• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.215-227
• /
• 1994

Rock Mass classifications have been developed in many European countries. The most widely used classification methods are the Rock Mass Rating (RMR) system proposed by Bieniawski(1973) and the Q-system developed By Barton et al. (1974). These methods are also adopted at many mountain tunnels and subway sites in our country. Here, a geomechanical classification for slopeds in rock, the "Slope Mass Rating"(SMR) is presented for the preliminary assessment of slope stabiliyt. This method can be applied to excavation and support design in the front part of tunnel and cutting area as a guide line and recommendation on support methods which allow a systemmetic use of geomechanical classification for rock slopes.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2016

Areas around of National Park have been severed eco-corridor of wildlife due to urban expansion and development. Habitats have been fragmented into small pieces. Habitat fragmentation reduces the biodiversity of organisms because the exchange loss and inbreeding of wild fauna and flora. The main cause of the fragmentation of ecological networks in areas around of Moodeungsan National Park are are that the cemetery, cutting of mountain, roads, public parking lots, mountain encroachment by land, urban infrastructure, electric transmission towers, urban area. Area around of National Park must be equipped with ecological networks through an ecological design that can communicate with each other in the national park and urban areas.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.23-33
• /
• 2020

An advancing cutting roof for gob-side entry retaining with no-pillar mining under specific geological conditions is more conducive to the safe and efficient production in a coalmine. This method is being promoted for use in a large number of coalmines because it has many advantages compared to the retaining method with an artificial filling wall as the gateway side filling body. In order to observe the inner structure of the gateway cutting roof and understand its stability mechanism, an equivalent material simulation experiment for a coalmine with complex geological conditions was carried out in this study. The results show that a "self-stabilization bearing structure" equilibrium model was found after the cutting roof caving when the cut line deviation angle was unequal to zero and the cut height was greater than the mining height, and the caving roof rock was hard without damage. The model showed that its stability was mainly controlled by two key blocks. Furthermore, in order to determine the optimal parameters of the cut height and the cut line deviation angle for the cutting roof of the retaining gateway, an in-depth analysis with theoretical mechanics and mine rock mechanics of the model was performed, and the relationship between the roof balance control force and the cut height and cut line deviation angle was solved. It was found that the selection of the values of the cut height and the cut line deviation angle had to conform to a certain principle that it should not only utilize the support force provided by the coal wall and the contact surface of the two key blocks but also prevent the failure of the coal wall and the contact surface.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2006

Changes in the soil physical property and the topographic condition derived from agricultural activities like as farming activities, land clearance and cutting down resulted in environmental and economic problems including the outflow of nutrient from farms and the water pollution. Several theories on the soil conservation have been developed and reviewed to protect soil erosion in the regions having a high risk of erosion. This study was done using the USLE model developed by Wischmeier and Smith (1978), and model for the slope length and steepness made by Desmet and Govers (1996), and Nearing (1997) to evaluate the potential of the soil erodibility. Therefore, several results were obtained as follows. First, factors affecting the soil erosion based on the USLE could be extracted to examine the erosion potential in farms. Soil erodibility (K), slope length (L), and slope steepness (S) were used as main factors in the USLE in consideration of the soil, not by the land use or land cover. Second, the soil erodibility increased in paddy soils where it is low in soil content, and the very fine sandy loam exists. Analysis of the slope length showed that the value of a flat ground was 1, and the maximum value was 9.17 appearing on the steep mountain. Soil erodibility showed positive relationship to a slope. Third, the potential soil erodibility index (PSEI) showed that it is high in the PSEI of the areas of steep upland and orchard on the slope of mountainous region around Dokjigol mountain, Dunji mountain, and Deummit mountain. And the PSEI in the same land cover was different depending on the slope rather than on the physical properties in soil. Forth, the analysis of land suitability in soil erosion explained that study area had 3,672.35ha showing the suitable land, 390.88ha for the proper land, and 216.54ha for the unsuitable land. For unsuitable land, 8.71ha and 6.29ha were shown in fallow uplands and single cropping uplands, respectively.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.18-35
• /
• 2000

The most dominant type of landslide in Korea is debris flows which mostly take place along mountain slopes during the rainy season, July to August. The landslides have been reported to begin activation when rainfall is more than 200mm within 2days. The debris flows are usually followed by translational slips which occur upper part of mountain slopes and they transit to debris flow as getting down to the valleys. Lithology, location, slope inclination, grain size distribution of soil, permeability, dry density and porosity have been proved as triggering factor causing translational slides. The triggering data taken from mapping are statistically analysed to get landslide potential quantitatively. Rock mass creeps mostly occur on well bedded sedimentary rocks in Kyeongsang Basin. Although the displacement of rock mass creep is relatively small about 1m, the creep can cause severe hazards due to relatively large volume of the involved rock mass. Examples are rock mass creep occurred in the mouth of Hwangryongsan Tunnel, in Chilgok and in Sachon in 1999. Although the direct factor of the creeps are due to slope cutting at the foot area, more attention is required A rotational slide occurring within thick soil formation or weathered rock is also closely related to bottom part of slope cutting. It is propagated circular or semi-circular type. Especially in korea, the rotational slide may be frequently occurred in Tertiary tuff area. Because they are mainly composed of volcanic ash and pyroclastic materials, well developed joints and high degree of swelling and absorption can easily cause the slide. The landslide among the Pohang-Guryongpo national road is belong to this type of slide.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2003.03a
• /
• pp.529-536
• /
• 2003

