• 한국패류학회지
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.33-43
• /
• 2010

The ultrastructure of germ cells during spermatogenesis and some characteristics of sperm morphology in male Mytilus coruscus, which was collected on the coastal waters of Gyeokpo in western Korea, were investigated by transmission electron microscope observations. The morphology of the spermatozoon has a primitive type and is similar to those of other bivalves in that it contains a short midpiece with five mitochondria surrounding the centrioles. The morphologies of the sperm nucleus type and the acrosome shape of this species have an oval and modified cone shape, respectively. In particular, the axial rod is observed between the nucleus and acrosome of the sperm. The spermatozoon is approximately $45-50{\mu}m$ in length including a sperm nucleus (about $1.46{\mu}m$ in length), an acrosome (about $3.94{\mu}m$ in length) and tail flagellum (approximately $40-45{\mu}m$). The axoneme of the sperm tail flagellum consists of nine pairs of microtubules at the periphery and a pair at the center. The axoneme of the sperm tail shows a 9+2 structure. Some special charateristics of sperm morphology of this species in the genus Mytilus are (1) acrosomal morphology, (2) the number of mitochondria in the midpiece of the sperm, and (3) the existence of a satellite. The axial rod appears in the acrosome and sperm nucleus as one of the characteristics seen in several species of the subclass Pteriomorphia, unlikely the subclass Heterodonta containing axial filament instead of the axial rod. The number of mitochondria in the midpiece of the sperm of this species in the family Mytilidae are five, as one of common characteristics appeared in most species in the family Mytilidae. Most of Mytilus species contain a satellite body which is attached to the proximal centriole in the middle piece of the sperm, as one of common characteristics of sperm morphology in the family Mytilidae.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.103-113
• /
• 1996

The properties of the deposited film depend on the deposition condition and these, in turn depend critically on the morphology and crystal orientation of the films. Therefore, it is important to clarify the nucleation occurrence and growth stage of the morphology and orientation of the film affected by deposition parameters, e.g. the gas pressure and bias voltage etc. In this work, magnesium thin flims were prepared on cold-rolled steel substrates by a thermo-eletron activation ion plating technique. The influence of nitrogen gas pressure and substrate bias voltage on their crystal orientation and morphology of the coated films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The diffraction peaks of magnesium film became less sharp and broadened with the increase of nitrogen gas pressure. With an increase in nitrogen gas pressure, flim morphology changed from colum nar to granular structure, and surface crystal grain-size decreased. The morphology of films depended not only on gas pressure but also on bias voltage, i.e., the effect of increasing bias voltage was similar to that of decreasing gas pressure. The effect of crystal orientation and morphology of magnesium films on corrosion behaviors was estimated by measuring anodic polarization curves in deaerated 3%NaCl solution. Magnesium, in general, has not a good corrosion resistance in all environments. However, these magnesium films prepared by changing nitrogen gas pressure showed good corrosion resistance. Among the films, magnesium films which exhibited granular structure had the highest corrosion resistance. The above phenomena can be explained by applying the effects of adsorption, occlusion and ion sputter of nitrogen gas.

• Elastomers and Composites
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.193-208
• /
• 2004

사출성형된 고분자 블렌드의 형태학적 상구조를 실험 및 이론적인 방법으로 연구하였다. 실험적인 연구로서, 형태학적 상구조에 미치는 사출속도, 사출온도 효과를 조사하였다. 이를 통하여 고분자 블렌드로 제조된 사출성형품에서 두께 위치에 따른 형태학적 상구조 변화를 뚜렷하게 관찰할 수 있었으며, 사출성형품 표면에 분산상이 가늘고 길게 변형되어있는 스킨층, 그안 쪽에 분산상이 다소 크고 변형이 되어있는 서브스킨층 및 사출성형품의 중심에 위치하고 분산상의 변형이 전혀 없는 코어영역이 존재함을 알 수 있었다. 실험적인 연구 결과를 토대로 고분자 블렌드의 사출과정에서 형성되는 형태학적 상구조를 예측하는 계산 알고리듬을 제시하였다. 상업화된 사출성형 해석용 프로그램에서 얻은 유동장 정보와 유동장에서 분산상의 거동에 관한 이론 및 실험식을 조합하여 사출성형된 고분자 블렌드의 형태학적 상구조를 예측할 수 있었다. 제시된 계산 알고리듬으로 사출온도 및 사출속도에 의한 형태학적 상구조의 변화를 잘 예측할 수 있었다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.144-152
• /
• 2004

