• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.563-567
• /
• 2009

Steel scalpel과 $CO_2$ laser를 이용한 돼지 자궁 절개 시 창상 치유에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 본 실험을 실시하였다. 다섯 마리의 Landrace - Yorkshire 혼혈 종 돼지를 이용하였고, 각각의 돼지에서 좌측 및 우측의 자궁에 대칭적으로 scalpel과 $CO_2$ laser를 이용하여 절개 하였다. 각각의 기구는 절개 속도, 절개의 용이성 및 출혈 정도를 평가 하였으며 수술 후 21일에 육안적인 유착 정도와 조직학적 검사를 실시하였다. Scalpel을 이용한 절개는 레이저를 이용한 절개보다 용이하였으나 두 군간의 유의성은 없었다. 레이저를 이용한 절개 시 출혈량은 적었으나 절개속도는 scalpel을 이용한 경우가 빨랐다. $CO_2$ laser 절개에서의 수술 후 자궁 유착은 scalpel 절개에서 보다 적게 발생하였다. 조직학적 검사에서 scalpel 절개의 경우 상피 조직과 자궁내막선의 재생이 완전히 이루어 졌으나 레이저를 이용한 경우 불완전한 재생 상태를 보였다. 비록 scalpel을 이용한 절개가 $CO_2$ laser를 이용한 경우 보다 조직 손상이 적었으며 사용하기 용이하였으나 출혈이 많은 단점이 있다. 반면 $CO_2$ laser를 이용한 절개의 경우 지혈 효과는 좋으나 창상 치유를 지연 시켰다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.129-140
• /
• 2015

Objectives: We examined the association between the adherence to dietary guidelines for breast cancer survivors and health-related quality of life in a cross-sectional study of Korean breast cancer survivors. Methods: A total of 157 women aged 21 to 79 years who had been diagnosed with stage I to III breast cancers according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and had breast cancer surgery at least 6 months before the baseline were included. We used a Korean version of the Core 30 (C30) and Breast cancer 23 (BR23) module of the European Organization for Research and Treatment Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ), both of which have been validated for Koreans. Participants were asked about their adherence to dietary guidelines for breast cancer survivors, suggested by the Korean breast cancer society, using a 5-point Likert scale. We summed dietary guideline adherence scores for each participant and calculated the least squares means of health-related quality of life according to dietary guideline adherence scores using the generalized linear model. Results: Breast cancer survivors who had higher adherence to dietary guidelines for breast cancer survivors had lower constipation scores than those with lower adherence (p for trend=0.01). When we stratified by the stage at diagnosis, this association was limited to those who had been diagnosed with stage II or III breast cancers. Also, sexual functioning scores increased significantly with increasing adherence scores of dietary guidelines among those with stage II or III breast cancers (p for trend < 0.001). However, among those who had been diagnosed with stage I, higher scores of dietary guidelines were associated with higher scores of pain (p for trend=0.03) and breast symptoms (p for trend=0.05). Conclusions: Our study suggested that the health-related quality of life levels of breast cancer survivors are associated with the adherence to dietary guidelines and may differ by the stage of the breast cancer.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.56-63
• /
• 2013

목적 : 신경병증성 통증 쥐 모델에서 통증 행동과 척수 교세포의 활성화에 대한 반복적 전침의 영향을 실험하였다. 방법 : 21마리 Sprague-Dawley 성체 수컷 쥐를 무작위적으로 대조군, SP6 군, ST36+GB34 군으로 나누었다. 신경병증성 통증은 L5 척수신경을 단단하게 묶는 것으로 유도하였다. 신경병증성 통증이 유도된 뒷발에 기계적 및 열적 민감도를 조사하였다. 모든 군의 L5/6 척수에서 면역조직화학염색법을 수행하였다. 수술 이후 5일째부터 하루에 한번씩 전침을 시행하였다. 결과 : 족삼리(ST36)와 양릉천(GB34)에 적용된 전침은 3번의 처치 이후 실험기간 내내 기계적 및 열적 민감도를 모두 감소시켰다. 삼음교(SP6) 군에서는 진통 효과가 7번의 처치 이후 감소됨을 보였다. 면역조직화학염색법은 ST36+GB34 군에서 L5/6 척수 후각에서 교세포와 성상세포의 활성화가 억제됨을 보였다. 결론 : 이 결과는 반복적인 전침은 신경병증성 통증에 강한 진통 효과를 발휘 하는 것을 시사한다. 신경병증성 통증에서 이 진통 효과는 교세포와 성상세포의 활성화를 억제하는 것과 관련이 있다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.79-94
• /
• 2011

