• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제81권4호
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• pp.886-898
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• 2020

목적 본 연구는 부인암을 가진 여성에서 유방암의 선별검사로서의 디지털 유방단층 촬영술을 평가하였다. 대상과 방법 부인암을 가진 환자들 중 검진 목적으로 디지털 유방단층 촬영술을 촬영한 환자들을 대상으로 후향적 연구를 시행하였으며 유방암 발견율, 소환율, 민감도, 특이도, 양성예측도를 계산하였다. 양성예측도 1은 모든 양성 선별검사 중 1년 이내에 조직 검사에서 유방암을 진단받은 환자의 백분율로 정의되었다. 양성예측도 2는 진단 검사에서 조직검사의 필요 판정을 받은 후(그리고 선별 검사에서 Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System 카테고리 4, 5를 받은 후) 1년 이내에 조직검사에서 유방암을 진단받은 환자의 백분율로 정의되었다. 양성예측도 3은 실제로 조직검사를 시행 받은 환자 중 1년 이내에 조직검사에서 유방암을 진단받은 환자의 백분율로 정의되었다. 검진으로 발견된 암의 각 경우에 대해 환자의 나이, 부인암의 종류, 유방 밀도, 영상의 특징, 최종 Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System 평가, 조직학적 유형, T 및 N 병기, 분자아형 및 Ki-67 지수를 분석했다. 결과 전체 508명 중 7개의 유방암이 발견되었으며 유방암 발견율은 1000건 당 암 13.8이었다. 민감도는 100%, 특이도는 83.2%였으며 위음성률은 1000건 당 0이었다. 양성예측도 1, 양성예측도 2, 양성예측도 3은 각각 7.7, 31.8, 31.8이었으며 소환율은 17.9%였다. 결론 본 연구에서 디지털 유방단층 촬영술은 높은 유방암 발견율, 높은 민감도, 높은 양성예측도를 보이며 T, N 병기가 낮은 초기 암에 대해 높은 발견율을 보였다. 따라서 부인암 환자와 같은 고위험군에서 유방암의 선별검사로서 디지털 유방단층 촬영술이 유용할 수 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.1296-1302
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• 2004

This study was conducted to evaluate the possible application of 2 D-SDS-PAGE (2 DE)-based proteome analysis techniques to the assessment of extreme proteolysis in postmortem skeletal muscle. Eight Hanwoo longissimus muscles were incubated immediately after slaughter for 24 h at 5$^{\circ}C$, 15$^{\circ}C$ or 36$^{\circ}C$. Warner Bratzler (WB)-shear force and ultrastructural configuration were determined at 24 h, and rate of proteolysis to 24 h was determined by 1 D-SDS-PAGE (1 DE) and 2 DE. In addition, tentative protein identification was performed from peptide mass fingerprints of MALDI-ToF analysis of major protein groups on 2 DE profiles. The result showed that although ultrastructural configuration was similar between the 5$^{\circ}C$ and 36$^{\circ}C$ treatments, meat at 5$^{\circ}C$ had higher WBshear force (approximately 5 kg greater). A higher rate of protein degradation at 36$^{\circ}C$ was observed based on Troponin-T degradation, 1 DE, and 2 DE analysis. This indicates that proteolysis during the early postmortem period was a significant determinant of shear force at 24 h. Little difference in proteolysis between 5$^{\circ}C$ and 15$^{\circ}C$ treatments was found based on classic 1 DE profile assessment. Meanwhile, considerable differences in the 2 DE profiles between the two treatments were revealed, with substantially higher rate of proteolysis at 15$^{\circ}C$ compared to 5$^{\circ}C$. Nuclease treatment improved 2 DE profile resolution. 400 ${\mu}$g and 600 ${\mu}$g of sample loading appeared to be appropriate for 24 cm pH 3-10 and pH 5-7 IPG strips, respectively. Protein detection and quantification of the 5$^{\circ}C$, 15$^{\circ}C$ and 36$^{\circ}C$ 2 DE profiles revealed 78, 163 and 232 protein spots respectively that were differentially modified in terms of their electrophoretic properties between approximately pI 5.3-7.7 with the molecular weight range of approximately 71-12 kDa. The current results demonstrated that 2 DE was a superior tool to 1 DE for characterising proteolysis in postmortem skeletal muscle.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.611-616
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• 2007

