• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 2015

To investigate seasonal (summer and fall) daily movement of Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis that inhabit in upper part of the Nakdong River, we attached radio tags to seven individuals (summer: BL1-2; fall: BL3-7) and monitored them at an interval of 2 h. The survey results revealed that the average movement distance per day (m) (${\pm}SD$) of B. l. tsinlingensis was $182.4{\pm}79.2m$, and most of the individuals migrated within 1 km as their habitat boundary. The maximum movement distance per day (m) and the home range (m) during summer season were $550.5{\pm}75.5m$ and $649{\pm}53m$, respectively, compared to $283.8{\pm}55.1m$ and $186{\pm}32m$ during fall season. From these findings, it can be inferred that B. l. tsinlingensis exhibits seasonal changes in the distance of daily movement; however, it generally covers short distances without leaving the habitat boundaries during both seasons. The seasonal daily movement of B. l. tsinlingensis established in this study is expected to be useful in preserving their population.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2017

This paper proposes a method of user authentication through the patterns of arm movement with a wrist-type wearable device. Using the accelerometer sensor which is built in the device, the 3-axis accelerometer data are collected. Then, the collected data are integrated and the periodic cycle are extracted. In the cycle, the features of frequency are generated with the accelerometer. With the frequency features, 2D Gaussian mixture are modelled. For authenticating an user, the data(the accelerometer) of the user at some point are tested with confidence interval of the Gaussian distribution. The model showed a valuable results for the user authentication with an example, which is average 92% accuracy with 95% confidence interval.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.11-36
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• 1989

Mandibular movements are guided mainly by three determinants, namely the two posterior controls (the Temporomandibular joints) and the anterior control (the incisal guidance). The aim of this study was to evaluate the incisal guide angle in effort to reconcile a patient's condylar guide angle and incisu guide angle, to develop criteria for incisal guidance in clinical practice. 48 subjects (male 33, female 15) with intact intercuspation, without past history and symptoms of stomatognathic system, were selected for this study. All of the subjects had not anterior prostheses. The sagittal condylar guide angles and incisal guide angles were measured and estimated statistically by cephalogram and articulator (Whip-Mix 8500A). The results of this study were as follows: 1. Average of condylar guide angle was 43.33 degree by cephalogram, and was 35.18 degree by articulator. 95% confidence interval was from 40.43 to 46.23 degrees in cephalogram and was from 32.98 to 37.38 degrees in articulator. 2. Average of incisal guide angle was 51.51 degree by cephalogram, and was 44.11 degree by articulator. 95% confidence interval was from 49.12 to 54.95 degrees in cephalogram and was from 40.67 to 47.56 douses in articulator. 3. Difference between condylar and incisal guide angle was 8.18 degree by cephalogram, and was 8.94 degree by articulator. 95% confidence interval was from 4.61 to 11.74 degrees in cephalogram and was from 4.90 to 12.98 degrees in articulator. 4. In case of the incisal guide angle steeper than condylar guide angle, subjects were 69% (33 of 48) in cephatogram and 75% (36 of 48) in articulator. 5. By the multiple regression equation, condylar guide angle was more influenced by the anterior teeth. 6. When the mandible protrudes from the intercuspal position to the edge to edge position the incisal linear movement was 4.18mm (S.D.:1.30mm) and the condylar linear movement was 4.38mm (S.D.:1.26mm).

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.41-49
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• 2007

BCI system integrates control or telecommunication system with generating electric signals in scalp itself after signal acquisition. This system detect a movement of EEG at real time, can control an electron equipment using a generated signal through EEG movement or software-based processor. In this paper, we deal with removing and separating artifacts induceced from measurement when brain-computer interface system that analyzes recognizes EEG signals occurred from various mental states. In this paper, we proposed a method of EEG classification and an artifact interval detection using bisection mathematical modeling in the EEG classification process for BCI system implementation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.29 no.6 s.237
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• pp.711-721
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• 2005

In order to design of emergency ventilation systems, the smoke movements in tunnel fire with natural and forced ventilation were investigated. Reduced-scale experiments were carried out under the Froude scaling with novel fire source consisting many wicks. Temperature profiles were measured under the ceiling and vertical direction along the center of the tunnel and poisonous gases were measured at emergency exit point in the natural ventilation case. In forced ventilation, temperature profiles were measured with various flow rate to obtain critical velocity. The results showed that the interval of emergency exit having 225m was estimated reasonably through the measurements of temperature variation and poisonous gas in the natural ventilation. In the case of forced ventilation, the temperature distribution near fire source is remarkably different from that of natural ventilation. Also, the critical velocity to prevent upstream smoke flow has the range of 0.57m/s between 0.64m/s. Finally, it was also identified that although the increase of flow rate can suppress the backward flow of smoke to upstream direction, brings about the increase of flame intensity near stoichiometric fuel/air ratio.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.11-17
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• 2005

