• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to examine relationships between breakfast skipping and ecological factors related to eating practice. Participants were 537 children (male: 274, female: 263) from two elementary schools in Kyunggi-do (School A) and Seoul (School B). Analysis included cross-tabulation of demographics, factors related to eating practice and weight status, frequency of breakfast skipping and types of breakfast and the number of foods at breakfast by schools. Logistic regression were conducted to identify the factors associated with breakfast skipping. Children in school B showed higher socioeconomic status by living environment and the type of fathers' job than those in school A. Eighty six percent of children in school B and 75% in school A ate breakfast 5 times and more per week. School and father's occupation differences correlated with the frequency of breakfast, but not mother's employ status was not. After controlling school. type of father's job, mother's employ status, eating breakfast 5 times and more was associated with eating with other family members, feeling hungry before breakfast, normal weight status, eating Korean traditional meal type and number of food eaten at breakfast. The results stress the need for intervention programs aimed at decreased skipping breakfast among elementary school children. While programs need to reach all children skipping breakfast, approaches need to be suitable to in particular those from low socioeconomic backgrounds.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the health habit forming of children to develop health education area in children's education. For the purpose, 330 children with 175 boys and 155 girls ranging of 4 to 6 in the ages were selected as subjects. The methods of study are used by questionaries of DA KAENG Social Achievement Scale with 50 items in 5 areas. Statistical process was used ANOVA, t -test, coefficiency through SPSS. The results were as follows ; 1) The study showed that the score of health habits of 50 items were lower than score of standard value of DA KAENG type of social Achievement Scale. 2) There were coefficiency with 5 health habits area each other. 3) The score of boys were higher than girls score without signifficant differences level in health habit forming. 4) The area of excreting habit, neating habit, and clothing habit forming were effected by ages with signifficant difference among the those of health habit forming areas. 5) The study indicated that mother's job were not effect to health habit forming for children. 6) The excreting habit, neating habit and clothing habit forming among the health habits were effected by socia-economics status of home. 7) The factors of enrollment of preschool, father's job and mother's age were not effect to health habit forming for children.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.53-73
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• 2017

Objective: This study intended to examine whether working mothers' job satisfaction has a moderating effect on the relationship between their parenting stress and second childbearing intention. Methods: The subjects were 202 working mothers in Seoul and Gyeonggi province, all of who had a single child under 36 months old. Working mothers' parenting stress, job satisfaction and second childbearing intention were assessed with questionnaires completed by the mothers. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan test, Pearson's correlation, and moderator regression analysis. Results: First, a significant difference was revealed in the mothers' second childbearing intention depending on the type of their child's main caregiver. The second childbearing intention of the mothers who relied on babysitters to care for their children was lower than that of the mothers whose mothers, mother-in-laws or child care teachers cared for their children. Secondly, working mothers' parenting stress and job satisfaction significantly affected their second childbearing intention. Thirdly, the mothers' job satisfaction moderated the relationship between their parenting stress and second childbearing intention. Conclusion/Implications: It is necessary to provide working mothers with social support for enhancing their job satisfaction and alleviating their job stress, in order to increase their second childbearing intention.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.542-555
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• 1998

This study was conducted to assess the nutrient intake patterns among urban and rural adolescents and to investigate the effects due to parent's socioeconomic status and other factors, such as mother's job, family type and regular exercise on that pattern. 2,455 middle and high school students living in Seoul and Yangpong, Kyounffi-Do participated in a self-administered questionnaire that was used to collect data. The one-day dietary intake was surveyed through a 24-hour recall method. The factors significantly different between urban and rural adolescents according to monthly income, parent's education level, mother's job, family type and exercise. Income, the parents' education level and regular exercise were associated with the patterns of nutrient intakes as a percent of the RDA. So, when adjusted for parental income, the father's and mother's education level and regular exercise, there were no signifcant differences within the patterns of nutritional intake between urban and rural adolescents. The results provided the information regarding the determinants of nutrient status among adolescents and were expected to be helpful for planning school health promotion programs.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.47-57
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• 1994

The purposes of this study are to serve s$ the bsaic data for the guidance and the dffective preparation of children's room and the children's residing environment in addition, by grasping generally the residential consciousness of children and the consciousness of children's room. For these purposes, the data were collected by using questionnare distributed to 214 5th grade elemantary school children living in Taegu. The data were analyzed using frequency, perecntile, anova, duncan's test, regression analysis. The major findings of this research are as follow: 1. It was found that many children wanted to have their own room because they are quiently able to study without being disturbed in their study. And it is shown that they were generally satisfied with the their own room. 2. There were significant differences in the consciousness of their own room according to the independent variables such as mother's age, father's job, the numbers of room. 3. The residential consciousness of children was variable according to father's age, mother's employment, the order of birth, income, the conditions of housing possession, parent's educational level, housing style, the numbers of room. 4. The mother's employment, father's educational level, the conditions of housing possession, the numbers of room, family numbers were significantly related to the evaluation of their own room. 5. Among the domains of the evaluation of their own room. the degree of width and the degree of convenience were variable to have influence on the satisfaction of their own room

