• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.217-224
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• 2001

In this paper, we introduce the notion of some modification of given convergence structure and product convergence. Also, we find some properties which hold between the modification associated with a product of convergence structures and the product of modifications associated with the factor convergence structures.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.306-310
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• 1996

Five pseudopolymorphic modifications of cefazolin sodium were prepared by recrystallization. They were characterized by DSC and TGA. The solubilities of all modifications were c hecked through the dissolution test.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.379-386
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• 2014

Chromatin is an instructive DNA structure that can widely respond to external signals. An important change of chromatin is the modifications of histone for this regulation. There are accumulating lists of these modifications and the complexity of their action is gradually understood. It is evident that histone modifications play important roles in most biological processes that are involved in the expression or repression of DNA. The surface of nucleosomes is susceptible to multiplicity of modifications. Chromatin modifications can play either by eliminating chromatin contacts or by recruiting non-histone proteins to chromatin. Many of these regulations seem to be epigenetically inherited. Thus, histone modifications are closely correlated with many fundamental biological processes in animal, plant and microbial kingdoms. Failures of histone modification lead, in general, to defective chromosome condensation or decondensation, impeding many biological functions including development, maturation, and protection against various diseases.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.2061-2065
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• 2009

Two simple algorithm modifications are made to the THRASH data retrieval program with the aim of improving analysis speed for complex Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectra. Instead of calculating the least-squares fit for every charge state in the backup charge state determination algorithm, only some charge states are pre-selected based on the plausibility values obtained from the FT/Patterson analysis. Second, a modification is made to skip figure-of-merit (FOM) calculations in the central m/z region between two neighboring peaks in isotopic cluster distributions, in which signal intensities are negligible. These combined modifications result in a significant improvement in the analysis speed, which reduces analysis time as much as 50% for ubiquitin (8.6 kDa, 76 amino acids) FTICR MS and MS/MS spectra at the reliability (RL) value = 0.90 and five pre-selected charge states with minimal decreases in data analysis quality (Table 3).

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.27-32
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• 2007

Gears, crucial components in modern precision machinery for power transmission mechanisms, are required to have low contacting noise with high torque transmission, which makes the use of gear-tooth profile modifications and gear-tooth surface crowning extremely efficient and valuable. Due to the shortcomings of current techniques, such as manual rectification, mechanical modification, and numerically controlled rectification, we propose a novel electrochemical gear-tooth profile modification method based on an artificial neural network control technique. The fundamentals of electrochemical tooth-profile modifications based on real-time control and a mathematical model of the process are discussed in detail. Due to the complex and uncertain relationships among the machining parameters of electrochemical tooth-profile modification processes, we used an artificial neural network to determine the required processing electric current as the tooth-profile modification requirements were supplied. The system was implemented and a practical example was used to demonstrate that this technology is feasible and has potential applications in the production of precision machinery.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.141-151
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• 2012

Korea is a fast growing aging society. Growing older population causes various social issues and problems in many aspects. Housing issue is one of them and residential modifications for improving safety and independence for older residents are very important factor for Aging in Place. Under those social circumstances, the purpose of this study was to analyze the residential modification demand by the elderly on the application of ubiquitous home services. Respondents were the residents those who were over 55 years old, were living in a singe detached house and were able to use a computer. The major findings of this study were as follows: the results on current situations and demands for residential modifications showed that respondents already made mean of 4.9 home modification items and wanted to make mean of 12.4 items out of 21 residential modification items. The results on demands for the ubiquitous home services was relatively high(mean 3.82). This study can be an important information which is able to improve the quality of life by providing effective residential modifications for older population to help them ultimately safe, convenient, and independent living.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.571-579
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• 2004

