• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.125-136
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• 2017

This study was designed to test whether middle school students have moderating effect of empathy ability on group bullying behavior. The subjects were 488 middle school students in Busan area, The mean difference test and regression analysis were performed using the SPSS 20 program and the related variables were standardized to show the characteristics of the control effect. The results of this study are as follows: First, as the experiences of the perpetrator and the experience of the autonomous group, the group bullying behaviors were higher, and it was confirmed that the perpetrators were important variables for predicting the bullying behaviors. As a predictor of bullying behavior, it was identified as an important variable. Second, empathy ability has a moderating effect of alleviating the relationship between perpetrator's harmony and bullying behavior, and the relationship between onlooker and bullying behavior. Third, according to gender analysis, male students were more exposed to bullying behaviors than female students. Through these discussions, practical suggestions for social welfare, academic suggestions, and suggestions for follow-up studies were made.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.317-333
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• 2022

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to investigate the interrelationships between visitor motivations, attitude, and behavioral intention toward the Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival, China. It is also to test moderating roles of gender and past travel experience between these factors. Design/methodology/approach - Data was collected from potential Chinese visitors, after which 420 usable surveys were processed. Findings - To investigate our hypotheses, we used descriptive, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. We found that aesthetic attractiveness, purchase of local products, and involvement had positive effects on attitude toward the festival. Attitude toward the festival had a significant effect on behavioral intention to visit. Finally, it was also found that gender and past travel experience significantly moderated the interrelationships between these factors. Research implications or Originality - Theoretical and managerial implications, as well as, suggestions for future research are discussed.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.193-205
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to look into how social support for high school students was affecting suicidal ideation and verify how the moderating effect worked on risk factors in the relationship between social support and suicidal ideation. Specifically, three sub-factors of social support were classified into friend support, teacher support, and parent support, and were set as independent variables. In addition, suicidal ideation was dependent variables, gender, grade level, and school type as moderating variables. The main research results are as follows. First, teacher support, friend support, and parent support all appeared to have a significant negative effect on suicidal ideation. Second, the suicidal thoughts were higher in female students than in male students than in male students and in students of general high school than in those of vocational high school. Third, support from friends and parents was more effects in reducing suicidal thoughts for female students than male students. Fourth, the effect that teacher support that support and parent support reduce suicidal thoughts was greater for first graders than second graders. Bases on the results of the analysis, interviews were also conducted with high school teachers. Through the results of this study, I would like to propose practical measures to alleviate social problems related to suicide in high school students and to provide basic data for policy measures.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.5089-5095
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• 2015

The study seeks to determine how much environmentally conscious behaviors vary depending on the nationality, gender and age. For its purpose, this study suggests hypotheses that Korean and American consumers, who are culturally different from each other, show differences from each other in environmentally conscious behaviors. An interaction effect is also expected between gender and age. With regard to environmentally conscious behavior. Meanwhile, the study tried to examine whether personal values have any mediating effect on the behaviors. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows. Environmentally conscious behaviors by American consumers were more significant than those by Korean consumers. And men were more positive in making environmentally conscious behaviors than women were. In addition, there were interaction effects between nationality and gender, and nationality and age. Furthermore, personal values, depending on age, were found to have moderating effects on environmentally conscious behaviors.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.73-79
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• 2016

Purpose - Customer satisfaction has been considered important as a way to retain current customers. Specifically, the retention of current customers through customer satisfaction has been considered important in an industry where competition between companies is fierce. Major Korean airlines have confronted fierce competition with the growth of low cost carriers (LCCs). In order to survive, these airlines need to retain their customers. This research aims to investigate the relationships between customer satisfaction and the customer intention to remain loyal. Moreover, this study examines how the influence of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty is moderated by gender. Research design, data, and methodology - A regression model is developed in which customer satisfaction, gender, and an interaction of satisfaction and gender are predictors and the customer's intention to remain loyal is a dependent variable. To analyze this research model, data were collected from 402 university students taking a marketing class in universities in Seoul, Chung-Cheong province, and Kangwon province. After eliminating data from students who had never flown and data with missing values, a final sample of 201 was analyzed. The hypotheses were tested using SPSS 21.0. Internal reliability was supported by the results of Cronbach's α. Multiple regression was performed. Results - Empirical results showed that customer satisfaction toward the airline's service had a positive influence on the customer intention to remain loyal to the airlines. Moreover, this influence was moderated by gender. More specifically, a male customer's intention to remain loyal was more determined by his satisfaction toward airline service than a female customer's. Conclusions - This research contributes to the aviation service marketing literature by showing how customer satisfaction influences customer intention to remain loyal and how this influence is moderated by gender. More specifically, male customer loyalty is more determined by airline service satisfaction than female customers. These results have manager implications for major Korean airlines in terms of customer satisfaction and gender as ways to enhance customer retention.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.646-662
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• 2016