Background: Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines are currently being evaluated as a novel strategy for tumor vaccination and immunotherapy. However, inducing long-term regression in established tumor-implanted mice is difficult. Here, we show that deoxypohophyllotoxin (DPT) induces maturation and activation of bone marrow-derived DCs via Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 activation of MAPK and NF-${\kappa}B$. Methods: The phenotypic and functional maturation of DPT-treated DCs was assessed by flow cytometric analysis and cytokine production, respectively. DPT-treated DCs was also used for mixed leukocyte reaction to evaluate T cell-priming capacity and for tumor regression against melanoma. Results: DPT promoted the activation of $CD8^+$ T cells and the Th1 immune response by inducing IL-12 production in DCs. In a B16F10 melanoma-implanted mouse model, we demonstrated that DPT-treated DCs (DPT-DCs) enhance immune priming and regression of an established tumor in vivo. Furthermore, migration of DPT-DCs to the draining lymph nodes was induced via CCR7 upregulation. Mice that received DPT-DCs displayed enhanced antitumor therapeutic efficacy, which was associated with increased IFN-${\gamma}$ production and induction of cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity. Conclusion: These findings strongly suggest that the adjuvant effect of DPT in DC vaccination is associated with the polarization of T effector cells toward a Th1 phenotype and provides a potential therapeutic antitumor immunity.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.23-29
• /
• 2006

Objectives : The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of automatically controlled rotating acupuncture (ACRA) on thermal allodynia in neuropathic pain rats, and to examine whether the endogenous opioid system mediates the effects of ACRA. Methods : For the neuropathic surgery, the right superior caudal trunk was resected at the level between S1 and S2 spinal nerves innervating the tail. Two weeks after the nerve injury, ACRA stimulation with 4 different stimulation conditions (i.e., angle and frequency of rotation: 90o+1Hz, 90o+1/4Hz, 360o+/1Hz, and 360o+1/4Hz) was delivered to the Zusanli (ST36) acupoint for 15 min. The behavioral signs of thermal allodynia were evaluated by the tail immersion test (i.e., immersing the tail in cold $(4^{\circ}C)$ or warm $(4^{\circ}C)$ water and measuring the latency to an abrupt tail movement) before and after the stimulation. In an additional set of experiments, we examined the effects of naloxone (opioid Results : ACRA stimulations under all of the conditions above significantly relieved thermal antagonist, 2mg/kg, i.p.) on the action of ACRA stimulation. allodynia. There is no difference in the anti-allodynic effects among the 4 stimulation conditions. In addition, the effect of ACRA on thermal allodynia was reversed by naloxone pretreatment. Conclusion : These results indicate that ACRA stimulations have relieving effects on thermal allodynia in neuropathic pain rats, irrespective of stimulation parameters, and that this is mediated by the endogenous opioid system.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.125-134
• /
• 2013

Objectives : We studied the effects of electro and laser acupuncture treatment with $GB_{39}$ and $GB_{34}$ on neuropathic pain in rats induced by tibial and sural nerve ligation. Methods : To produce the model of neuropathic pain, the tibial and sural nerves of rats were ligated by a 6-0 silk thread. Three days after the neuropathic surgery, only electro acupuncture(EA), electro acupuncture and 830 nm laser acupuncture(EA-LA-1), and electro acupuncture and 904 nm laser acupuncture(EA-LA-2) were treated with $GB_{39}$ and $GB_{34}$ twice a week for 8 weeks. We observed the withdrawal response of neuropathic rats' legs by von Frey filament and acetone stimulation. We also observed c-fos and nocieptin on the central gray area in the midbrain of neuropathic rats. Results : As we observed the effect of mechanical allodynia, the EA and EA-LA-1 groups in 5 and 6 weeks and the EA-LA-2 group in 6 weeks increased significantly compared with the control group. As for the effect of c-fos activity in the central gray region, the EA, EA-LA-1, and EA-LA-2 groups decreased significantly compared with the control group. The EA-LA-2 group increased significantly compared with the control group as regards the effect of nociceptin activity in the central gray region. Conclusions : We noticed the synergic effect of electro and laser acupuncture treatment because the EA-LA-1 and EA-LA-2 groups had more controllable effect compared with the control group. This study can be used in clinical therapy for neuropathic pain.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제10권5호
• /
• pp.273-282
• /
• 2006