There is a need to improve the efficiency of the existing sanitary treatment facilities, because the effluent standard becomes more stricter and septic sludge increased. Thus, operating processes of sanitary treatment system in M city changed with installation of additional facilities. Process modifications were as follows: Dilution water was added to the next process after primary aeration tank. Some secondary sedimentation sludge was recycled to primary aerator so that most of the organics were stabilized in primary aeration tank under automatic control of dissolved oxygen. The line of effluent from dewatering process flowing to the activated sludge tank was changed to the primary aerator. The primary sedimentation sludge line was linked to a thickener. Polymer was added to the activated sludge tank. The effluent of primary aerator and aerobic digester was recycled from the 5th to the 1st sector. As consequencies of above process modifications, the improvement of removal efficiency was achieved as BOD 54%, COD 42%, SS 61%, T-N 39%, and T-P 12%, respectively.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.318-327
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• 2021

CD4+ T helper (Th) cells play a crucial role in the modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses through the differentiation of Th precursor cells into several subsets, including Th1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Effector Th and Treg cells are distinguished by the production of signature cytokines and are important for eliminating intracellular and extracellular pathogens and maintaining immune homeostasis. Stimulation of naive Th cells by T cell receptor and specific cytokines activates master transcription factors and induces lineage specification during the differentiation of Th cells. The master transcription factors directly activate the transcription of signature cytokine genes and also undergo post-translational modifications to fine-tune cytokine production and maintain immune balance through cross-regulation with each other. This review highlights the post-translational modifications of master transcription factors that control the differentiation of effector Th and Treg cells and provides additional insights on the immune regulation mediated by protein argininemodifying enzymes in effector Th cells.

• BMB Reports
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.266-271
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• 2020

Breast cancer encompasses a major portion of human cancers and must be carefully monitored for appropriate diagnoses and treatments. Among the many types of breast cancers, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the worst prognosis and the least cases reported. To gain a better understanding and a more decisive precursor for TNBC, two major histone modifications, an activating modification H3K4me3 and a repressive modification H3K27me3, were analyzed using data from normal breast cell lines against TNBC cell lines. The combination of these two histone markers on the gene promoter regions showed a great correlation with gene expression. A list of signature genes was defined as active (highly enriched H3K4me3), including NOVA1, NAT8L, and MMP16, and repressive genes (highly enriched H3K27me3), IRX2 and ADRB2, according to the distribution of these histone modifications on the promoter regions. To further enhance the investigation, potential candidates were also compared with other types of breast cancer to identify signs specific to TNBC. RNA-seq data was implemented to confirm and verify gene regulation governed by the histone modifications. Combinations of the biomarkers based on H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 showed the diagnostic value AUC 93.28% with P-value of 1.16e-226. The results of this study suggest that histone modification analysis of opposing histone modifications may be valuable toward developing biomarkers and targets for TNBC.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.23
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• pp.71-91
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects and problems of acceptance with modifications according to CISG Art. 19, comparing with UCC ${\S}2-207$. First of all this author raised two legal issues encountered when there is an acceptance with modifications. Scenario one is as follows : "Before either party has taken further action, there is a rise or a fall in the price of goods, was there a binding contract ?" The UCC rules provide for a contract if a purchaser sends out a purchase order and the seller sends back a sales acknowledgement form, and the items on the front(the price, description, and quantity) match up. The CISG on the other hand, is that most of the terms and conditions on the backs of the forms are important. Therefore, if they are different, there should not be a contract. Scenario two is as follows : "There has been performance, A disputes arises. What terms and conditions apply ?" The CISG and the UCC will probably lead to different results in the event the parties exchange conflicting forms and subsequently perform. Assuming that the offeree's reply contains terms that are materially different from the offer, the UCC provides that the resulting contract will include only those terms on which the writings of the parties agree, excluding conflicting terms. The CISG treats the material additions as a counter-offer and, in accordance with Art. 18, the offeree's performance may be regarded as an acceptance of a contract containing all of the offeror's terms ; or the offeror's performance may be regarded as an acceptance of a contract containing all of the offeree's terms. Second, this author raised three problems in the Art. 19 as follows ; 1) It is very difficult in practical application to decide what is material alterations even if the CISG lists material terms as an example. 2) There is a possibility for the offeror to speculate in the circumstance of market fluctuation as he has a change to object to the discrepancy in the offeree's reply. 3) There is also a possibility of inducement for the offeror or the offeree to send its own reply as a last shot.