This study of elderly couples examined the main environmental factors affecting the married life satisfaction and life satisfaction of the spouses. The survey was conducted on 60-year-old elderly couples who live in the metropolitan area of Seoul and Gyeonggi. A total of 400 questionnaires were used to analyze the exception of a number of 12 388 additional missing data. The results were as follows. First, environmental factors affecting the marital satisfaction of spouses' personality suitability and gender role attitudes appeared in the economic conditions. Second, the spouses environmental factors affecting the life satisfaction turned out to be the gender role attitude, reliability and economic conditions. Third, the major environmental factors affecting both spouses married life satisfaction and life satisfaction was found to be the gender role attitude and economic conditions. Fourth, the environmental factors representing a moderating effect on the supporting spouse between environmental factors and life satisfaction appeared to be the personality suitability and economic conditions. These results suggest that the recent increases in the twilight divorce rate may be due to the marriage satisfaction and common factors of gender role attitudes. Therefore, to improve the lives and economic conditions as well as the satisfaction of the spouse, the support of important factors are needed to adjust the crisis of old age couples. Therefore, a relevant policy that targets elderly couples through counseling and education will be needed.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

Purpose: The study sought to uncover the effect of emotional labour strategies (surface acting and deep acting) on job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion. The study also purposed to analyse the moderating effect of organisational support (supervisory support and co-worker support) and the role of gender on emotional labour connotations. Research design, data and methodology: A conceptual framework was developed using extant literature which led to the examination of deep acting and surface acting, which are the two main strategies of emotional labour. The outcome variables were emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. Data was collected from front line employees of banks and was analysed using SEM-AMOS version 21. Results: It was revealed, in this study, that surface acting is inversely related to job satisfaction and positively related to emotional exhaustion, whereas deep acting was positively related to job satisfaction and inversely related to emotional exhaustion. The roles of gender and organisational support were also confirmed. Conclusions: The study therefore concluded that deep acting is the most ideal strategy of emotional labour as it leads to job satisfaction and reduced emotional exhaustion. Surface acting is a harmful emotional labour strategy.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.137-158
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• 2021

Purpose This study aims to investigate which factors have impact on the acceptance intention of new electronic ID. For the empirical analysis, this study utilized PLS-SEM after collecting 385 survey data, and analyzed relations between each factors. Design/methodology/approach This study made a design of the research model by integrating the factors deducted from the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology with the factors deducted from the Risk Factors. Findings The results are as follow; First, of the UTAUT factors, Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy and Social Influence and has positive impact on Acceptance Intention, but Facilitating Conditions doesn't have meaningful impact on Acceptance Intention. Second, of the Risk factors, Innovation Resistance has negative impact on Acceptance Intention, but Perceived Risk dose not have meaningful impact on Acceptance Intention. Finally, regulatory effect of the Promotion Focus, Prevention Focus and Gender has regulatory impact to Acceptance intention. It is expected that the implications of this study enables government effectively to offer new electronic ID.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.227-243
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of experience characteristics of cosmetics brand stores on purchase intention through brand value and product in-store expectations. In addition, by identifying the effects of gender regulation, the study aimed to supplement theoretical studies and to provide practical implications on the experience of cosmetics brand stores. First, we presented educational experiences, aesthetic experiences, and playful experiences as experience characteristics in stores. And we assumed the effect of these experience characteristics on the brand value and the expectation of the product in the store, and the effect of the brand value and the expectation on the purchase intention of the product in the store. 279 data were collected from consumers who had visited cosmetics brand stores, and we analyzed them using structural equation analysis. As a result, both experience characteristics have positive effects on brand value and in-store product expectations, and brand value has positive effects on expectations. In addition, brand value and in-store product expectations have a positive effect on in-store product purchase intention. In moderating effects of gender, the effect of playful experience on brand value is greater in male group, and the impact of educational and aesthetic experience on product expectations is greater in female group. These results contribute to the theoretical expansion of experience research on cosmetic brand stores, and provide strategic implications for experience marketing of cosmetic stores.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.625-631
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• 2021

This study examined the effects of self-critical perfectionism on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and the moderating effects of gender in the relationship to understand deeply the dilemmatic situation resulting from OCB at the individual level. In other words, based on the conservation of resources theory, this study examined how self-critical perfectionism influences the OCB and how gender moderates the relationship between self-critical perfectionism and OCB. More specifically, this study predicts that self-perfectionism will be negatively related to OCB. Furthermore, this negative relationship between self-critical perfectionism and OCB will be strengthened in men compared to women. To test these hypotheses, the supervisor-subordinate survey was conducted, and 150 dyad data were analyzed. The analytical results of HLM (Hierarchical Linear Modeling) showed that self-critical perfectionism negatively influenced the OCB, and this negative effect was strengthened in men compared to women. This paper suggests implications and limitations for the literature on OCB.