• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1047-1062
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• 2009

Nowadays, ethical consumers are increasing and they consider social values such as worker's human rights, environment and animal's welfare as key criteria in purchasing products. This study focused on the academic and practical research of ethical consumption, in which the needs and interests are now growing globally. This study addressed the concept, trend and practices of ethical consumption as well as seeking methods to support and promote ethical consumption. It examined the concept and types of ethical consumption from the perspective of the philosophy on ethical consumption. Ethical consumption was defined as a behavior that intended to improve the environment and the welfare of people and animals by purchasing products produced according to sound ethical principles and avoiding products that are made through the exploitation or the damage of people, animals and the environment. It also dealt with the practices of ethical consumption such as the fair trade movement, Clean Clothes Campaign, boycott, local food movement, animal's welfare movement. In conclusion, I suggested that consumers, companies, governments, and NGOs should make an effort to promote ethical consumption.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.227-237
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• 2013

In Jeju Island, red sea bream is mainly caught by long line with a live squid as bait. The movements of artificial jigs in the fishery are supposed to be an important factor for catching the target organism as well as bait. To develop new fishing method for long line fishery, movements of the bait which was squid were tried to be characterized. In a water tank experiment, a live squid was hooked by a fish hook attached to a model long line. And then movements of squids in the water tank were recorded for 20 minutes by a video camera. Recorded movement of the squid was just periodically up-and-down moving, with a dominant frequency of 0.125Hz, and amplitude of 10.8cm.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to know how visual-field obstruction from fire smoke influences a resident's necessary time to reach fire escape and evacuation movement in a high-rise apartment housing. Generally, fire smoke not only gives visual-field obstruction and breath troubles to residents but interrupts their evacuation behavior. If a fire smoke layer is formed in the core department when evacuee enters at the evacuation staircase until, residents will be made to undergo a range of vision obstacle. In order to set a situation like that, participants wore eye bandage which had been made especially before the experiment. Also as a comparative standard, through no.1442 Japanese construction ministry notices about the building evacuation safety verification method, this study calculated smoke layer's dissent time and evacuation time. Then to compare with the former, the participants without an eye bandage joined a experiment once again. This study has understood how fire smoke effects on one's evacuation delay by analyzing residents' evacuation time to reach the staircase and movement route, however, in this study a toxic gas is not considered because it might threaten participants not to breathe.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2014년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.219-221
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• 2014

The objective of this paper is to simulate the dynamic behavior of a floating structure model, using image processing and close-range photogrammetry, instead of the contact sensors. Previously, the movement of structure was presented through the exterior orientation estimation of a single camera by space resection. The inverse resection yields the 6 orientation parameters of the floating structure, with respect to the camera coordinate system. The single camera solution is of interest in applications characterized by restriction in term of costs, unfavorable observation conditions, or synchronization demands when using multiple cameras. This article discusses the theoretical determinations of camera exterior orientation based on Direct Linear Transformation and photogrammetric resection using least squares adjustment. The proposed method was used to monitor the motion of a floating model. The results of six degrees of freedom (6-DOF) by inverse resection show that the appropriate initial values by DLT can be effectually applied in least squares adjustment, to obtain the precision of exterior orientation parameters. Additionally, a comparison between the close-range photogrammetry and total station results was feasibly verified. Therefore, the proposed method can be considered as an efficient solution to simulating the movement of floating structure.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.1443-1451
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• 2012

This study aims to investigate the gaze patterns of two expert and two novice teachers in one hour of lecture type class. Teachers recruited from the same middle school conducted the class each, wearing an eye-tracker. Gaze rate and gaze movement pattern were analyzed. The scene where teachers faced in the classroom was categorized into three zones; student zone, material zone, and non-teaching zone. Student zone was divided into nine areas of interest to see the gaze distribution within the student zone. Expert teachers showed focused gaze on student zone while novice teachers' gaze rate was significantly higher at the non-teaching zone, compared to expert teachers' one. Within student zone, expert teachers' gaze spread to the rear areas, but novice teachers' one was narrowly resided in the middle areas of the student zone. This difference in gaze caused different eye movement pattern: experts' T pattern and novices' I pattern. On the other hand, both teacher groups showed the least gaze rate onto the left and right front areas. Which change is required to teachers' gaze behavior and what must be considered in order to make effective teacher gaze in the classroom setting were discussed.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2019

Background: This study aimed to examine whether the combination of low-dose ketamine and propofol in deep sedation is clinically useful in controlling the behavior in intellectually disabled patients who are typically extremely noncooperative during dental procedures. Methods: A total of 107 extremely noncooperative intellectually disabled adult patients were analyzed. In all patients, deep sedation was performed using either propofol alone (group P) or using a combination of propofol and 0.2 mg/kg or 0.4 mg/kg ketamine (groups PK0.2 and PK0.4, respectively). The procedures were performed in the order of insertion of nasal cannula into the nostril, attachment of mouth gag, and mouth cleaning and scaling. The frequency of patient movement during the procedures, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation, recovery time, discharge time, and postoperative nausea and vomiting were examined. Results: The three groups were significantly different only in the frequency of patient movement upon stimulation during single intravenous injection of propofol and scaling. Conclusion: For propofol deep sedation, in contrast to intravenous injection of propofol alone, prior intravenous injection of low-dose ketamine (0.4 mg/kg) is clinically useful because it neither affects recovery, nor causes side effects and can suppress patient movement and vascular pain during procedures.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.67-82
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• 1994