$E^{rns}$ is an envelope glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and has an unusual feature of RNase activity. In the present study, we demonstrate that $E^{rns}$ counteracts Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-mediated induction of IFN-$\beta$. For this purpose, $E^{rns}$ fused to the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was transiently expressed in porcine kidney 15 (PK15) cells. In luciferase activity assay, $E^{rns}$-EGFP was found to prevent IFN-$\beta$ promoter-driven luciferase expression and block the induction of IFN-$\beta$ promoter mediated by NDV in a dose-dependent manner. Through IFN-specific semi-quantitative RT-PCR detection, obvious decrease of IFN-$\beta$ mRNA in NDV-infected PK15 cells was observed in the presence of $E^{rns}$-EGFP. In contrast, EGFP alone showed none of this block capacity. In addition, $E^{rns}$-EGFP mutations with RNase inactivation were also found to block NDV-mediated induction of IFN-$\beta$. These evidences establish a novel function for CSFV $E^{rns}$ glycoprotein in counteraction of the IFN-$\beta$ induction pathway.

• 한국양식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국양식학회 2003년도 추계학술발표대회 논문요약집
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• pp.132-133
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• 2003

The marine dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium comprise PSP producing A. acatenella, A. angustitabuzatum, A. catenella, A. fundyense, A. minutum, A. ostenfezdii, A. tamiyavanichii and A. tamarense. In monitoring toxic Alexandrium, rapid and exact species identification is one of the significant prerequisite work, however we have suffered confusion of species definition in Alexandrium. To surmount this problem, we chose DNA probing, which has long been used as an alternative for conventional identification methods, primarily relying on morphological approaches using microscope in microbial field. Oligonucleotide DNA probes targeting rRNA or rDNA have been commonly used in diverse studies to detect and enumerate cells concerned as a culture-indetendent powerful tool. Despite of the massive literature on the HAB species containing Alexandrium, application of DNA probing for species identification and detection has been limited to a few documents. DNA probes of toxic A. tamarense, A. catenella and A. tamiyavanichii, and non-toxic A. affine, A. fraterculus, A. insuetum and A. pseudogonyaulax were designed from LSU rDNA D1-D2, and applied to whole cell-FISH. Each DNA probes reacted only the targeted Alexandrium cells with very high species-specificity within Alexandrium. The probes could detect each targeted cells obtained from the natural sea water samples without cross-reactivity. Labeling intensity varied in the growth stage, this showed that the contents of probe-targeted cellular rRNA decreased with reduced growth rate. Double probe TAMID2S1 achieved approximately two times higher fluorescent intensity than that with single probe TAMID2. This double probe did not cross-react with any kinds of microorganisms in the natural sea waters. Therefore we can say that in whole-cell FISH procedure this double DNA probe successfully labeled targeted A. tamiyavanichii without cross-reaction with congeners and diverse natural bio-communities.

• 폴리머
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.366-371
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• 2008

The controlled/living cationic polymerization of $\alpha$-methylstyrene (${\alpha}MeSt$) and sequential block copolymerization of isobutylene (IB) with ${\alpha}MeSt$ were achieved using 2-chloro-2,4,4-trimethylpentane (TMPCl)/titanium tetrachloride ($TiCl_4$)/titanium isopropoxide ($Ti(OiPr)_4$)/2,6-ditert-butylpyridine (DtBP) initiating system in $CH_3Cl$/hexane(50/50 v/v) solvent mixture at $-80^{\circ}C$. The polymerization rate decreased with increasing $[Ti(OiPr)_4]/[TiCl_4]$ ratio in the homopolymerization of ${\alpha}MeSt$. The effects of $[Ti(OiPr)_4]/[TiCl_4]$ ratios and $PIB^+$ molecular weight on the polymerization rate and blocking efficiency were also investigated. Well-defined poly(isobutylene-b-$\alpha$-methylstyrene)s were demonstrated by $^1H$-NMR and triple detection SEC; refractive index (RI), multiangle laser light scattering (MALLS) and ultraviolet (UV) detectors. Blocking efficiencies for the poly(isobutylene-b-$\alpha$-methylstyrene)s of almost 100% were obtained when ${\alpha}MeSt$ was induced by PIB's of $M_n\;{\geq}\;41000$ at $[Ti(OiPr)_4]/[TiCl_4]=1$. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the block copolymers showed two glass transition temperatures, thereby demonstrating microphase separation.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.382-388
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• 2016

Inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPN), which are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous peripheral nerve disorders including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), exhibit progressive degeneration of muscles in the extremities and loss of sensory function. Over 70 genes have been reported as genetic causatives and the number is still growing. We prepared a targeted gene panel for IPN diagnosis based on next generation sequencing (NGS). The gene panel was designed to detect mutations in 73 genes reported to be genetic causes of IPN or related peripheral neuropathies, and to detect duplication of the chromosome 17p12 region, the major genetic cause of CMT1A. We applied the gene panel to 115 samples from 63 non-CMT1A families, and isolated 15 pathogenic or likelypathogenic mutations in eight genes from 25 patients (17 families). Of them, eight mutations were unreported variants. Of particular interest, this study revealed several very rare mutations in the SPTLC2, DCTN1, and MARS genes. In addition, the effectiveness of the detection of CMT1A was confirmed by comparing five 17p12-nonduplicated controls and 15 CMT1A cases. In conclusion, we developed a gene panel for one step genetic diagnosis of IPN. It seems that its time- and cost-effectiveness are superior to previous tiered-genetic diagnosis algorithms, and it could be applied as a genetic diagnostic system for inherited peripheral neuropathies.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제43회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.161-161
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 InGaAs을 이용한 테라헤르쯔(THz) 발생과 검출 특성을 GaAs에 의한 특성과 비교, 조사하였다. 고온성장(HTG, $530^{\circ}C$) InGaAs를 이용하여 photo-Dember (pD) 효과(표면방출)에 의한 THz 발생 특성을 조사하였으며, THz 검출 특성에는 저온성장(LTG, $530^{\circ}C$) InGaAs: Be을 이용하였다. HTG-InGaAs 기판 위에 패턴한 금속전극 (Ti/Au, ${\sim}500{\times}500{\mu}m$)의 가장자리에 Ti: Sapphire fs 펄스 레이저(30 ps/90 MHz)를 조사하여 LTG-GaAs 수신기(Rx)로 THz를 검출, 전류신호(a)와 Fourier transform (FT) 주파수 스펙트럼(b)을 얻었다. HTG-InGaAs에서 얻은 파형은 SI-GaAs에서와 거의 비슷한 모양이었으나, 주파수 범위(0.5~2 THz)는 SI-GaAs의 1~3 THz 보다 좁고 FT 스펙트럼의 세기는 약 1/8 정도로 낮았다. LTG-InGaAs 수신기 (Rx)의 안테나는 쌍극자 ($5/20{\mu}m$) 형태를 가지고 있으며, SI-GaAs Tx로 발생시킨 광원을 사용하여 THz 영역의 검출 특성을 조사하였다. HTG-InGaAs Tx 및 LTG-InGaAs Rx의 이득은 각각 약 $5{\times}10^{-8}$ A/W과 $2.5{\times}10^{-8}$ A/W인 것으로 분석되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.510-522
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• 2008