Along the Ulsan Fault System, many Quaternary faults have been reported and investigated with outcrop observation and trench excavation to clarify the neotectonic movements and fault parameters such as length, displacement, slip rate and recurrence interval. In the northern part of the Ulsan fault system, we have interpreted small scale(1:10,000) aerial photographs and extracted lineaments by geomophological features to select trench site. After precise field survey and tracing for lineaments, two trench sites at Galgokri, Gyeongju were selected on the lineament to elucidate the fault movement history. One is successful in finding faults but the other is not. In the Galgok-Chisil trench(3m(w) x 1.5m(d) x 10m(l)), very closed two Quaternary faults cut the alluvial deposits of which age shows about 10-3ka. More than three times of fault movements can be inferred by geologic structures and C-14 dating. Repeatedly fault movements had been occurred before 10 ka, between 10ka-4.9 ka, between 4.9-1.4 ka at Galgok-Chisil trench section.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.84-92
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• 2013

Blinds are a common type of shading device and are increasingly operated automatically to overcome the limitations of manual operation. Automated blinds need to be controlled to maximize benefits of daylight in the point of occupant comfort and energy consumption. However, the previous control methods could cause occupant's distractions by the undesirable control time interval and amount of blind movement. A few researches suggested the control concept for minimizing occupant's distractions by automatic blind control, but they did not provide optimal control algorithm to be useful in practice. In this paper, we propose an optimal control algorithm for automated blinds that can maximize not only visual comfort but also sunlight penetration into buildings based on occupants' preferences on blind movement and sunlight. The proposed control algorithm can prevent solar glare on workplane and minimize occupant's distractions to maximize occupants' visual comfort.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.201-207
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• 2007

Researchers have used a variety of methods to measure patterns of animal movement, including the use of spatial data (mapping the position of a moving animal at specified intervals) and direct estimation of travel path length by pacing under a moving animal or group. I collected movement data from five groups of siamangs (Symphalangus syndactylus) using two different methods concurrently to estimate the effects of the method of data collection on estimates of daily path length (DPL). Estimates of DPL produced from spatial data collected at 15-minute intervals were 12% lower than estimates of DPL produced by pacing under the traveling animal. The actual magnitude of the difference was correlated with the travel distance, but there was no correlation between the proportional difference and the travel distance. While the collection of spatial data is generally preferable, as spatial data permit additional analyses of patterns of movements in two or three dimensions, the relatively small difference between the DPL's produced using different methods suggests that pacing is an acceptable substitute where the collection of spatial data is impractical. I also subsampled the spatial data at increasing time intervals to assess the effect of sampling interval on the calculation of daily path lengths. Longer sampling intervals produced significantly shorter estimates of travel paths than shorter sampling intervals. These results suggest that spatial data should be collected at short time intervals wherever possible, and that sampling intervals should not exceed 30 minutes. Researchers should be cautious when comparing data generated using different methods.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2021

This study aimed to verify the criteria of the driver monitoring systems proposed by UNECE ACSF informal working group and the ministry of land, infrastructure, and transport of South Korea using driving behavior data. In order to verify the criteria, we investigated the safety regulations of driver monitoring systems in a conditional autonomous vehicle and found that the driver monitoring measures were related to eye blinks times, head movements, and eye closed duration. Thus, we took two different experimental data including real-world driving and simulator-based drowsy driving behaviors in previous studies. The real-world driving data were used for analyzing blink times and head movement intervals, and the drowsiness data were used for eye closed duration. In the real-world driving study, 52 drivers drove approximately 11.0 km of rural road (about 20 min), 7.9 km of urban road (about 25 min), and 20.8 km of highway (about 20 min). The results suggested that the appropriate number of blinks during the last 60 seconds was 4 times, and the head movement interval was 35 seconds. The results from drowsy driving data will be presented in another paper - part 2.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.218-223
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• 2009

During the process of excavation for substructures of buildings, precise and constant measurements of retaining wall displacement is crucial for construction to be complete and safe. Currently an inclinometer is used to measure displacement around the perimeter of an excavation site. The existing inclinometer system requires an instrument to be placed inside pre-bored holes for each measurement with an typical interval of two weeks. This makes it difficult to obtain continuous displacement data, especially during a critical time such as rainy season in summer. Also, the existing inclinometer is placed at certain distance away from the retaining wall system itself. Thus, exact measurement of retaining wall movement is compromised because of the distance between the retaining wall and the inclinometer. This paper presents the development of wireless inclinometer system for the displacement measurement of retaining walls by being attached directly to the retaining wall. The result of the application of the developed systems are provided with advanced ubiquitous sensor network (USN) system features. The USN technique incorporated into the system enables users to monitor movement data from wherever possible and convenient such as construction manager's office on site or any other places connected through internet. The research work presented in this paper will provide a basis to save construction time and cost by preventing safe-related unexpected delay of construction due to the failure or collapse of retaining walls.