With technological advances in automatic hematology analyzers, primary and screening differential counts of white blood cells (WBC) are done with automatic hematology analyzers. They are using different measurement and analysis principles, so differences in WBC differentials and WBC morphology flag exist. This study was carried out to analyze WBC differential counts and WBC morphology flags comparing them with the manual method. Patient EDTA samples in Vacutainer requested for WBC differentials were analyzed with XE-2100. And those samples with suspect flags messages index over 100 were selected and were analyzed with ADVIA-120. Peripheral blood smear film was subsequently made. Three investigators counted 200 cells each (600 cells) in 111 Wright-Giemsa stained blood films. Between two automatic hematology analyzers, neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, and monocyte showed good correlations, but basophil had moderate correlation. Among automatic hematology analyzers and manual count, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and eosinophil had good correlations, but monocyte had moderate correlation. XE-2100 had higher monocyte, which was due to atypical lymphocyte and myeloblast. LUC in ADVIA-120 was not due to monocyte in XE-2100. Morphology flagging rates were 146.9% in XE-2100 and was 93.2% in ADVIA-120. Positive predictive values of morphology flag were 58.2% in XE-2100 and 54.4% in ADVIA-120. Flags such as atypical lymphocyte, immature granulocyte, and left shift had higher predictive values and those such as N-RBC, platelets clump, and blast had lower ones. Between automatic hematology analyzers, WBC differentials showed good correlations. Predictive values for morphology flags can be variable with changing criteria. Reviewing criteria for WBC differentials and morphology flags should be established in each laboratory with regards to size of laboratory and patients it serves.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.153-165
• /
• 1997

In male reproducible health, fertility and IVF (in-vitro fertilization), semen analysis has been most important. Semen analysis can be divided into concentration, motional and morphological analysis of sperm. The existing method which was developed earlier to analyze semen concentrated on the sperm motility analysis. To provide more useful and precise solutions for clinical problems such as infertility, semen analysis must include sperm morphological analysis. But the traditional tools for semen analysis are subjective, imprecise, inaccurate, difficult to standardize, and difficult to reproduce. Therefore, with the help of development of microcomputers and image processing techniques, we developed a new sperm morphology analyzer to overcome these problems. In this study the agreement on percent normal morphology was studied between different observers and a computerized sperm morphology analyzer on a slide-by-slide basis using strict criteria. Slides from 30 different patients from the SNUH andrology laboratory were selected randomly. Microscopic fields and sperm cells were chosen randomly and percent normal morphology was recorded. The ability of sperm morphology analyzer to repeat the same reading for normal and abnormal cells was studied. The results showed that there was no significant bias between two experienced observers. The limits of agreement were 4.1%${\sim}$-3.8%. The Pearson correlation coefficient between readers was 0.79. Between the manual and sperm morphology analyzer, the same findings were reported. In this experiments the slides were stained by two different methods, PAP and Diff-Quik staining methods. The limits of agreement were 7.2%${\sim}$-5.7% and 6.0%${\sim}$-6.3%, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients ware 0.76 and 0.91, respectively. The limits of agreement was tighter below 20% normal forms. In the experiments of repeatability, 52 cells stained by PAP and Diff-Quik staining methods were analyzed three times in succession. Estimating pairwise agreement, the kappa statistic for the pairs were 0.76, 0.81, 0.86, and 0.75, 0.88, 0.88 respectively. In this study it was shown that there was good agreement between manual and computerized assessment of normal and abnormal cells. The repeatability and agreement per slide of computerized sperm morphology analyzer was excellent. The computer's ability to classify normal morphology per slide is promising. Based on results obtained, this system can be of clinical value both in andrology laboratories and IVF units.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국막학회 1996년도 춘계 총회 및 학술발표회
• /
• pp.55-56
• /
• 1996

