• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 1982

모유 영양에 관한 기초 연구의 일환으로 초유 및 성숙유의 총 지방질 함량을 측정함과 아울러 그 지방산 조성을 gas liquid chromatography 로 분석하였으며, 비교로 시유의 지방산 조성도 분석하였다. 사람의 초유의 총 지방질 함량은 성숙유의 그것에 비하여 유의하게 낮은 값을 나타내었으며, 인유 지방산 중 10 :0, 12 : 0, 14 : 0 등의 지방산은 수유 기간이 경과(초유에서 성숙유로)함에 따라 유의하게 증가하였다. 20 : 2, 20 : 4, 22 : 5 등의 extra-long chain 고도불포화 지방산은 성숙유에서보다 초유에서 유의하게 높았다. 초유 및 성숙유에서 가장 많은 필수 지방산은 18 : 2였으며, 초유와 성숙유 간에 유의차는 없었고 10여년전 보고치보다 높았다. 시유의 지방산 조성을 인유(성숙유)의 그것과 비교하여 본 바 단쇄, 중쇄, 장쇄 지방산들이 유의하게 높은 경향이었고, 장쇄 불포화 지방산들은 유의하게 낮은 경향이었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.437-447
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• 1999

The intake of fatty acids, and the effects of fatty acid intake patterns on serum lipid concentrations was investigated in 112 postmenopausal women. Dietary intakes of fatty acids were assessed by means of a semi-quantitative food questionnaire with food models and other measuring tools. The intakes of saturated fatty acid(SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid(MFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) were 10.85g, 11.89g and 12.09g, respectively. The ratios of P/M/S and $\omega$6/$\omega$3 fatty acid were 1.19 : 1.10 : 1 and 6.65 ; 1, respectively. Serum lipid concentrations were adjusted for age, menopausal period, BMI, stress scores, exercise habit and energy intake and the relationship between fatty acid intake and serum lipids was measured using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Serum cholesterol concentration was positively correlated with dietary intake of SFA (p<0.10), MUFA(p<0.05), palmitic acid(p<0.10), stearic acid(p<0.05), oleic aicd(p<0.05), and arachidonic acid(p<0.10). Serumk LDL-cholesterol concentration was positively correlated with MUFA(p<0.10), oleic acid(p<0.10), oleic acid(p<0.10), and arachidonic acid (p<0.10). Serum triglyceride concentration was positively correlated with arachidonic acid(p<0.10). However, serum HDL-cholesterol concentration was not found to be significantly correlated with any fatty acids.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2004

쇠고기내의 oleic acid(18:1)의 힘량은 고기의 향미와 다즙성에 영향올 미치며, 그 함량이 높으면 혈중 콜레스테롤을 낮출 수 있는 요인이 된다. 본 연구는 한우의 간 조직과 등심 조직에서 불포화지방산의 조성과 불포화지방산 합성효소의 mRNA 발현량의 차이를 비교분석하여 그 상호 관련성에 대해 조사하였다. 단일불포화지방산인 palmitoleic acid(16:1)와 oleic acid (18:1)의 조성은 등심 조직에서 총 지방산의 51%를 차지하고 있었으나, 지방대사가 활발한 간 조직에서는 22%에 지나지 않았다. 반면에 포화지방산인 palmitic acid(16:0) 와 stearic acid (18:0)의 조성비는 등심 조직과 간 조직에서 각각 37%와 58%'를 차지하였다. 이같이 단일불포화지방산의 조성은 조직간 현격한 차이가 나타나며, 조직내 stearoyl-CoA desaturase(SCD) 활성을 나타내는 포화지방산에 대한 불포화지방산의 비율인 불포화도(the desaturation index)를 살펴보면 등심 조직은 간 조직보다 약 3.6배 높았다. SCD는 palmitic acid(16:0) 와 stearic acid(18:0)를 기질로 하여 palmitoleic acid(16:1)와 oleic acid (18:1)로 전환하는 중요한 효소이다. 등심 조직과 간 조직에서 단일 불포화지방산의 조성비 차이가 SCD mRNA 의 발현량과 어떤 관련성을 가지는지를 RT PCR 법을 이용하여 분석되었다. 그 결과, SCD mRNA는 등심 조직에서 간 조직보다 약 3배 많이 발현되었다. 이상과 같이 한우 등섬 조직과 간 조직에서 단일불포화지방산의 조성의 현격한 치아는 SCD 활성지표인 지방산의 불포화도(3.6배 차이)와 SCD mRNA 발현량(3배 차이)과 상호 밀접한 관련성으로 해석할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.555-560
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• 1994