Our earlier studies showed that estrogen was involved in the regulation of fluid reabsorption in adult mouse efferent ductules (ED), through estrogen receptor (ER) ${\alpha}$ and $ER{\beta}$ by modulating gene expression of epithelial genes involved in ion homeostasis. However, little is known about the importance of $ER{\alpha}$ in the ED during postnatal development. Based on previous findings, we hypothesized that there should be a difference in the expression of epithelial ion transporters and anion producers in the ED of postnatal wild type (WT) and estrogen receptor ${\alpha}$ knockout (${\alpha}ERKO$) mice. Using absolute, comparative and semi-quantitative RT-PCR along with immunohistochemistry, we looked at expression levels of several genes in the ED across postnatal development. The presence of estrogen in the testicular fluid was indirectly ascertained by immunohistochemical detection of the P450 aromatase in the testis. There was no immunohistochemically detectable difference in the expression of P450 aromatase in the testes and ER${\beta}$ in the ED of WT and ${\alpha}$ERKO mice. ER${\alpha}$ was only detected in the ED of WT mice. The absence of ER${\alpha}$ in the ED of postnatally developing mice resulted in differential expression of mRNAs and/or proteins for carbonic anhydrase II, $Na^+/H^+$ exchanger 3, down-regulated in adenoma, cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator, and $Na^+/K^+$ ATPase ${\alpha}$. Our data indicate that the absence of ER${\alpha}$ resulted in altered expression of an epithelial ion producer and transporters during postnatal development of mice. We conclude that the presence of ER${\alpha}$is important for regulation of the ED function during the prepubertal developmental and postpubertal period.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2012

Introduction: Breast cancer is the second leading cancer in Korean women. To assess potential genetic associations between the prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) gene in the chromosome 8q24 locus and breast cancer risk in Korean women, 13 SNPs were selected and associations with breast cancer risk were analyzed with reference to hormone receptor (HR) and menopausal status. Methods:We analyzed DNA extracted from buffy coat from 456 patients and 461 control samples, using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) based upon region-specific PCR followed by allelespecific single base primer extension reactions. Risks associated with PSCA genotypes and haplotypes were estimated with chi-square test (${\chi}^2$-test), and polytomous logistic regression models using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), by HR and menopausal status. Results: In case-control analysis, odds ratios (OR) of rs2294009, rs2294008, rs2978981, rs2920298, rs2976395, and rs2976396 were statistically significant only among women with estrogen receptor (ER) negative cancers, and those of rs2294008, rs2978981, rs2294010, rs2920298, rs2976394, rs10216533, and rs2976396 were statistically significant only in pre-menopausal women, and not in postmenopausal women. Risk with the TTGGCAA haplotype was significantly elevated in ER (-) status (OR= 1.48, 95% CI= 1.03~2.12, p<0.05). Especially risk of allele T of rs2294008 is significantly low in pre-menopausal breast cancer patients and AA genotype of rs2976395 in ER (-) status represents the increase of OR value. Conclusion: This report indicated for the first time that associations exist between PSCA SNPs and breast cancer susceptibility in Korean women, particularly those who are pre-menopausal with an estrogen receptor negative tumor status.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.4459-4463
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• 2014

Background: Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and infection with H. pylori is considered essential for its development. Helicobacter pylori infects more than 50% of the world's population with higher prevalence in developing countries than developed countries. The prevalence of H. pylori varies in different societies and geographical locations. The objectives of this study were to estimate the seroprevalence and determine the risk factors of H. pylori infection in dyspeptic patents in Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 209 dyspeptic patients was carried out from February 15 to April 30, 2013. Five to ten ml venous blood was collected from each dyspeptic patient and analyzed for detection of Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin (IgG). The socio-demographic characteristic, hygienic practices, alcohol consumption, sources of drinking water and types of latrine were also obtained with a pre-tested questionnaire. Results: The overall seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori was 72.2%. There was statistically significant difference in the prevalence of H. pylori among age groups (p=0.02). Seroprevalence of H. pylori was higher in those patients who used unprotected surface water (76.4%) than those with access to piped tap water (65.9%). There was also statistically significant differences in prevalence of H. pylori with the habit of hand washing before meal (p=0.01) and alcohol consumption (p=0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of H. pylori was high in the study area and increased with age of dyspeptic patients. Alcohol consumption and the type of drinking water are risk factors that have associations with the prevalence of H. pylori. Molecular epidemiological techniques can show a true picture of H. pylori and improvement in the drinking water quality is recommended.