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of R-(-)-2,10,11-trihydroxy-N-propylnoraporphine [R-(-)-TNPA], a selective agonist of dopaminergic $D_2$ receptor and S(-)-raclopride, a selective antagonist of dopaminergic $D_2$ receptor, on the secretion of catecholamines (CA) evoked by cholinergic stimulation and membrane-depolarization in the isolated perfused model of the rat adrenal gland, and also to establish its mechanism of action. R-(-)-TNPA $(10{\sim}100\;{\mu}M)$ perfused into an adrenal vein for 60 min produced dose- and time-dependent inhibition in CA secretory responses evoked by ACh (5.32 mM), high $K^+$ (56 mM), DMPP $(100\;{\mu}M)$ and McN-A-343 $(100\;{\mu}M)$. R-(-)-TNPA itself did also fail to affect basal CA output. Also, in adrenal glands loaded with R-(-)-TNPA $(30\;{\mu}M)$, the CA secretory responses evoked by Bay-K-8644 $(10\;{\mu}M)$, an activator of L-type $Ca^2+$ channels and cyclopiazonic acid $(10\;{\mu}M)$, an inhibitor of cytoplasmic $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$ were also inhibited. However, S(-)-raclopride $(1{\sim}10\;{\mu}M)$, given into an adrenal vein for 60 min, enhanced the CA secretory responses evoked by ACh, high $K^+$, DMPP and McN-A-343 only for the first period (4 min), although it alone has weak effect on CA secretion. Moreover, S(-)-raclopride $(3.0\;{\mu}M)$ in to an adrenal vein for 60 min also augmented the CA release evoked by BAY-K-8644 and cyclopiazonic acid only for the first period (4 min). However, after simultaneous perfusion of R-(-)-TNP A $(30\;{\mu}M)$ and S(-)-raclopride $(3.0\;{\mu}M)$, the inhibitory responses of R(-)-TNPA $(30\;{\mu}M)$ on the CA secretion evoked by ACh, high $K^+$, DMPP, McN-A-343, Bay-K-8644, and cyclopiazonic acid were significantly reduced. Taken together, these experimental results suggest that R-(-)-TNPA greatly inhibits the CA secretion from the perfused rat adrenal medulla evoked by cholinergic stimulation (both nicotininc and muscarinic receptors) and membrane depolarization, but S(-)-raclopride rather enhances the CA release by them. It seems that this inhibitory of R-(-)-TNPA may be mediated by stimulation of inhibitory dopaminergic $D_2$ receptors located on the rat adrenomedullary chromaffin cells, while the facilitatory effect of S(-)-raclopride is due to the blockade of dopaminergic $D_2$ receptors, which are relevant to extra- and intracellular calcium mobilization. Therefore, it is thought that dopaminergic $D_2$ receptors may be involved in regulation of CA release in the rat adrenal medulla.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.1292-1303
• /
• 2015