In domestic case occurrence of cut slopes according to construction and expansion of road is necessary more than 70% of country has been consisted of mountain area. In the case of Kang-won Do, there are much mountains locals in road wiping away a disgrace and expanded and slant is connoting collapse danger of incision side by each kind calamity being urgent. When route alteration enforces disadvantageous road extension, stability examination and processing way about large slope happened are serious. During road extension work in the Kang-won DO secure stability for falling rock of road slope and failure that happen and established suitable reinforcement and countermeasure in reply in necessity. The Slope is divided rock slope and soil slope, and then in order to analysis soil slope apply LEM theory. And rock slope examined stability about stereographic projection and wedge failure. Is going to utilize in reinforcement and failure prevention if it is efficient cutting as reinterpreting stability and secure stability and wish to consider effective and robust processing plan of great principle earth and sand side, and present countermeasure inside with these data hereafter applying suitable reinforcement countermeasure about unstable section.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2005.03a
• /
• pp.725-730
• /
• 2005

In case of the national roads which is opened in the past, there are carried out the expansion and improvement for enlargement of the traffic demand by industrial development and safety road operation to narrow of road width and serious change of the road alignment with effect of topography and graphical features of a mountain. A protection method using vegetation in the cut-slope has been constructed for harmony of ambient environment after cutting the slope recently. But it requires a study because the surface lose and the failure have been occurred in the large cut-slope which is covered by vegetation. In this study it was presented a countermeasure and examined a stability of contained uncertainty in the cut-slope according to the failure example of the cut-slope which is covered by vegetation. The additional research will be necessary against the development of the investigation technique which executes the stability investigation of the cut-slope which is covered by vegetation.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.183-196
• /
• 1996

The purposes of this study were to review the effects of textiles production on the environment, and to investigate the environmental consciousness and environmental preservation behavior of textile producers. This study was conducted by reference analysis and empirical research. To develope theoretical framework of dimensions of environmental behavior, references concerned were analyzed. And for empirical study, researcher developed a questionnaire based on the free writing by producers and references. The questionnaire included problems about environmental consciousness, environmental behavior, demographic variables, and environmental variables. 135 questionnaires were used for final data analysis. ANOVA and factor analysis were used. The results were as follows: First, the level of global environmental problem consciousness was relatively high. The conscious level of water pollution caused by the waste water from textile mills was the highest, and that of desertation of mountain caused by timber cutting was the lowest. The effects of textile dyers and finishers on the environment were the highest, and that of designers were the lowest. Second, the results of reference analysis showed that the dimensions of textile producers environmental behavior were resource and energy saving, solid waste reduction, and green product production. And the results of empirical study were resource and energy saving, resource reuse or recycling, solid waste reduction, and green product production, and total variances was 62.3%. The practice was the lowest. Third, global environment problem consciousness, environment problem consciousness caused by the textile life-cycle concerned, and clothing seperate-collection or not at residing place were effective on environmental behavior, and 52.45% of environmental behavior was explained with above variables.

• Fourth Industrial Review
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2023

Purpose - In Korea, where 64% of the land is forested, mountaineering is a leisure activity enjoyed by the majority of the people. As new technologies named the 4th industrial revolution spread more after the Covid-19 pandemic, we propose a human and technology convergence curriculum for mountaineering and trekking education to enjoy safety in the field of mountaineering and trekking using cutting-edge technology. Research design, data, and methodology - After examining the current state of the mountaineering industry and preceding studies on mountaineering and camping, and learning about BAC the 100 famous mountains, mountaineering gamification, and Gamification We designed an AI convergence curriculum using. Result - Understanding the topography and characteristics of mountains in Korea, acquiring mountaineering information through AI convergence, selecting mountaineering equipment suitable for the season, terrain, and weather, setting educational goals to safely climb, and deriving term project results. A total of 15 A curricula for teaching was proposed. Conclusion - Artificial intelligence technology is applied to the field of mountaineering and trekking and used as a tool, and it is expected that the base of mountaineering will be expanded through safe, efficient, fun, and sustainable education. Through this study, it is expected that the AI convergence education curriculum for mountaineering and trekking will be developed and advanced through several studies.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.1260-1265
• /
• 2009

Topographical features in South Korea is characterized that 70% of territory is composed of the mountains that can experience intense rainfall during storms in the summer and autumn. Efficient planning and management of landscape becomes utmost important since the cutting slopes in the mountain areas have been increased due to the limited construction areas for the roadway and residential development. This paper proposed an efficient way of slope management for the landslide risk by developing Web-GIS landslide risk management system. By deploying the Logistic Regression Analysis, the system could increase the prediction accuracy that the landslide disaster might be occurred. High resolution survey technology using GPS and Total-Station could extract the exact position and visual shape of the slopes that accurately describe the slope information. Through the proposed system, the prediction of damage areas from the landslide could also make it easy to efficiently identify the level of landslide risks via web-based user interface. It is expected that the proposed landslide risk management system can support the decision making framework during the identification, prediction, and management of the landslide risks.