Heterophase polymer system has been attractive for a potential applicability to gas separation membrane material. It has been known that there is a trade-off between gas permeability and its selectivity in common polymers. Therefore, the heterophase polymer can be an alternative for a gas separation membrane material because its transport properties can be readily controlled by blending of two different polymers. The transport properties of immiscible polymer blends strongly depend upon the intrinsic transport properties of corresponding polymers. Another important factor to determine the transport properties is their morphology: volume fraction, size and shape of dispersed phase. Although the effect of the volume fraction of the dispersed phase on the transport properties has been widely investigated, the size and shape effects have been paid attention very much. In an immiscible polymer blend of two polymers, its morphology is primarily controlled by its volume fraction of dispersed phase. Therefore, the effect of the size of the dispersed phase can be hardly seen. Therefore, a block copolymer has been commonly employed to control their morphology when each block is miscible with one or the other phase. In this work, gas transport properties will be measured by varying the morphology of the heterophase polymer membrane. The transport properties will be interpreted in terms of their morphology. The effect of the volume fraction of the PI phase and, in particular, its size effect will be investigated experimentally and theoretically.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.357-364
• /
• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of agitation, aeration and scale-up on the mycelial growth, exo-polysaccharide (EPS) production, and mycelial morphology in the liquid culture of Ganoderma lucidum. A correlation between roughness and operating variables was also studied to scale-up the liquid culture of G. lucidum in a jar fermenter. When the agitation speed or aeration rate increased, the morphological form was changed from rough pellet to smooth pellet form. Increase of the agitation and aeration reduced the mycelial roughness. On the other hand, in the case of pellet size, it was not affected by aeration. The higher EPS production was obtained at approximately 17% of roughness and mycelial pellet size of 3~5 mm. The morphology at each fermenter was closely correlated with kLa value, and it was found that similarity of morphology would be used as a criteria of scale-up for liquid culture of G. lucidum.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.385-392
• /
• 1994

Microwave플라즈마 화학 증착법으로 다이아몬드 박막을 증착하여 morphology변화를 관찰하였다. 기판 온도가 $550^{\circ}C$에서 $750^{\circ}C$로 증가함에 따라 다이아몬드 박막의 표면 morpholoty는 {111}에서 {100}, cauliflower형태로 변화하는 것과 함께, 증착층내의 nondiamond성분이 증가하는 것을 발견하였다. 증착 층 내에 존재하는 nondiamond성분은 다이아몬드 입자의 입계에 분포하고 있음을 마이크로 Raman분석으로부터 추측할 수 있었다. 증착층의 texture orientation 을 X-선 회절 분석기로 확인한 결과, $550^{\circ}C$에서는 증착층의 texture orientation이 관찰되지 않았지만 온도가 증가함에 따라 <100>에서 <110>으로 변화하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다.

• 폴리머
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.707-718
• /
• 2001

폴리프로필렌 (PP)은 낮은 밀도, 우수한 내열성, 내화학성, 가공성과 더불어 재활용이 용이한 플라스틱이다. 하지만 폴리프로필렌의 발포에 대한 연구는 그리 많지 않다. 본 연구에서는 화학적 발포제를 사용하여 발포 폴리프로필렌을 만들고자 하였다. 폴리프로필렌의 가공온도에서 유동성과 발포체의 유연성을 높이기 위해 에틸렌/옥텐 공중합체 (mPE)를 폴리프로필렌에 용융 블렌드하였다. 발포에 앞서 발포체의 발포배율과 셀구조에 미치는 상분리 거동의 영향을 알기 위해 PP/mPE 블렌드 상분리 거동을 조사하였다. PP/mPE 블렌드의 강 거동은 블렌드 조성과 mixing torque ratio, 그리고 mixing rpm에 영향을 받았다. PP 기질에 mPE가 분산상으로 존재하는 블렌드를 발포시켰을 때 높은 배율과 안정한 셀 구조를 가지는 발포체를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.1170-1177
• /
• 1997

모폴로지는 형태를 보존하는 필터로 많이 사용되고 있다. 또한 모폴로지 연산을 다양하게 적용하여 여러 가지 모폴로지 필터를 만들 수 있고 각 필터는 독특한 특징을 가지고 있다. 그리고 모폴로지 필터를 영상 전송 부호화기의 축소 과정에 사용하면 원영상의 형태를 많이 보존할 수 있을 것이다. 본 논문에서는 모폴로지필터와 벡터 양자화를 사용하는 새로운 부호화기를 제안하였다. 먼저 여러가지의 모폴로지 필터를 계층적 전송 방법에 적용하여 가장 효과적인 모폴로지 필터를 선택하였고 선택된 필터를 제안한 부호화기와 계층적 전송 방법에 적용하였다. 그리고 두 가지의 부호화기에 의해 복원된 화질을 비교하는 실험 결과, 제안한 부호화기가 라플라시안 피라미드 방법 보다 특히 복잡한 영상에서 더 우수함을 보이고 있다.