본 연구에서는 강 함유재에 의한 점토에서의 전단강도 증가를 예측하기 위하여 직접전단하에서 힘의 한계평형에 근거한 보강점토 모델이 제안되었다. 본 모델은 함유재의 방향과 길이, 함유재와 점토사이 부착응력 및 함유재의 이동에 따른 흙의 수동저항력이 보강점토의 거동에 미치는 영향을 고려하였다. 이론적인 예측과 비교검토하기 위하여 개폐된 전단박스로 구성된 직접전단 장치를 이용하여 직접전단시험을 실시하였다. 또한 함유재와 점토사이의 부착응력을 산정하기 위하여 인발실험을 실시하였다. 시험결과 보강점토의 전단응력의 증가 또는 감소는 함유재의 방향과 점토의 함수비와 관련되어 있음을 알았다. 이론적인 예측과 시험결과를 비교한 결과 본 이론적인 모델은 함유재의 방향과 함유재의 이동에 따른 흙의 수동 저항력이 보강점토의 역학적인 거동에 미치는 영향을 비교적 잘 예측 해주고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.451-466
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• 2006

DOM 시추코어에서 측정된 불연속면의 위치 및 방향성 자료를 이용하여 현장암반의 구조적 특성을 고려한 사면거동 해석이 가능하였다. 3차원 공간에서 설정된 절리들의 위치에 의거하여 붕락 현상이 발생된 개착사면의 추가적인 파괴양상을 예측하였으며, 개별 절리면의 붕락위해 가능성과 개착면 상에서의 trace 위치를 파악하여 세부적인 사면거동 양상을 파악하였다. 개착사면 횡단면에서 개별절리들의 파괴거동 양상과 사면체 블록형성을 대수학적으로 산출하여 사면 붕락심도를 규명하였다. 현장사면에 자동화 계측시스템을 설치하여 사면 거동에 대한 계측자료를 수집하였으며, DOM 시추공 내에 지중경사계를 설치하여 사면거동 양상을 횡단면 해석 결과와 대비시켜 분석하였다. 지중경사계를 이용하여 측정된 개착면의 표면변위 자료에 의거하여 사면 파괴시기를 예측할 수 있는 방법론을 고찰하였으며, 강우가 사면거동에 끼치는 영향성을 분석하였다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2010

강관합성말뚝은 외부 강관의 합성 구속효과에 의해 말뚝강도가 커지고, 연성파괴 거동이 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 해상 지반에 근입된 무리말뚝에 대하여 말뚝재료의 항복거동 및 지반의 탄소성 거동을 함께 고려할 수 있는 3차원 수치해석을 수행하여 하중-변위 거동 및 강관합성말뚝의 보강효과를 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 강관, 콘크리트, 강관합성말뚝에 대하여 각각 말뚝간격, 말뚝직경 그리고 재하방향을 달리한 변수연구를 수행하였다. 그 결과 수직방향지지력의 경우 강관합성말뚝은 강관말뚝과 비교하여 평균 90% 큰 것으로 나타났고, 콘크리트 말뚝에 대하여는 평균적으로 동일하게 나타났다. 그러고 허용변위 기준에서의 수평방향 지지력의 경우 강관합성말뚝은 강관말뚝보다 평균 50%, 콘크리트 말뚝보다 평균 22% 더 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.409-424
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• 2023

Response of the pipeline crossing fault is considered as the large strain problem. Proper estimation of the pipeline response plays important role in mitigation studies. In this study, an advanced continuum modeling including material non-linearity in large strain deformations, hardening/softening soil behavior and soil-pipeline interaction is applied. Through the application of a fully nonlinear analysis based on an explicit finite difference method, the mechanics of the pipeline behavior and its interaction with soil under large strains is presented in more detail. To make the results useful in oil and gas engineering works, a continuous pipeline of two steel grades buried in two clayey soil types with four different crossing angles of 30°, 45°, 70° and 90° with respect to the pipeline axis have been considered. The results are presented as the fault movement corresponding to different damage limit states. It was seen that the maximum affected pipeline length is about 20 meters for the studied conditions. Also, the affected length around the fault cutting plane is asymmetric with about 35% and 65% at the fault moving and stationary block, respectively. Local buckling is the dominant damage state for greater crossing angle of 90° with the fault displacement varying from 0.4 m to 0.55 m. While the tensile strain limit is the main damage state at the crossing angles of 70° and 45°, the cross-sectional flattening limit becomes the main damage state at the smaller 30° crossing angles. Compared to the stiff clayey soil, the fault movement resulting 3% tensile strain limit reach up to 40% in soft clayey soil. Also, it was seen that the effect of the pipeline internal pressure reaches up to about 40% compared to non-pressurized condition for some cases.