통계청의 2013년 지역사회 건강 조사 자료에 의하면 제주도는 전국 16개 시 도 중에서 비만율(1위), 고위험 음주율(2위), 남성 흡연율(2위)이 상대적으로 높은 지역으로 대장암, 간암, 폐암, 유방암 등의 발생률이 높을 것으로 추정된다. 연구목적은 이들 암의 발생률과 사망률의 추세를 분석하고 전국 평균과 비교 유사성이 있는지 알아보는 것이다. 분석을 위하여 제주지역암등록소에서 2014년 11월까지 조사한 1999년부터 2012까지 자료를 이용했으며, 분석은 Joinpoint 회귀 순열 검사방법을 이용 평균 연간 % 변화율(AAPC)과 전국 평균과의 유사성 검사(parallelism test)를 했다. 남성 대장암은 연령표준화 발생률의 AAPC가 8.4%/년(p-value<.000) 이었으며, 남성 전국 평균과의 유사성은 제주 환자의 가파른 AAPC 상승 때문에 거부되었다(p-value=.047). 남성 간암의 ASR에 대한 AAPC는 -2.98%/년(p-value<.000) 이었으나 전국 평균보다 완만한 감소 때문에 유사성이 거부되었다(p-value=.026). 남성 폐암의 AAPC는 전국 평균과 비교에서 제주도 환자의 2006년부터 2012년 기간에 APC(4.37%/년)가 오히려 증가하여 거부되었다(p-value=.009). 결론으로, 제주도는 남성 대장암, 남성 간암, 남성 폐암의 평균 연간 % 변화율과 변화 추세가 전국 평균과 다르다는 것을 확인하였으므로 원인에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제34권3호통권134호
• /
• pp.210-217
• /
• 2003

Korean mistletoe (Viscum album) extract has been found to posses immunostimulatory activity. In this study, Korean mistletoe extract, M11C (non-lectin components), was used to know whether this extract might activate mouse splenic macrophages to produce tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}\;(TNF-{\alpha}$) and might play a role in anticancer. To know the effect of M11C on the production of $TNF-{\alpha}$, the splenic macrophages were treated by the M11C, and then collected the supernatant (M11C stimulated splenic macrophage-conditioned media; MSCM). MSCM was analyzed for the $TNF-{\alpha}$ secretion by means of ELISA and immunoblotting, and mRNA expression was analyzed by RT-PCR. The S-180 murine sarcoma model was established to know the effect of M11C on the inhibition of tumor growth. M11C had the effect of $TNF-{\alpha}$ production from splenic macrophages performed by ELISA technique. This ELISA data was reconfirmed by immunoblotting assay. The effects of M11C on the expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA from the macrophages was also shown. M11C also had the inhibitory effect of S-180 tumor growth. These data suggest that Korean mistletoe extract M11C may be used for an immunomodulator.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.151-161
• /
• 2021

Objectives : The effects of a combined stimulation of 658 nm, 830 nm, 904 nm, and 1064 nm laser acupuncture treatment (LAT) and electroacupuncture treatment (EAT) on GB39 and GB34 on neuropathic pain in rats induced by tibial and sural nerve transection were studied in this paper. Methods : To express a neuropathic pain model, surgery was performed to transection rats' tibial and sural nerves. The rats were divided into normal group, control group, and experimental groups. In addition, the experimental groups were divided into 658 nm laser and electroacupuncture (LAT658+EAT), 830 nm laser and electroacupuncture (LAT830+EAT), 904 nm laser and electroacupuncture (LAT904+EAT), and 1064 nm laser and electroacupuncture (LAT830+EAT). For the treatment of the experimental groups, electroacupuncture and different laser wavelengths were alternately applied to GB34 and GB39 twice a week for 3 weeks for 1 minute 30 seconds. The withdrawal response of neuropathic rats' legs by acetone stimulation was observed, as well as the c-Fos in the central gray region in the midbrain of neuropathic rats together with Bax, Bcl2, and mGluR5 expressions associated with apoptosis. Results : Compared with the control group, a significant decrease in the frequency of paw withdrawal in response to acetone allodynia was observed in LAT658+EAT and LAT830+EAT groups in 6th times, LAT904+EAT group in 2^nd, 3^rd, and 6^th times, and LAT1064+EAT group in 2^nd and 6^th times, respectively. For c-fos positive cells in the central gray region, a significant decrease was observed in LAT830+EAT, LAT904+EAT, and LAT1064+EAT groups in comparison with the control group. In Bax expression, LAT1064+EAT group showed a significant decrease compared to the control group. In Bcl-2 expression, the LAT658+EAT,the LAT904+EAT, and the LAT1064+EAT groups increased significantly compared to the control group. LAT830+EAT, LAT904+EAT, and LAT1064+EAT groups showed significantly increased mGlu5 expression compared to the control group. Conclusions : The combination of laser for each wavelength and electroacupuncture alternately performed in this study is thought to be effective in improving neuropathic pain and apoptosis.