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.236-242
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional knowledge and dietary behaviors of middle school students according to their mother's employment status. Of all 453 subjects, 52.1% were boys, and 67.5% of the mothers were employed. The total score of nutritional knowledge was 8.0 out of 10 for students with a non-working mom and 7.7 for those with a working mom, showing no significant difference. Among the 20 nutritional knowledge questions, correct answer rates for "lots of fruits may be eaten because of not gaining weight" (72.6% vs. 81.6%, p<0.05) and "eating raw carrots is better than eating fried ones with oil" (34.6% vs. 44.9%, p<0.05) were significantly higher in students with a working mom. The regularity of meals showed a significant difference according to the mother's employment, indicating that responses of "very regular" (62.4% vs. 72.1%) were high among students with a non-working mom and responses of "skipping breakfast" (31.4% vs. 19.7%) were higher in students with a working mom (p<0.05). The number of snacks a day was also significantly different according to the mother's employment, showing that 12.8% of the students with a working mom and only 3.4% of them with a non-working mom did not eat snacks at all (p<0.05). These results reveal no significant difference in middle school students' nutritional knowledge according to their mother's employment status; however, the students whose mother had a job were more likely to have more undesirable dietary behaviors such as irregular meals and snacking.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.39-52
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to compare the economic burden and cost of child rearing, mainly between families with job-holding mothers and job-exit mothers. The sample consisted of 665 mothers with at least one child aged one year or less from the 2009 Panel Study on Korean Children. We found social capital reduced the child rearing costs for both job-holding and job-exit mothers, while community resources significantly reduced the costs of child rearing only for job-holding mothers. Based on these results, implications for family policy for families with young children are suggested.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate mothers' reactions to their children's negative emotions. The subject were 145 children(three to six-year-olds) and the instruments were Coping with Children's Negative Emotions Scale by Eisenberg(1992) and Temperament Rating Scale by Chun(1992). The main results were as follows； First, mothers, in general, used more positive reactions than negative reactions when their children showed negative emotions. Mothers' education, job, family type and income affected mothers' type of reactions to their children's negative emotions. Mothers' reactions to their children's negative reaction emotions were associated with their children's temperament but not with their children's age, sex and birth order.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.162-177
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of obesity and dietary self-efficacy scale and to identify factors that affect obesity in upper-grade elementary school students. Methods: A total of 458 fifth to sixth grade elementary school students in Seoul and Chuncheon city, and rural areas of Gangwon Province, were included in this study. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA, and logistic regression. Results: The results revealed significant differences in the obesity region, perceived body image, experience of weight loss, family member of mother's age, mother's job and father's job between 'not obesity group' and 'obesity group'. The logistic regression analysis revealed that obesity was related with gender, region, and perceived body image. Conclusion: Gender, region, and perceived body image showed a relationship with obesity in upper-grade elementary school students. Thus, to develop obesity management program for upper grade elementary school students, we should be considered the gender, region, and perceived body image should be considered.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.310-319
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• 2007

Purpose: This study intends to investigate gender role identity and egalitarianism consciousness among adolescents and to determine the relationship between the two factors. Method: Data were collected from 376 middle and high school students in U City. Tools used were the Korean Sexual Role Identity (Kim, J. H., 2005) and the Gender Egalitarianism Consciousness among Adolescents (Kim, 2002). Data were analyzed using SPSS 12.0 for t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: There was no significant difference between boys and girls in sender role identity. Boys' gender role identity was different according to school grade (t=-3.19, p= .00), frequency of mother's hugging (t=-2.28, p= .02) and girls' according to religion (t=-2.24, p= .03) mother's job (F=3.59, p= .02), father's education level (F=3.20, p= .04), mother's education level (F=3.24, p= .04), family harmony (F=7.28, p= .00), and frequency of mother's hugging (t=-2.41. p= .02). There was significant difference in egalitarianism consciousness according to sender (t=-12.70. p= .00) Boys' egalitarianism consciousness was different according to school type (t= .02, p= .00) and father's education level (F=4.97, p= .02), and girls' according to school grade (t=-4.21 p= .00), school type (t=-3.12, p= .00), father's level of education (F=3.78. p= .02), decision maker of important domestic matter (F=4.95, p= .00) and frequency of mother's hugging (t=2.53, p= .01). In Girls, sexual role identity and sender egalitarianism consciousness were significantly correlated with each other (r= .01, p= .04). Conclusion: Through the study, it was found that boys' concern for sexual equality of was remarkably lower than girls. Therefore, it is necessary to offer curriculums for boys and to start social education for parents.