• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 1994

choChorion(egg-shell) morphology of the F1 hybrid between Bombyx mori and Bombyx mandarina has been observed by scanning electrom microscope and chorion protein was analyzed by electrophoresis. The chorion surface structure of F1 hybrids in the lateral(flat) region was similar to that of maternal line. The F1 hybrids chorion was found to have basically a three layer structure. The middle and inner layer were very much like those of the Bombyx mandarina and Bombyx mori. There were many conic pillar structures in the outer layer of the F1 hybrid, which was similar to Bombyx mandarina. This conic pillar structure had a thin cover layer was more clear in the dorsal and ventral side of the F1 hybrid chorion. The conic pillar structure of Bombyx mandarina was found to be dominant in F1 hybrid chorion irrespective of their maternal line. Major components of chorion protein were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and found to have isoelectric points in the range of pH 4.0-6.5 and molecular weight 10 to 50 kd. F1 hybrid chorion protein components related directly to those of the maternal line. The conic pillar structure was dominat characteristic and it was present in all F1 hybrid.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.11-21
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• 2018

This paper explores the structure of space in architecture from a viewpoint that individual unitized spaces are gathered to form the whole. To understand the spatial structure of architecture, firstly we need to understand each unitized spaces, and secondly, one must understand how the following adjacent spaces are connected to form the whole building. this gives salience to a fact that understanding the whole comprehensively. It is the most fundamental bases that must be understood and unitized when understanding the spatial structure of an existing building and designing a new one. It is necessary to hypostatize space as an abstract notion. In regards to this space examines the logical flow of structure within actual space. Hypostasieren process includes the process of shaping space and the shape information. In this process we need to refer to the properties of space and the morphological characteristics of physical elements. The segment of the unitized space is the realization process of the basic space. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for analysis and design of spatial structure by comparing several representative methods of segmenting unitized space.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.389-399
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• 1996

In order to understand the morphological differences between two different organic loadings by its upstream, and to compare with other algal groups with references, the fine structure of blue-green algae, Microcystis aeruginosa Kitzing, taken from two branches, Tongbok and Bosung stream of Lake Chuam, Korea pennisula was examined. It showed extinct differences in most physicochemical factors between both branches, except water temperature and pH values. The concentrations of total phosphorus in Tongbok branch were twice as those of Bosung. M. aeruginosa cells were enumerated totally $1.2X10^4cells/ml$ and these individuals in branch of Tongbok were close to two times as much as Bosung. In light and electron microscopy, natural M. aeruginosa colonies formed irregular shape and non-directional array in amorphous matrix. They were consisted of many kinds of cells, youngs or olds in cell division, solitary, and various size of cells. Each cell ranged from 2.61 to $5.40{\mu}m$ in diameter, and averaged as $3.54{\pm}0.19{\mu}m$. In cytoplasm, they contained a number of inclusions in various size, shape and appearances. Among them, polyhedral bodies or carboxysomes, a structured granules, photosynthetic lamellae or thylakoids, and gas vacuoles were prominent and easy to recognize. Although it was failed to find the definable morphological variations in the ultrastructure of M. aeruginosa in terms of algal habitual environments, some useful characters were founded, outer layer of cell wall, polyhedral bodies and gas vacuoles, in blue-green algal classification and taxonomy.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1288-1294
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• 2013

Knowledge of morphological changes in eel larvae is very important for artificial rearing of eel larvae. In this study, we investigated the morphological structure of the head region and histological changes of the eye retina in artificially reared larvae at various stages and in glass eel just after metamorphosis. Structural changes were observed in the upper jaw (maxilla) and the lower jaw (mandible) after 100 dah (day after hatchery) and after metamorphosis. Teeth had degenerated by the time of completion of metamorphosis. Major histological changes observed in the eye retina were the formation of the outer plexiform layer and the outer nuclear layer from 100 dah larva and a change in the rod cell layer after metamorphosis. The cornea was not observed at 10 dah in the eel larva. More information is needed on the early developmental stages of eel larvae to enable mass production of glass eels. The results obtained in the present research will be useful when developing novel rearing programs for eel larvae.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1541-1552
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the structure and secretory function of the von Ebner's gland in parasympathetic or sympathetic nerve innervation. Sprague Dawley rats were sacrificed 3, 7, 10, 14, and 21 days after bilateral glossopharyngeal or hypoglossal nerve axotomy, respectively. The circumvallate papilla portion of the tongue was dissected and we observed morphological changes in the von Ebner's gland. The properties of glycoconjugate in the von Ebner's gland were investigated using nine biotinylated lectins (PSA, UEA I, GSL I $B_4$, ECL, DBA, SBA, HPA, SJA, or sWGA). Compared with the control group, cytoplasmic vacuoles appeared in the serous acini of the von Ebner's gland in the 3-day group, and the serous acini were significantly vacuolized and degenerated in the 10-day group after glossopharyngeal nerve axotomy. However, the structure of the von Ebner's gland did not change after hypoglossal nerve axotomy. In the control group, the von Ebner's glands secreted glycoconjugates containing ${\alpha}$-D-galactose, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine oligomer, and the amount of the secretion decreased significantly in the 10-day group after glossopharyngeal nerve axotomy. However, the amount of the glycoconjugate secretion did not change after hypoglossal nerve axotomy. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that the glossopharyngeal nerve containing parasympathetic nerve fibers is important for maintaining the structure of and secretory function in the von Ebner's gland in rats.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.220-227
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• 2001

