05), and their interests on safety education(p<.001). For enabling factors, class preparation by safety education guide-book review(p<.001), by development of educational materials(p<.001), and by search for the related reference (p<.001), and by participation to safety education training programs for teachers(p<.01) were the significant enabling factors on teachers' safety class activities. For the reinforcing factors, the center-wide support of safety education brochures to children (p<.001), the concerns of centers utilizing safety education specialists(p<.001), and the concerns about safety information collection out of centers(p<.001) were significant factors related with teachers' safety education activities. Conclusions: The significant educational and institutional factors on teachers' safety education activities were teachers' concerns on safety education, their interests on safety knowledge, and the strong concerns on child safety education from the centers.

Estimation of Groundwater Storage Change and Its Relationship with Geology in Eonyang Area, Ulsan Megacity (울산광역시 언양지역의 지하수 저류 변화량 산정 및 지질과의 관련성)

  • Kim, Nam-Hoon;Hamm, Se-Yeong;Kim, Tae-Yong;Cheong, Jae-Yeol;An, Jeong-Hoon;Jeon, Hang-Tak;Kim, Hyoung-Soo
    • The Journal of Engineering Geology
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.263-276
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    • 2008
  • In diverse hydrogeologic fields, estimation of groundwater storage change is one of the most critical issues. Accurate estimation methods for determining groundwater storage change are required more and more. For Yeonyang area of Ulsan Megacity, groundwater storage change was estimated by using water balance method and hydrogeological analyses. The estimates of groundwater storage change was 240 mm corresponding to 18.7% of mean annual precipitation. Direct runoff was calculated as 137 mm (10.6% of mean annual precipitation) by using SCS-CN method. Evapotranspiration based on the Thornthwaite method was calculated as 776 mm (60.5% of mean annual precipitation). Hydraulic properties of the soil types do not show any distinct relation with hydraulic conductivity of the rocks. This fact suggests that hydraulic property on the surface is different from that of subsurface geology. According to multi-linear regression analysis between groundwater storage change and hydraulic parameters, a regression equation of groundwater storage change, which was explained by precipitation and evapotranspiration, was established.

Comparative Studies of Thermal Insulation Performance of Life Vests by Numerical Analysis and Experiment (보온 재료에 따른 구명 조끼 별 단열성능의 비교 실험 및 해석)

  • Kim, Sung-Chan;Lee, Kyung-Hoon;Hwang, Se-Yun;Jang, Ho-Sang;Lee, Jang-Hyun
    • Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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    • v.40 no.1
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    • pp.7-14
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    • 2016
  • Although the life jacket can provide the buoyance with the drowner, heat loss can make the drowned individual be subject to the hypothermia. In this study, The thermal insulation of two types life jacket including inflatable and foam type were evaluate by both experiments and numerical analysis. To estimate the thermal resistance of the jackets, experiments on the heat flux were conducted by the thermal manikin exposed to cold water. Heat flux loss on the surface of thermal manikin were measured for both foam and inflatable type life jacket. Also, finite element method is applied to a body section in order to understand the level of hypothermia of each life jacket. The segmental of human thigh is represented by a multi-layered section which considers the heat conduction within tissue, bone and fat. As a result, the thermal resistance and hypothermia time of each jackets have been compared based on the finite element analysis. It was found that the insulation ability of suggested life jackets is better than that of conventional type.