• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.216-219
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• 2000

A field study was carried out to compare the performances of mulching with recycled paper, oil-treated paper and urea-coated paper in spring season potato culture. Soil temperature, weed occurrence, and the growth and yield of potato (cv. Sumi) were compared with unmulched control. The average soil temperatures at 5cm soil depth during the first 10 days after planting were 18.9$^{\circ}C$, under paper mulch and 20.6$^{\circ}C$, under oil-treated paper mulch, being lower 0.8$^{\circ}C$ and higher 1.2$^{\circ}C$, respectively, than unmulched control. Paper mulch lowered maximum soil temperature by 4.6$^{\circ}C$, on a fine day, while oil-treated paper mulch elevated it by over 6.6$^{\circ}C$, Urea-coated paper was decomposed fester than the mulch paper without urea coating. The former was decomposed 50% by 80days after mulching, but the later only 20%. In all mulch treatments, weeds were effectively controled throughout the potato growing season. The percent emergence of potato was not different significantly among treatments. However, a little lower emergence and poor early growth were observed under oil-treated paper mulch because of higher soil temperature. Except oil-treated paper mulch, the paper mulches with and without urea coating showed no difference in growth and yield of potato from the unmulched control. The growth and yield performances were poorest under oil-treated paper mulch. Oil-treated paper mulch would result in difference growth and yield performances if potato is planted earlier than April IS in the present experiment. Further researches are needed for this aspect.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1989.10a
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• pp.48-49
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• 1989

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.210-215
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• 2007

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.360.2-360.2
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• 2007

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.472-500
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• 1996

Researches on mineral nutrition, physiology and phyrsiological diseases, . cultivaction methods. brceding. pest control quality management and extension during 1976-1995 in Korea were reviewed Review in brceding and pest control was restricted to the researches directely related to cultivaction. Mineral nulrient up take. partion and varicos factors such as top dreasing. Light intersity etc. and interrelationship between minerals were investigated. Top dressing was not effective due to low minera1 requorement Physiological characteristics on tempelature light and water were well elucidated and applied to assess traditional cultivation method and its inovation. Photosyrnthetic pigments. light harvest proteins and activity of related enzymes were studied. In nitrogen metabolism arginine, praline, ammonium, threonine appeared to have important role in re growth of shoot Saponin metabolism was studied in relation to growth and new ginsenosides were found but physiological role of saponin was not clearly elucidated yet Endogenous growth regulators were reported and various erogenous growth regulators were studied for growth stimulation. short stem and seed pruning etc. Various physiological diseases were investigated for cause and control measures were established. Water culture was little studied Forest culture was studied but not retched the recommendable stage Drip irrigation straw mulching. seasonal shading and soil preparation method including soil fertility adjustment were established for practical application. Shading materials completely changed to polyethylene net and materials of polymers The research on ginseng cultivation in paddy field opened the way to establish the permanent ginseng cultivation plantation Ginseng harvester and seeder were developed in the late 1950s. Transplanted and many other machines were developed in the early 1990s. In ginseng breeding only pure line selection was of practical significance several verities were at the stage of seed propagation at ginseng plantations. Mutation breeding (${\gamma}$-ray. X-ray chemicals) was not successful. The research on plantlet formation through tissue culture was a little progressed but still far behind to vegetative propagation. Disease control research was concentrated in the isolation and identification of pathogans. their ecological charactelistics and biological control and soil humigation. Potato root rot nematodes was found and control method was established. Insect and small animal control research was greatly progresses in identification, ecological investigation, and ecological and physical control. Weed control was less important due to the development of mulching method of ridge and ditch. Quality factors of raw ginseng in relation to red ginseng process were extensively studied. Traditional quality measures were elucidated in accordance with modern analytical chemistry resulting in the importance of peptides in the centrat part rather than ginsenosides For large root production growth promoting rootzone micrcorganisms (PGPRM) were isolated and active compounds were identified. Field test on PGPRM was on going. Varictus methods formality improvement through cultivation were developed. Management research of ginseng production was rare Extension was active throuch official and private organizations and through workshop for the extension specialists, and direct lectures to grower's. Extension services made the researcher to understand the existing problems at grower's fields. Research environment for ginseng production was in prime time only for three years when Korea Ginseng Research Institute was established then gradually aggravated.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.281-285
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• 1998

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of recycled paper mulch on weed occurrence and the growth and yield of rice in dry-seeded paddy field. Mulch papers with basis weight of 105, 110, 115g/$m^2$ were fabricated from recycled corrugate container. It took about 80 days after mulching for the mulch papers to reach 50% decomposition, showing no significant differences among types of mulch paper. Paper mulching was very effective in controlling the paddy weeds at early stage of rice growth, but the efficacy of weeds control decreased a little at late season. However the efficacy was still higher than the plot using herbicide. The paper mulch plot showed rice yield similar to the weed control plot using herbicide. It could be concluded that paper mulch can be used as an alternative for non-herbicidal weed control and ensure as high yield as the conventional weed control method using herbicide in dry-seeded rice field.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.106-108
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• 2010