The polymerization of 1,6-heptadiyne was carried out by molybdenum and tungsten-based transition metal catalysts. This polymerization by MoCl$\_$5/ alone proceeded well to give a quantitative yield of polymer. The effect of monomer to catalyst mole ratio (M/C), initial monomer concentration ([M]$\_$0/), and the polymerization temperature for the cyclopolymerization of 1,6-heptadiyne was studied and discussed. The polymerization solution exhibited red color even after 30 min of polymerization time. The resulting polymers were mostly brown powders and mostly insoluble in any organic solvents although the polymerization proceeded in homogeneous manner in some cases. The polymer structure was characterized by various instrumental methods to have the conjugated polymer backbone structure carrying cyclic recurring unit. The thermal and morphological properties of the resulting poly(1,6-heptadiyne) were also discussed.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.235-240
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• 2014

Nanocomposites made of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and organo-modified montmorillonite (O-MMT) were processed by melt compounding from a commercially available premixed LLDPE/nanoclay masterbatch, at different nanoclay loadings, by co-rotating twin-screw extruder. The morphological and dielectric properties of LLDPE/O-MMT nanocomposites were investigated to understand the structure-dielectric properties relationship in the nanocomposites. The microstructures of the materials were characterized by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Initial findings by FTIR spectroscopy characterization indicated the absence of any chemical interaction between LLDPE and nanoclay during the extrusion process, while DSC showed that a 1% wt loading of nanoclay particles increased the degree of crystallinity of the nanocomposites samples. On the other hand, XRD, SEM, TEM and AFM indicated that nanoclay layers were intercalated or exfoliated in the LLDPE matrix. A correlation between the structure and dielectric properties of LLDPE/O-MMT nanocomposites was found and discussed.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.7 no.3 s.25
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• pp.125-132
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the functions and formations of the component units as aesthetic components in the spatial grid. The main subject covered here is the presentation of the morphological method of shaping spatial grid by application of 3-dimensional units satisfying the suitable form of polyhedra, tensegrity and hybrid structure. In accordance with the subject, the definition of the spatial grid and 3-dimensional nit, the relationship between them, and then the functions of those units are reviewed. And the formations of polyhedral units, tensegrity units and hybrid units are generated by means of the modules of the simplest type or pattern. And also the overall appearance of the spatial grid shaped by several basic methods in which one unit can be joined to another and arranged are depicted.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 2015

Plants can affect adversely the interaction among herbivores by inducing insect resistance chemicals and change of attack behavior of natural enemies. Also, plants may induce favorable effects to herbivores by production of allelochemicals, nutritional variation, or morphological changes. In this review, we examined the effects of the interaction among herbivores mediated by plants and plant-response induced by insect attack, or the life history strategies of insects on the community structure of herbivore insects, and discussed its ecological significance in community level.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.59-76
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• 1994

Fine structure of the distal femoral epiphysis of growing mouse was studied by electron microscopy. The first morphological evidence of developing secondary center of ossification in the distal femoral epiphysis was found at newborn mouse. Ossification center was in the form of multiple foci of calcification and its cells were represented by remnant of degenerated cells within large lacunae that were separated by mineralized cartilaginous septa. Endochondral ossification beneath the articular cartilage proceeded in a less orderly manner than metaphyseal endochondral ossification. Columns of hypertrophied chondrocytes were not distinctly parallel to intercellular mineralized septa in all direction. Hypertrophied chondrocytes in the inner zone of the epiphseal center of ossification showed disintegrated. Resorption of mineralized cartilaginous septa was undertaken by perivascular cells and multinucleated chondroclasts. Resorption of the calcified cartilage was restricted to the region of ruffled border of the chondroclast. Growth along the metaphyseal side of the epiphyseal center of ossification was different from that along the articular surface. As the secondary center expanded toward the metaphyseal side, many vascular buds penetrated unmineralized cartilaginous septa and invaded viable chondrocytes. Many hypertrophied chondrocytes bodering the metaphyseal side of bone center remained viable after they became embedded in mineralized cartilaginous septa. This result suggested that the hypertrophied.