In order to observe the effects of the fees mixed with the lard and two vegetable seed oils on the fatty acid compositions of liver and brain tissue, the oils mixed with 2.5% lard and various levels of perilla oil and evening primrose oil were administered to the male rats of the Sprague-Dawley for 4 weeks . In the fatty acid composition of liver lipid, saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents were rich in the phopholiipide and cholesteryl ester fraction. Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) contents were rich in the triglyceride fraction and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents were rich in the phospholipid fraction. In the fatty acid composition of liver lipid fractions, according as the contents of mixed perilla oil decreased and the contents of mixed evening primrose oil increased , n -3 PUFA contents tended to decrease and n-6 PUFA contents tended to increase. Fatty acid composition of liver lipid fractions were influenced from the fatty acid composition of the test lipids. In the fatty acid composition of brain phospholipd, PUFA contents (40%) were rich and according as the contents of mixed evening primrose oil increased, the ratio on n-3/n-6 PUFA and eicosapentaenoid acid (EPA) /arachidonic acid (AA) tended to slightly decrease.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2004

Cardiovascular disease has the highest mortality rate in South Korea. Previous studies have reported that serum cholesterol level relates to intake of dietary fat and cholesterol. Therefore, in this study we developed a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for Koreans with a high-risk of hypercholesterolemia and to validate the FFQ. Semiquantitative FFQ, which includes 160 food items, reflects intakes of energy, fat, saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUPA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUPA) and cholesterol. We chose food items from the previous study of our research group (Suh 1999) which reported a nutritional status of Korean adults with normocholesterolemia, borderline and hypercholesterolemia. To validate the FFQ, we compared the results of the FFQ with those of a 3-day food record using a paired t-test. In addition, we calculated Pearson's and Spearmen's correlation coefficients. Intakes assessed by the FFQ and a 3-day food record were classified into quartile and the degree of agreement was obtained. Fifty-five participants responded for the validation study by completing both the FFQ and a 3-day food record. Pearson's correlation coefficients between estimated intakes by respective methods for energy, fat, SF A, MUPA, PUPA and cholesterol were 0.32,0.41,0.37,0.41,0.37 and 0.21, respectively. Spearman's correlation coefficients of energy, fat, SF A, MUPA, PUPA, cholesterol were 0.31, 0.44, 0.39, 0.46, 0.46, and 0.37, respectively. Nutrient densities in 1000kcal were compared. Pearson's correlation coefficient of cholesterol density increased and other values were similar with original values. The average degree of agreement was 67％ that intakes of energy, fat, SF A, MUPA, PUPA and cholesterol assessed by the FFQ and 3-day food records were classified within the same and the adjacent quartile. On the average, 8％ were misclassified into the extreme opposite quartile. The average of weighted kappa was 0.46. In conclusion, the FFQ developed in this study is considered to be a reliable tool to assess nutrient intakes for Koreans with a risk of hypercholesterolemia because the FFQ reflects the intakes of energy, fat, SFA, MUFA, PUPA, and cholesterol.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.477-486
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the variation in dietary fiber and fat intakes, and the contribution of food groups to dietary fiber and fat consumption in relation to age and to examine the relationship between dietary fiber and fat intakes in 337 urban adults aged 20-49 year. Dietary intakes were evaluated with one-day 24-hour recall and two-day dietary record method. Significantly higher intakes of fat in males and saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid, and cholesterol in females were associated with younger age. The ratio of fat to the total energy intake slightly exceeded 20% at 20s and 30s in both males and females. The main source of dietary fiber was vegetables in all age groups of males and 30s of females, but grains in 20s and 40s of females. The main source of fat was meats in all age groups of males and 40s of females, but grains in 20s and 30s in females. The main source of cholesterol was eggs in both males and females. Dietary fiber intake was positively correlated with all fat-related parameters except cholesterol in 20s and 40s and was positively related with fat in 30s of males. For females dietary fiber intake was positively correlated with polyunsaturated fatty acid in 20s and with monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid in 40s. These findings show that there is considerable variation in intake of dietary fiber and fat in relation to age among adults and suggest that these factors should be considered at interventions aimed toward improvement of nutritional status.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2005