This survey was conducted to investigate effect of covering with polyvinyl ($120{\times}90cm$) on incidence of Phytophthora blight and anthracnose and growth. Early growth of pepper plant was superior when was covered with polyvinyl after planting. Incidence of anthracnose and Phytophthora blight was lower 26.9% and 60.3% in covering system than those in conventional culture system, respectively. A yield of dried red pepper was more 48.5% in cultured with covering system than that in conventional culture system.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.325-331
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• 2013

This experiment has been carried out to determine optimal culture conditions for the production of cut flowers and tubers of Calla (Zantedeschia 'Golden Affair' and 'Black Magic') in highlands. Treatments consisted of various levels of root zone environments, Results are as follows: Calla 'Golden Affair' were grown with different mulching materials such as Non-mulching, Black film, reflective film, Rice hull. Mulching materials resulted in no difference in the number of cut flowers but flower length was highest in reflective film. Calla 'Black Magic' were treated with various soil water content, soil type and watering time. Number of cut flowers and flower quality were greatest when the plants were watered at -80 kPa soil water content. No symptoms of soft rot (Erwinia carotovora) was observed at this soil water content. The occurrence of soft rot was observed with similar percentage according to soil type and the soil water content. When Calla 'Black Magic' were watered at the time of soil surface drying, growth was greater compared to others. Air temperature and PPF affected plant growth and photosynthesis. Photosynthetic rate was greatest at $25^{\circ}C$ and PPF $200{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, while lowest at $28^{\circ}C$ and PPF $800{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$. Soft rot did not occur without regard to dipping treatment (0, 5, 10, 24, 48 hours) when the day and night temperature were maintained at $25^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.667-673
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• 2011

There is relatively high vulnerability of soil erosion in slope highland agriculture due to a reclamation of mountain as well as low surface covering in early summer season with high rainfall intensity time. The aim of this study was to evaluate various surface covering methods for reducing soil loss in highland radish cultivation in highland. The experiment was conducted in 17% sloped lysimeter ($2.5m{\times}13.4m$) with 8 treatments including covering with cut rye, sod culture of rye, Ligularia fischeri var. spiciformis Nakai, Arachniodes aristata Tindale, Aster koraiensis Nakai, Festuca myuros L. and mulching with black polyethylene film, and runoff water, eroded soil and radish growth were investigated. Surface covering with sod culture and plant residue, especially cut rye treatment, had lower runoff water than non-covering, whereas black polyethylene film mulching had the reverse. The amount of eroded soil was also lowest in cut rye treatment, $0.3Mg\;ha^{-1}$, and increased in the order of rye sod culture, Ligularia fischeri var. spiciformis Nakai, Aster koraiensis Nakai, Festuca myuros L., Arachniodes aristata Tindale, black polyethylene film, and non-covering, $68.2Mg\;ha^{-1}$. The results showed that surface covering with sod culture or plant residue could be effective for reducing runoff water and soil erosion in the radish field, significantly in cut rye treatment. On the other hand, in sod culture of rye, Aster koraiensis Nakai and Ligularia fischeri var. spiciformis Nakai, radish yields were lower than in the non-covering. Unlike this, covering with cut rye, sod culture of Festuca myuros L. had similar radish yield to the non-covering radish yield. In conclusion, covering with cut rye and sod culture of Festuca myuros L. were beneficial for reduction of soil loss without decreasing in radish yield in highland sloped fields.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.191-197
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• 1984

This study was conducted to investigate the flowering habit for the botanical types of peanut (Arachis hypogaea. L) in cultural limiting region. Eight peanut varieties pertaining to virginia, Spanish, Valencia, Shinpung type were used in this study. Shinpung type, a new erect type was developed at Crop Experiment Station, ORD. Appearance of the first flower of peanut plants is observed at a relatively early growing stage. Number of days to first flower were 41 days under vinyl-mulching while non-mulching culture took 55 days. Number of days to first flower were delayed in order of Valencia, Spanish, Shinpung, Virginia type. Flowering durations were distinguished among botanical types and days of those were Virginia 85-93, Spanish 101-105, Valencia 106-113, Shinpung 82-88 days, respectively. The Spanish and Valencia types produced more flowers than Virginia and Shinpung types. The maximum flowering stage of Shinpung and Virginia types reached early and ceased by one cycle, while Spanish and Valencia types came late and showed maximum stage through the early and late stage during the growth stage. By vinyl-mulching, the maximum flowering stage was shortened by 20 days than that of non-mulching. Distribution of flowers for each of branch positions to total flowers occupied 52-53% in two cotyledonary branchs, 23-27% in 3rd to 5th branchs, 20-25% in over. 6th branchs. Shinpung type was considered more favorable botanical type than the other types for the breeding of early maturing high yielding variety because of shortening of days to first flower, flowering duration and distribution of lower branch of effective flowers.