본 연구는 양식 뱀장어뼈튀김의 저장 중 저장온도 및 포장방법에 따른 지질의 산화를 알아보기 위하여 수행하였다. 뱀장어뼈튀김은 $40^{\circ}C$와 $20^{\circ}C$에서 60일 동안 저장하면서 산가, 과산화물가,지방산 조성 등을 조사하였는데 저장온도가 높을수록 지질의 산패는 빠르게 진행되었으며 산가와 과산화물가는 저장기간 중 $20^{\circ}C$보다 $40^{\circ}C$에서 더 높게 나타났다. 또한 $20^{\circ}C$와 $40^{\circ}C$에서 저장한 뱀장어뼈튀김의 산화억제에는 탈산소제 처리구가 가장 효과적이었으며 그 다음이 질소가스, BHA, 토코페를 순이었다. 뱀장어뼈튀김의 지방산 조성은 단일불포화지방산,포화지방산, 고도불포화지방산 순으로 많았으며 주요 구성지방산은 oleic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid 등이었다. 저장 중 저장온도가 높고 저장기간이 길어짐에 따라 포화지방산은 증가하고 단일불포화지방산과 고도불포화지방산은 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 여러 처리구중 탈산소제를 동봉하여 포장한 뱀장어뼈튀김의 지방산 조성은 대조구, 토코페롤, BHA, 질소가스 처리구에 비하여 변화가 가장 적었다. 관능검사에서 색상, 향, 맛,조직,전반적이 기호도 등은 탈산소제 처리구가 가장 선호도가 높았으며 그 다음이 BHA, 질소가스, 토코페롤 대조구 순으로 나타났다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.114-120
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• 2009

총 50두의 돼지를 출하하기 전 55일 동안 일반 사료에 0.3% 들국화분말, 0.1% 생균제, 0.1% 셀레늄을 급여한 시험구 돼지의 육질특성을 조사하였다. 대조구에 비하여 일반성분, 콜레스테롤함량, 이화학적 특성 및 육색의 변화에 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 조직감의 경우 경도는 유의적으로 높았으나 파쇄성, 응집성, 탄력성, 검성 및 씹힘성에는 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 관능검사의 경우 신선육의 종합적인 기호도, 조리육의 연도, 다즙성 및 종합적기호도가 대조구보다 높게 나타났으나, 신선육의 육색, 드립 및 마블링 지수, 조리육의 육색, 육향 및 맛에서는 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 지방산 조성의 경우 처리구의 myristic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, unsaturated fatty acid(UFA), MUFA(monounsaturated fatty acid), MUFA/SFA(saturated fatty acid) 및 n-6/n-3 ratio가 높게 나타났으나, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, SFA, essential fatty acid(EFA)의 지방산의 함량은 낮게 나타났다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.32-40
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• 1996

To investigate the effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) and environmental enrichment on brain fatty acid composition and acetylcholinesterase(AChE) activity, two groups of was fed isocaloric diets containing 10 or 12% dietary lipids for 7 weeks. A third group was fed 10% (w/w) dietary lipids with supplemented 2% DHA-rich fish oil. Each diet group was housed either in a stainless steel cage individually or in a large enriched cage with toys where 7 rats were kept together. The fatty acid composition of plasma and brain was significantly affected by dietary lipid composition but not by environmental enrichment. Fish oil supplementation significanlty decreased plasma levels of monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA) and increased polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA). Fish oil supplemented groups also maintained lower plasma n-6 fatty acids and higher n-3 fatty acids levels than unsupplemented groups. The fish oil supplementation significantly decreased arachidonic acid and increased eicosapentaenic, docosapentaenoic acids, and DHA in brain fatty acid composition. In addition, brain DHA level in supplemented groups tended higher than the unsupplemented. Brain, AChE activity significantly increased by the environmental enrichment but not by the fish oil supplementation. These finding suggest that the 2% fish oil (0.57% DHA & 0.31% EPA, per diet weigth) supplementation is enough to accumulate n-3 fatty acids and to change the n-6 n-3 ratio in brain and environmental enrichment might promote the learning ability.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.153-161
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• 2017

Fatty acid profiles in relation to meat quality traits and sensory palatability of grain-fed and grass-fed beef from Hanwoo, American, and Australian crossbred cattle were examined in this study. There were significant (p<0.001) differences in fat content and fatty acid compositions between grain-fed and grass-fed beef. Grain-fed Hanwoo had significantly (p<0.001) lower saturated fatty acid (SFA) proportion but higher monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) proportion compared to grass-fed cattle. The proportion of oleic acid in grain-fed Hanwoo was significantly (p<0.001) higher than that in grass-fed Hanwoo, Australian crossbred, or American crossbred cattle. Grain-fed Hanwoo had significantly (p<0.001) lower percentages of drip loss and cooking loss compared to other cattle. Overall palatability panel scores of grain-fed cattle were significantly (p<0.001) higher than those of grass-fed cattle. Consequently, sensory overall palatability was negatively correlated with proportions of SFA and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), but positively correlated with the proportion of MUFA. In particular, the proportion of oleic acid was strongly and positively correlated with fat content (r=0.91, p<0.001) and overall palatability (r=0.92, p<0.001). These results implied that high-concentrate grain-fed could increase intramuscular fat (IMF) content and the proportion of oleic acid, thus increasing the sensory palatability of Hanwoo beef.